Ajay Kumar at 21:06, 30 August 2023

2023-08-30T21:06:45Z

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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
[[Naga people|Naga]] is an umbrella term for several indigenous communities in [[Northeast India]] and [[Upper Burma]]. The word Naga originated as an exonym. Today, it covers a number of ethnic groups that reside in the Indian states of [[Nagaland]], [[Manipur]], [[Assam]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and also in [[Myanmar]].

Before the arrival of the British, the term "Naga" was used in Assam to refer to certain isolated ethnic groups. The British adopted this term for a number of ethnic groups in the surrounding area, based on loose linguistic and cultural associations.
Nagaland became the 16th state
on 1 December 1965.
S. R. Tohring (2010) lists 66 Naga ethnic groups<ref>{{cite book | title = Violence and identity in North-east India: Naga-Kuki conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlaIRKRspYQC | author = S. R. Tohring | year = 2010 | publisher = Mittal Publications | isbn = 978-81-8324-344-5 | pages = xv-xvii }}</ref> whereas Kibangwar Jamir (2016) lists 67 ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jamir |first1=Kibangwar |title=The Nagas with the three great nations |location=Dimapur, Nagaland |edition=1st}}</ref> The 1991 [[Census of India]] listed 35 Naga groups as Scheduled Tribes: 17 in Nagaland, 15 in Manipur and 3 in Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name="UAShimray_2007">{{cite book | title = Naga population and integration movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eBPRzDO-9KEC | author = U. A. Shimray | publisher = Mittal Publications | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-81-8324-181-6 | pages = 25–33 }}</ref>

== List of Naga ethnic groups ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Ethnic group
! Country
! Recognized as Scheduled Tribe by India in
! Population <ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.census.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/7019/download/10132/ST-13-PCA-A11-APPENDIX.xlsx |title=List of Scheduled Tribes - Nagaland |publisher=Census India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.census.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/7019/download/10132/ST-14-PCA-A11-APPENDIX.xlsx |title=List of Scheduled Tribes - Manipur |publisher=Census India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.census.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/7019/download/10132/ST-12-PCA-A11-APPENDIX.xlsx |title=List of Scheduled Tribes - Arunachal |publisher=Census India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.census.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/7019/download/10132/ST-18-PCA-A11-APPENDIX.xlsx |title=List of Scheduled Tribes - Assam |publisher=Census India}}</ref>
! Reference for classification as Naga
! Comments
|-
|[[Anāl Naga people|Anāl]]
|India, Myanmar
|Manipur
|72,509
|S.R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
|[[Angami Naga|Angami]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 141,732
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Ao Naga|Ao]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 226,625
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Chakhesang Naga|Chakhesang]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 154,874
|
|
|-
| [[Chang Naga|Chang]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 64,226
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
|[[Chirr Naga|Chirr]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 138
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Chiru Naga|Chiru]]
| India
| Manipur
| 8,599
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Chothe Naga people|Chothe]]
| India
| Manipur
| 3,585
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Inpui Naga people|Inpui]]
| India
| Manipur
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Kharam people|Kharam]] (also Purum)
| India
| Manipur
| 1,145
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Khiamniungan people|Khiamniungan]]
| Myanmar, India
| Nagaland
| 61,647
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Also known as Nokow (Noko) in Myanmar.
|-
| [[Konyak Naga|Konyak]]
| Myanmar, India
| Nagaland
| 205,458
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Lamkang Naga people|Lamkang]]
| India
| Manipur
| 7,770
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Lainong Naga|Lainong]]
| Myanmar
|
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Also known as Htang ngan
|-
|[[Liangmai Naga people|Liangmai]]
| India
| Nagaland, Manipur
|
|
| Part of Zeliangrong
|-
| [[Lotha Naga|Lotha]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 173,111
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Makury Naga|Makury]] (sometimes spelt Makuri)
| Myanmar, India
|
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Considered part of Yimkhiung in Nagaland, India
|-
| [[Mao Naga people|Mao]] (also Ememei)
| India
| Manipur
| 93,343
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Together with [Ekhramei|Khrasi ]<ref name="WilliamNepuni_2010"/>
|-
|[[Maram Naga people|Maram]]
| India
| Manipur
| 27,524
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Maring Naga people|Maring]]
| India
| Manipur
| 26,424
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Monsang Naga people|Monsang]]
| India
| Manipur
| 2,427
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Moyon Naga people|Moyon]]
| Myanmar, India
| Manipur
| 2,516
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Moyon Naga.<ref name="Sen1992">{{cite book |author=Sipra Sen |title=Tribes and Castes of Manipur: Description and Select Bibliography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQQNCU-QWBAC&pg=PA58 |year=1992 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-310-0 |page=58 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D3ZLAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk tales of Moyon-Monsang |page=1 |publisher=Directorate for Development of Tribals and Backward Classes, Manipur |year=1982 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpVXpfA663IC&pg=PA54 |title=Women of Manipur |author=G. K. Ghosh |author2=Shukla Ghosh |page=54 |isbn=9788170248972 |publisher=APH |year=1997 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Nocte people|Nocte]] (or Nokte)
| India
| Arunachal Pradesh
| 34,664
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Part of Tangshang Naga.
|-
| [[Para Naga|Para]]
| Myanmar
|
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Phom Naga|Phom]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 52,682
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Pochury Naga|Pochury]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 21,948
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Poumai Naga people|Poumai]]
| India
|Nagaland,
Manipur
| 127,381
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Rengma Naga|Rengma]]
| India
| Assam, Nagaland
| 62,951
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Rongmei Naga people|Rongmei]]
| India
| Assam, Manipur
| 170,800
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Part of Zeliangrong
|-
| [[Sangtam Naga|Sangtam]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 74,994
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Sümi Naga|Sümi]] (or Sema)
| India
| Nagaland
| 236,313
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Tangkhul Naga people|Tangkhul]]
| India, Myanmar
| Manipur
| 178,568
|
|
|-
| [[Tangsa Naga|Tangsa]] (or Tase in language coding name)
| India, Myanmar
| Arunachal Pradesh
| 15,295
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Known as Tangshang in Myanmar
|-
| [[Tarao Naga people|Tarao]]
| India
| Manipur
| 1,066
|S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Thangal Naga people|Thangal]]
| India
|Manipur
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
|[[Tikhir Naga|Tikhir]]
| India
| Nagaland
| 7,537
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Tutsa Naga|Tutsa]]
| India
| Arunachal Pradesh
|
| Robin Tribhuwan, 2005<ref name="Robin2005">{{cite book | author=Robin D. Tribhuwan | title=Tribal Housing Issues | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfOa19WlWLAC&pg=PA56 | accessdate=8 September 2013 | date=1 January 2005 | publisher=Discovery Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7141-917-3 | pages=56–}}</ref>
|It is a sub-tribe of Tangshang Naga.
|-
| [[Wancho Naga|Wancho]]
| India
| Arunachal Pradesh
| 56,886
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|| It is a sub-tribe of Tangshang Naga.
|-
| [[Yimkhiung Naga|Yimkhiung]]
| Myanmar, India
| Nagaland
| 66,972
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|
|-
| [[Zeme people|Zeme]]
| India
| Nagaland, Assam & Manipur
| 74,877
| S.R.Tohring
| Part of Zeliangrong Community
|}

<gallery>
File:Viswe–mi women.jpeg|Angami women
File:Aos 2219b.jpg|Ao woman in traditional attire
File:Koniak 0382b.jpg|A Konyak chief in his traditional outfit
File:Liangmai Dance.jpg|Liangmai youths performing folk dance during Road Show in Peren, Nagaland
File:Oral Literature in the Digital Age - 000103.jpg|A Pochury woman on a book cover
File:Nocte diorama.JPG|A diorama and [[wax figures]] of Nocte people in a museum
File:Glory Day celebration of the Poumai Naga.jpg|Glory Day celebration of the Poumai Naga
File:Tangkhul Chonchon.jpg|Tangkhul girl in a modern adaptation of the traditional dress
File:Tangsa diorama.JPG|A diorama and wax figures of Tangsa people in a museum
File:Wancho diorama.JPG|A diorama and wax figures of the Wancho people in a museum
File:Naga female by retlaw snellac.jpg|Yimkhiung girl at the Kutur village morung
File:GaanNgai 20140113 3 15.jpg|Rongmeis of Manipur during Gaan-Ngai 2014 at Keikhu, Kabui Village
</gallery>

== Naga ethnic groups with limited recognition ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Ethnic group
! Country
! State
! Reference for classification as Naga
! Comments
|-
| [[Khoibu (Uipo) Naga|Khoibu]]
| India
| Manipur
| Romesh Singh, 2006<ref name="Romesh2006">{{cite book | author=M. Romesh Singh | title=Tribal Development in 21st Century: An Experience from Manipur | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tek_ICRgARIC&pg=PA60 | accessdate=8 September 2013 | date=1 January 2006 | publisher=Mittal Publications | isbn=978-81-8324-150-2 | page=60}}</ref>
| Also considered as a clan of Maring
|-
| Heimi Naga (also Haimi)
| Myanmar
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
|Limited scope of former name of Tangshang
|-
| Pangmi Naga
| Myanmar
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Limited scope of former name of Tangshang
|-
| Muklom Naga
| India
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Clan of Tangsa/Tangshang Naga
|-
| Rangpang Naga
| India
| Arunachal Pradesh
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Limited scope of former name of Tangshang
|-
| [[Ollo Naga]] (Lazu)
| India
| Arunachal Pradesh
|
| Also considered as a clan of Nocte
|-
| Koka Naga (Goga)
| Myanmar
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| sometimes considered as a clan of Somra Tangkhul
|-
| [[Longphuri Naga]]
| Myanmar
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Also considered as a clan of Makury
|-
| Makyam Naga (Paung Nyuan)
| Myanmar
|
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Also considered as a clan of Khiamniungan Naga
|-
| Tikhak Naga
| India, Myanmar
| Arunachal Pradesh
| S. R. Tohring, 2010
| Also considered as a clan of Tangsa/Tangshang Naga
|}

== Composite ethnic groups or communities ==

=== Pakan ===
Anāl, Maring, Lamkang, Moyon, Monsang, Khoibu

=== Tangshang ===
A combination term, Tang from Tangnyu Vang (Wang) and Shang from Shangnyu Vang (Wang) chieftains, which were formerly known as and includes Heimi (Haimi), Pangmi, Rangpang, Tangsa, Wancho, Nocte, and Tutsa now.

=== Tenyimi ===
Angami, Chakhesang, Inpui, Mao, Maram, Pochury, Poumai, Rengma, Thangal, and Zeliangrong.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tenyimi Day message from TPO president |url=https://www.theindiapost.com/nation/nagaland/tenyimi-day-message-from-tpo-president/ |website=The India Post|date=22 February 2012 }}</ref>

''' Angami: ''' Chakhro Angami, Northern Angami, [[Southern Angami]], Western Angami

''' Chakhesang: '''
Chokri, Khezha and formerly Pochury (Southern Sangtam) combined<ref name="WilliamNepuni_2010">{{cite book | title = Socio-cultural history of Shüpfomei Naga tribe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXWiDcJwlCMC | author = William Nepuni | publisher = Mittal Publications | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-81-8324-307-0 | pages = 24–25 }}</ref>

''' Shepfomei or Shepoumai (Mao–Poumai): '''
Ememei, Lepaona, Chiliivai and Paomata together<ref name="WilliamNepuni_2010" />

''' Zeliangrong: '''
Zeme, Liangmai and Rongmei together<ref name="GKGhosh_Women_1997">{{cite book | title = Women of Manipur | author = G. K. Ghosh | author2 = Shukla Ghosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpVXpfA663IC | edition = illustrated | publisher = APH Publishing | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-81-7024-897-2 | page = 4 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Naga tribes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naga tribes}}
[[Category:Naga-related lists]]
[[Category:Naga people| Tribes]]
[[Category:Nagaland-related lists|Tribes]]

List of Naga ethnic groups - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 21:06, 30 August 2023