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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{short description|List of Tamil speaking monarchs around the world}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Multiple issues|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cleanup|reason=Too many vague unreferenced names|date=December 2021}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Unreliable sources|date=December 2021}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{TNhistory}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a list of [[Tamils|ethnically Tamil]] and predominantly [[Tamil language|Tamil speaking]] monarchs, who ruled in [[Southern India]] and parts of [[Sri Lanka]] and [[South East Asia]]. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{TOC limit|limit=3}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tamil royal titles==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039; Tribhuvana Chakravarti/Chakravarti(Emperor)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Perarasi/Mahadevi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Empress)&lt;br /&gt;
* Devar (King)&lt;br /&gt;
* Devi/kundhi (Queen)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Araiyan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  (head of stamping)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Arasi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Queen)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ilavarasi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Piratti&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Princess)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ilam-Ko&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ilavarasan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Prince)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kuru-nila Mannan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Chittrarasan&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Regional King)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Chittrarasi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Regional Queen)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Three Crowned Kings==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Three Crowned Kings}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:South India in Sangam Period Tamilakam.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Tamilakam]] in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Sangam Period]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The three crowned kings known as Muvendar were the traditional three Tamil dynasties that ruled the Tamilakam since the Sangam era.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Chera]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Chola]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Pandyan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1620 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Pandyan dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Pandya Kingdom (south India).png|thumb|Pandyan Empire at greatest extent]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Early Pandyans (c. 6th century BCE – 3rd century CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Early Pandyan Kingdom}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Koon Pandiyan]] ([[:ta:அரிகேசரி]]) &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nedunjeliyan I]] (he was mentioned in legend of [[Kannagi (Tamil mythology)|Kannagi]])&lt;br /&gt;
* Pudappandiyan&lt;br /&gt;
* Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nedunjeliyan II]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Nanmaran&lt;br /&gt;
* Nedunjeliyan III&lt;br /&gt;
* Maran Vazhudhi&lt;br /&gt;
* Kadalan Vazhudhi&lt;br /&gt;
* Mutriya Chezhiyan&lt;br /&gt;
* Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Imperial Pandyans (590–920 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kadungon]] (590–620 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maravarman Avani Culamani]] (620-645 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Jayantavarman]] (645-670 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arikesari Maravarman|Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran]] (670–710 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran]] (710–735 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha I|Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I]] (735–765 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Rasasingan II (790–800) CE&lt;br /&gt;
* Varagunan I (800–830 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Srimara Srivallabha]] (815–862 CE) &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Varagunavarman II]] (862–880 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maravarman Rajasimha II]] (900–920 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pandyans under Chola empire (920–1216 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Chola dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Sundara Pandyan I (920 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*Veera Pandyan I&lt;br /&gt;
*Veera Pandyan II&lt;br /&gt;
*Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa&lt;br /&gt;
*Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Jatavarman Chola Pandya&lt;br /&gt;
*Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)&lt;br /&gt;
*Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Parakrama Pandyan I]] (1161–1162 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*Kulasekara Pandyan III&lt;br /&gt;
*Vira Pandyan III&lt;br /&gt;
*Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Later Pandyans (1212–1345 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Parakrama Pandyan II]] (1212–1215 CE) &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II]] (1238–1240 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II]] (1238–1251 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1251–1268 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]] (1268–1308 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Tenkasi Pandyans (1422–1620 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Tenkasi Pandyas}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city [[Madurai]] to [[Delhi Sultanate]], and were forced to move their capital to [[Tirunelveli]] in southern [[Tamilakam]] and existed there as vassals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan]] (1473–1506 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Nelveli Maran (1552–1564 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kollankondan ( Approx 1620 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mutharaiyar (raiyar)(600 and 850 CE)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mutharaiyar dynasty is one of the royal dynasty in Tamil Nadu state of India. Mutharaiyars ruled Tanjore, Trichy and Pudukottai regions from 600 CE to 850 CE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Admirable accounts of Mutharaiyar kings are found in the Tamil epics [[Nālaṭiyār]] and Muthollaayiram&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kuvavan Maaran alias Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar I (650-680 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Maaran Parameswaran alias Ilangovadiaraiyan (680 -705 CE) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suvaran Maran alias [[Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II]] (705-745 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Videlviduku Satan Maran(745 -770 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Peradiarayan alias Marbiduku(770-791 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kuvavan Satan alias Videlviduku Mutharaiyar(791 -826 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
sandhan Pailiili(826 -851 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chola dynasty (c. 300 BCE – 1280 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Chola dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Rajendra map new.png|thumb|Chola Empire at greatest extent]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Legendary Chola rulers ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Legendary early Chola kings}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Early Chola rulers (c. 300 BCE – 850 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Early Cholas}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Karikaala Chozan Memorial Building (2).jpg|thumb|A bronze statue of [[Karikala Chola|Karikalan]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ellalan (monarch)|Ellalan]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kulakkottan]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ilamcetcenni]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Karikala Chola|Karikalan]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nedunkilli]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nalankilli]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Killivalavan]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kopperuncholan]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kocengannan]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Perunarkilli]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Imperial Chola Empire (850–1279 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Medieval Cholas|Later Cholas}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Raraja detail.png|thumb|A sculpture of [[Rajaraja Chola I]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vijayalaya Chola]] (848–881)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aditya I|Aditya]] (871–907)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Parantaka I]] (907–955)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gandaraditya]] (950–957)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arinjaya]] (956–957)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Parantaka Chola II]] (957–970)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Uttama Chola]] (973–985)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1014–1044)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajadhiraja Chola I]] (1018–1054)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajendra Chola II]] (1054–1063)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Virarajendra Chola]] (1063–1070)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Athirajendra Chola]] (1067–1070)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kulottunga Chola I]] (1071–1122)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vikrama Chola]] (1118–1135)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kulothunga Chola II]] (1133–1150)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajaraja Chola II]] (1146–1163)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajadiraja Chola II]] (1163–1178)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kulottunga Chola III]] (1178–1218)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajaraja Chola III]] (1216–1246)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajendra Chola III]] (1246–1279), last of the imperial Cholas&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Chera dynasty (c. 300 BCE – 1528 CE) ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Chera dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:South India in early 11th century AD.jpg|thumb|South India &amp;amp; location of Cheras in west]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Early Chera kingdom (c. 3rd century BCE – 4th century CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Chera coin (ancient south India) (cropped).jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend &amp;quot;Makkotai&amp;quot;|147x147px]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Kuttuvankotai-cash.jpg|thumb|A Chera coin with legend &amp;quot;Kuttuvan Kotai&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Uthiyan Cheralathan|Uthiyan Cheral Athan]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan|Nedum Cheral Athan]] &lt;br /&gt;
*Palyani Sel Kelu Kuttuvan&lt;br /&gt;
*Narmudi Cheral&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Senguttuvan|Vel Kelu Kuttuvan (Senguttuvan Chera)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan&lt;br /&gt;
*Selva Kadumko Valia Athan&lt;br /&gt;
*Anthuvan Cheral&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral|Perum Cheral Irumporai]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Illam Cheral Irumporai&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral|Mantharan Cheral Irumporai]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Kanaikkal Irumporai&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== From inscriptions ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Ko Athan Cheral Irumporai&lt;br /&gt;
*Perum Kadungo Irumporai&lt;br /&gt;
*Ilam Kadungo Irumporai&lt;br /&gt;
*Kadummi Pudha Chera&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== From inscribed coins ====&lt;br /&gt;
*Mak-kothai&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuttuvan Kothai&lt;br /&gt;
*Kollippurai/Kollippurai&lt;br /&gt;
*Kol Irumporai&lt;br /&gt;
*Sa Irumporai&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kongu Chera dynasty (c. 400–844 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Kongu Chera dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ravi Kotha&lt;br /&gt;
* Kantan Ravi&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Kotha&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Narayana&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Chola&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Kerala&lt;br /&gt;
* Amara Bhujanga Deva&lt;br /&gt;
* Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chera Perumal dynasty of Makotai (c. 844–1124 CE) ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Chera Perumals of Makotai}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sthanu Ravi Varma|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (844–870 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Kulasekhara Alvar]]/Kulasekhara Varma&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Rama Rajasekhara]] (870–883 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Cheraman Perumal Nayanar]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Goda Ravi|Kotha Ravi]] (905–943 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rama Varma Kulashekhara|Rama Kulasekhara]] (1089–1122 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kotha Varma Marthandam (1122–1124 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Venadu Chera/Kulasekhara dynasty (c. 1124–1528 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Venad (kingdom)}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Kerala Varma I (1124–1145 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195– ?)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Ravi Varma (1299–1313 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vira Ravi Ravi Varma]] (1484–1503 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1528 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Pallava Feudatories (c. 275–897 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Pallava dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Greater Pallavas.png|thumb|left|Greatest extent of Pallava Empire, during the reign of Narasimhavarman I (630-668 CE)]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:I37 Pallavas Narasimhavarman 1 (8097362987).jpg|thumb|A Pallava coin with lion insigne of [[Narasimhavarman I]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Early Pallavas===&lt;br /&gt;
* Virakurcha (275–300), founder of dynasty&lt;br /&gt;
* Simha Varman I, Provincial governor of Palnadu region of Andhra&lt;br /&gt;
* Siva Skanda Varman I (300–325)&lt;br /&gt;
* Buddhavarman (325–340)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vishnugopavarman (340–350)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Middle Pallavas===&lt;br /&gt;
* Kumaravisnu I (c. 345–360)&lt;br /&gt;
* Skanda Varman II (c. 360–380)&lt;br /&gt;
* Vira Varman (c. 380–400)&lt;br /&gt;
* Skanda Varman III (c. 400–436)&lt;br /&gt;
* Simha Varman I (c. 436–477)&lt;br /&gt;
* Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa, Brother of Simhavarman I, Provincial governor of Andhra&lt;br /&gt;
* Skanda Varman IV (c. 477–490)&lt;br /&gt;
* Nandi Varman I (c. 490–500)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)&lt;br /&gt;
* Buddha Varman (c. 510–525)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kumaravisnu III (c. 525–545)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Later Pallavas===&lt;br /&gt;
* Simha Varman III (c. 545–554)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Simhavishnu]] (554–590)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mahendravarman I]] (590–630)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Narasimhavarman I]] (Mamalla) (630–668)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mahendravarman II]] (668–669)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Paramesvaravarman I]] (669–691)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Narasimhavarman II]] (Raja Simha) (691–728)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Paramesvaravarman II]] (728–731)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nandivarman II]] (Pallavamalla) (731–796)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dantivarman]] (775–825)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nandivarman III]] (825–869)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nriputungavarman|Nirupathungan]] (869–882)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aparajitavarman]] (882–897), last Pallava ruler&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ay chieftains==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Ay Kingdom}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ay chieftains (early historic)===&lt;br /&gt;
* Ay Andiran&lt;br /&gt;
* Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)&lt;br /&gt;
* Ay Atiyan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Medieval Ay kings===&lt;br /&gt;
* Chadayan Karunanthan&lt;br /&gt;
* Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vikramaditya Varaguna]] (r. 884–911 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mushika Rulers ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Mushika Kingdom}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Early rulers===&lt;br /&gt;
* Ezhimala Nannan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Medieval rulers===&lt;br /&gt;
* Validhara Vikkirama Rama (c. 929 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kantan Karivarman alias Iramakuta Muvar (c. 1020 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Mushikesvara Chemani/Jayamani (c. 1020 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* Utaiya-varma alias Ramakuta Muvar (early 12th century CE)&lt;br /&gt;
==Kadava Chieftains (c.1216-1279 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Kadava dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kopperunchinga I]] (1216 - 1246 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kopperunchinga II]] (1243 - 1279 CE)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Jaffna Chieftains (c. 1277–1619 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Jaffna Kingdom}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Jaffna Royal family.jpeg|thumb|Image of [[Singai Parasasekaran]], his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and [[Cankili I]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan]] (1277–1284)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan]] (1284–1292)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vickrama Cinkaiariyan]] (1292–1302)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Varodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1302–1325)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Martanda Cinkaiariyan]] (1325–1348)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan]] (1348–1371)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Virodaya Cinkaiariyan]] (1371–1380)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1380–1410)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1410–1440)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan]] (1440–1450 &amp;amp; 1467–1478)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Singai Pararasasegaram]] (1478–1519)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cankili I]] (1519–1561)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Puviraja Pandaram]] (1561–1565 &amp;amp; 1582–1591) &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran]] (1565–1570)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Periyapillai]] (1565–1582)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ethirimana Cinkam]] (1591–1617)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cankili II]] Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/family_tree1.php|title= genealogy of the royal house of jaffna}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rajahs of Ramnad  (c. 1601–1949 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Ramnad estate}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;List of Sethupathi rulers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Chieftains With the Madurai Nayaks (c. 1601–1677)===&lt;br /&gt;
* Udaiyan Sethupathi (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sadaikkan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) (1601–1623)&lt;br /&gt;
* Koottan Sethupathi (1623–1635)&lt;br /&gt;
* Dalavai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1635–1645)&lt;br /&gt;
* Thirumalai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1646–1676)&lt;br /&gt;
* Raja Suriya Sethupathi (1676)&lt;br /&gt;
* Aathana Raghunatha Sethupathi (1677)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Imperial rulers (c. 1678–1795 CE) ===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raghunatha Kilavan|Raghunatha Kilavan Sethupathi]] (1678–1710)&lt;br /&gt;
* Muthu Vairavanatha Sethupathi I (1710–1712)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I| Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi]] (1713–1725)&lt;br /&gt;
* Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1725)&lt;br /&gt;
* Bavani Sangara Sethupathi (1725–1727)&lt;br /&gt;
* Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1735)&lt;br /&gt;
* Sivakumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1735–1747)&lt;br /&gt;
* Rakka Thevar Sethupathi (1748)&lt;br /&gt;
* Sella Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1749–1762)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Muthuramalinga Sethupathi|Muthuramalinga Vijaya Ragunatha Sethupathi]] I (1762–1772 or 1781–1795)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Rulers of princely state under British Raj (c. 1795–1949 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
====As King====&lt;br /&gt;
* Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1803)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== As Zamindars====&lt;br /&gt;
* Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1803–1807)&lt;br /&gt;
* Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)&lt;br /&gt;
* Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)&lt;br /&gt;
* Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830–1846)&lt;br /&gt;
* Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II]] (1862–1873)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Court of Wards (India)|Court of Wards]] (1873–1889)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bhaskara Sethupathy]] (1889–1903)&lt;br /&gt;
* Dinakara Sethupathy &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1903–1929)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi]] (1929–1949)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rajahs of Pudukkottai (c. 1686–1948 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Pudukkottai state}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman]] (1686–1730), first ruler&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I]] (1730–1769)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (1769–December 1789)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (December 1789–February 1, 1807)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II]] (February 1, 1807–June 1825)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raghunatha Tondaiman]] (June 1825–July 13, 1839)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ramachandra Tondaiman]] (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman]] (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rajagopala Tondaiman]] (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947), last ruler&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rajahs of Sivaganga (CE 1725–1947 CE)==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Sivaganga estate}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), first ruler&lt;br /&gt;
* Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Velu Nachiyar]] (1780–1790)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vellacci]] (1790–1793)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, p.720&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last ruler&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Velir Rulers==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Velirs}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Athiyamān]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Athiyamān Nedumān Añci]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Irunkōvēl]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Malayamān]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vēl Pāri]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ilanji Vel]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Later chieftains ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Palaiyakkarar}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Puli Thevar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maruthu Pandiyar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Vijaya Nagar Nayaka paalayakars==&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Nayaka dynasties|Nayak (title)}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nayaks, Nayakas or Nayakars were a Telugu-origin dynasty that established themselves after the fall of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] as sovereign rulers of Tamil territories and replaced the indigenous Tamil dynasties like Cholas and Pandyans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Gingee palyam (1509–1649 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Nayaks of Gingee}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521), first ruler&lt;br /&gt;
*Chennappa Nayaka&lt;br /&gt;
*Gangama Nayaka&lt;br /&gt;
*Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka&lt;br /&gt;
*Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka&lt;br /&gt;
*Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka&lt;br /&gt;
*Varadappa Nayaka&lt;br /&gt;
*Ramalinga Nayani vaaru&lt;br /&gt;
*Venkata Perumal Naidu&lt;br /&gt;
*Periya Ramabhadra Naidu&lt;br /&gt;
*Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649), last ruler&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Madurai palayam (1529–1736 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Madurai Nayak dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Nagama Nayaka, first ruler&lt;br /&gt;
*Viswanatha Nayaka&lt;br /&gt;
*Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)&lt;br /&gt;
*Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)&lt;br /&gt;
*Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)&lt;br /&gt;
*Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)&lt;br /&gt;
*Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)&lt;br /&gt;
*Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)&lt;br /&gt;
*Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)&lt;br /&gt;
*Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mangammal]] (1689–1704)&lt;br /&gt;
*Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)&lt;br /&gt;
*Queen Meenakshi, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736), last ruler&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Thanjavur palayam (1532–1673 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Thanjavur Nayak kingdom}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sevappa Nayak]] (1532–1580), first ruler&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–1634)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] (1634–1673), last ruler&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Rajahs of Kandy (1739–1815 CE)===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Nayaks of Kandy}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Vijaya Rajasinha]] (reigned 1739–1747), first ruler&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kirti Sri Rajasinha]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]], last ruler&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tamil Raiyars==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte]] (aka Chempaha Perumal)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kadava dynasty]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Alagakkonara]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sambuvaraya]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Akkarayan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Pandara Vanniyan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Magadai|Magadai Mandalam]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Valvil Ori]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sena and Guttika]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Five Dravidians]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Six Dravidians]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Valai Vannan (A [[Naga people (Lanka)|Nakar]] king, who was mentioned in [[Manimekalai]]).&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan]] was a vassal and brother-in-law of [[Rajaraja Chola I]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[History of South India]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[History of Tamil Nadu]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[History of Kerala]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[History of Sri Lanka]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tamil monarchs| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists of monarchs in Asia|T]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists of Indian monarchs|T]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>NewtonKelson9</name></author>
	</entry>
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