Manoj at 06:35, 25 November 2025

2025-11-25T06:35:06Z

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The [[line of control]] which lies between the Indian and Pakistani controlled parts of the former princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] is the de facto boundary which is generally respected by both sides. Indian and Pakistani troops have on occasion tried to alter the areas under their control in large scale operations. There have also been punitive expeditions across the border.

Acts of brutality and mutilation are a regular occurrence along the Line of Control. Armed teams of soldiers and militants are known to cross the border, outnumber a post and inflict heavy casualties and utilize beheading as an act of humiliation. Both sides have blamed each other for carrying out such cross-border attacks and denied their participation in such raids.<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/world/asia/kashmir-jammu-india-pakistan-beheadings.html|title=Beheadings and Vengeance: A Cycle of Killing on a Border in Kashmir|date=15 May 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516030438/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/world/asia/kashmir-jammu-india-pakistan-beheadings.html|archive-date=16 May 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/overcoming-india-and-pakistans-perpetual-standoff-in-kashmir/|title=Overcoming India and Pakistan's Perpetual Standoff in Kashmir|last=Diplomat|first=Amina Afzal, The|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2018-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Lieutenant general|Lt. Gen.]] [[H. S. Panag]], a former Indian army general, states that the Indian military usually used to conceal the incidents of beheading of Indian soldiers. However, nowadays it is becoming increasing difficult to conceal these incidents as soldiers and even porters working at military post have mobile phones.<ref name="nytimes"/> Indian media reports that from 1998 to 2003, Pakistan military conducted around 21 [[Raid (military)|raids]] in Indian territories. Around 41 Indian soldiers were killed and 76 were injured in those raids.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2003/oct/01jk.htm|title=Pakistani soldiers raid Indian territories|date=1 October 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022024127/https://m.rediff.com/news/2003/oct/01jk.htm|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Since 2021, India and Pakistan agreed to a ceasefire<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Statement |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1700682 |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> and such incidents have not been reported since.

==List of military operations across the LOC==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Incident
! Date
! Description
! Remarks
|-
| [[Operation Meghdoot]]
| 13 April 1984
| India successfully occupied all of the Siachen Glacier.
| India received intelligence that Pakistan was planning to occupy the Siachen glacier <ref name="time-war">{{cite news |date=4 July 2005 |title=War at the Top of the World |work=Time Magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1079528,00.html |accessdate=2011-12-30}}</ref> and executed an operation to deny the territory. This sparked a confrontation which has continued ever since.
|-
| The [[Kargil War]]
| May–July 1999
| Pakistan tried to occupy Indian territory, to gain tactical advantage.
| Pakistani army soldiers and militants infiltrated positions on the Indian side of the LOC<ref name = "Globalsecurity">{{cite web| url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm|title=1999 Kargil Conflict|work=GlobalSecurity.org|publisher=| accessdate=20 May 2009}}</ref> in an attempt to occupy strategic peaks, but failed and withdrew after an Indian counter-offensive.
|-
| Chamb raid
| 22 January 2000
| Indian army personnel raided a Pakistani post in Chamb sector.
| Indian soldiers attacked a Pakistan Army post after midnight from three directions in the Iftikharabad sub-sector in the Chamb area. Seven Pakistani soldiers were captured and killed in the attack which was seen as a retaliation for the loss of Lt.[[Saurabh Kalia]] and 4 soldiers of 4 jat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/limited-war.htm|title=Preparing for Limited War|website=www.defencejournal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/surgical-strikes-india-pakistan-un-indian-army-terrorists-lashkar-e-taiba-345139-2016-10-05|title=India's surgical record has 10 more cross-LoC hits to its credit}}</ref>
|-
| [[Beheading of Bhausaheb Maruti Talekar|Ashok Listening Post attack]]
| 27 February 2000
| Pakistani Soldiers attacked an Indian Post.
| The Pakistani Special Services Group (SSG) conducted an operation in which 7 soldiers of the [[Maratha Light Infantry|17 Maratha Light Infantry]] manning the post were killed, and a soldier by the name of [[Beheading of Bhausaheb Maruti Talekar|Bhausaheb Maruti Talekar]] was beheaded. His head was taken back to Pakistan as a trophy.<ref name="TOI01">{{cite news|last1=Joseph|first1=Josy|title=Pak cross-LoC raid: Brutality similar to 2000 strike by Ilyas Kashmiri|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pak-cross-LoC-raid-Brutality-similar-to-2000-strike-by-Ilyas-Kashmiri/articleshow/17961775.cms|accessdate=30 September 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Attack on Indian military listening post in [[Poonch district, India|Poonch sector]]
| August 2000
| Pakistan's special forces attack an Indian military post.
| Pakistan's special forces conducted an attack on an Indian military post in Poonch sector, killing three Indian soldiers and injuring seven others. Indian officials believe that the attack was in retaliation against an Indian army attack on a Pakistani post in Chamb.<ref name="rediffnews"/>
|-
| Akbar post raid
| August 2000
| Indian soldiers raided a Pakistani post
| An officer and thirteen soldiers of the Pakistani army were killed in a raid carried out by Indian troops following the end of the Kargil War. The slain officer was the son of a high ranking officer in Pakistani army.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/2016-surgical-strike-was-not-indias-first-here-are-the-previous-ones/313158 | title = 2016 Surgical Strike Was Not India's First, Here Are The Previous Ones | date = 6 July 2018 | work = outlookindia.com }}</ref>
|-
| Attack on Indian military listening post in Uri sector of [[Baramulla]] district
| February 2003
| Pakistan's Border Action Team (BAT) attacked an Indian post.
| Pakistan's Border Action Team conducted a raid on an Indian army listening post in the [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri sector]] of the [[Baramulla]] district. Around four Indian soldiers were killed.<ref name="rediffnews">{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2003/oct/01jk.htm|title=Pakistani soldiers raid Indian territories|date=1 October 2003|work=Rediff}}</ref>
|-
| Pakistani post near Bhimber Gali in [[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch]] attacked.
| 18 September 2003
| Indian soldiers attacked Pakistani post.
| A [[Junior commissioned officer|JCO]] and three soldiers were killed in the attack. One soldier was allegedly decapitated, and his head was carried off as a trophy. Pakistan Lodged a complaint with the [[UNMOGIP]].<ref name="TH04">{{cite news|last1=Swami|first1=Praveen|title=Locked in U.N. files, 15 years of bloodletting at LoC|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/locked-in-un-files-15-years-of-bloodletting-at-loc/article4358199.ece|accessdate=4 October 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
| Kranti post near Salhotri village in Poonch was attacked.
| 5 June 2008
| Pakistani soldiers attacked Indian post.
| A soldier in the 2-8 Gurkha Regiment, Jawashwar Chhame, was killed.<ref name="TH04"/>
|-
| Pakistani post near Bhattal sector in Poonch attacked.
| 19 June 2008
| Indian soldiers attacked Pakistani post.
| Pakistan lodged a complaint with the UNMOGIP that Indian troops entered into [[Pakistan administered Kashmir]], beheaded a soldier, and carried his head across. Four Pakistani soldiers allegedly died in the raid.<ref name="TH04"/>
|-
| Indian army post in Gugaldhar ridge in [[Kupwara]] attacked
| 30 July 2011
| Pakistan's Border Action Team (BAT) conducted the attack across the LoC
| Pakistan's Border Action Team (BAT) attacked an Indian military post in Kupwara, killing 6 Indian soldiers belonging to 19 Rajput battalion and 20 Kumaon battalion.<ref name="nytimes"/> Two Indian soldiers of 20 Kumaon Regiment were beheaded by Pakistani Border Action Team (BAT) troops. Their heads were taken as a trophy. The attacking team took back the heads of Havildar Jaipal Singh Adhikari and Lance Naik Devender Singh of 20 [[Kumaon Regiment|Kumaon]].<ref name="TH05">{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Vijaita|title=Operation Ginger: Tit-for-tat across the Line of Control|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/operation-ginger-titfortat-across-the-line-of-control/article9202758.ece|accessdate=11 October 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Operation Ginger]] Sharda sector, across the Neelam river valley in Kel.
| 29 August 2011
| Indian para commandos conducted a covert strike across the border
| Pakistani soldiers Subedar Parvez, Havildar Aftab and Naik Imran were beheaded, and their heads and rank insignias brought to India.<ref name="TH05"/><ref name="FP02">{{cite news|title=Operation Ginger: Indian Army's surgical strikes in 2011 killed eight Pakistani soldiers|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/operation-ginger-indian-armys-surgical-strikes-in-2011-killed-eight-pakistani-soldiers-3042386.html|accessdate=11 October 2016|agency=IANS|publisher=First Post|date=9 October 2016}}</ref> Pakistan complained to the UNMOGIP that three soldiers, including a JCO were killed.<ref name="TH04"/>
|-
| Beheading of Lance Naik Hemraj
| 8 January 2013
| Pakistani soldiers crossed the LoC and ambushed Indian soldiers.
| Lance Naik Hemraj and Lance Naik Sudhakar Singh were killed. Indian officials claimed that both bodies were mutilated, and that Hemraj was decapitated.<ref name="HT02">{{cite news|title=India 'gave befitting reply' to soldier beheading|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/india-gave-befitting-reply-to-soldier-beheading/story-CA33yqSfRuKEC4V0et7zkM.html|accessdate=3 October 2016|agency=IANS|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> Indian troops failed to recover the head even after a search of the area. India believes the Pakistanis took the head of Hemraj when they retreated.<ref name="ToI03">{{cite news|last1=Pandit|first1=Rajat|last2=Joseph|first2=Josy|title=Pak troops kill two jawans, behead, mutilate one of them|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pak-troops-kill-two-jawans-behead-mutilate-one-of-them/articleshow/17945868.cms|accessdate=1 October 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="ZN01">{{cite news|last1=Arora|first1=Kamna|title=Ilyas Kashmiri still alive inside Pakistani troops|url=http://zeenews.india.com/blog/ilyas-kashmiri-still-alive-inside-pakistani-troops_5974.html|accessdate=1 October 2016|publisher=Zee News|date=11 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="BBC01">{{cite news|title=India says Pakistan 'beheaded' Kashmir soldier|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-20954975|accessdate=3 October 2016|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="NT01">{{cite news|last1=Ahmad|first1=Faiz|title=UN probing killing of Pakistani soldier in Kashmir; no complaint by India|url=http://www.nationalturk.com/en/un-probing-killing-of-pakistani-soldier-in-kashmir-no-complaint-by-india-31852/|accessdate=4 October 2016|publisher=National Turk|date=10 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|Sarla post of Indian Army in Chakandabad Bagh area of Poonch sector
|6 August 2013
|Pakistani Border Action Team ambushed an Indian Army demolition patrol
|Indian officials claimed that 20 armed militants, along with Pakistani Army soldiers, carried out an ambush and killed 5 soldiers of the [[Bihar Regiment|21 Bihar]]. Pakistani officials denied any involvement in the incident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/pakistan-denies-involvement-in-attack-on-indian-post-497025|title=Pakistan Denies Involvement in Attack on Indian Post|last=Chandwani|first=Karuna|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=2018-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/indian-security-forces-attacked-in-disputed-territory/1724131.html|title=India Accuses Pakistan of Killing 5 Soldiers in Kashmir|last=Pasricha|first=Anjana|work=VOA|access-date=2018-10-08|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/five-indian-soldiers-killed-along-border-with-pakistan/2013/08/06/6e571078-fe83-11e2-8294-0ee5075b840d_story.html|title=Five Indian soldiers killed along border with Pakistan|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2018-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/pak-troops-attack-indian-post-at-loc-5-soldiers-killed/20130806.htm|title=5 Indian soldiers killed in Pak ambush at LoC|work=Rediff|access-date=2018-10-08}}</ref>
|-
| [[2016 India–Pakistan military confrontation]]
| 28 September 2016
| Indian Para commandos stuck multiple terrorist launch pads along the LoC
| India conducted "[[surgical strike]]s" against alleged militant launch pads across the [[Line of Control]] in Pakistani-Administered Kashmir, and inflicted "significant casualties".<ref name="DGMO">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html|title=India's surgical strikes across LoC: Full statement by DGMO Lt Gen Ranbir Singh|work=Hindustan Times|date=29 September 2016|accessdate=2 October 2016}}</ref> Indian media reported the casualty figures variously, from 35 to 50.<ref name="FE">{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/uri-avenged-35-40-terrorists-9-pakistani-soldiers-killed-in-indian-surgical-strikes-say-tv-reports/397625/|date=29 September 2016|title=Uri avenged: 35-40 terrorists, 9 Pakistani soldiers killed in Indian surgical strikes}}</ref><ref name="para_commandos">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uri-avenged-inside-story-indian-army-surgical-strikes-pok-343995-2016-09-29 | title=Surgical strikes in PoK: How Indian para commandos killed 50 terrorists, hit 7 camps | publisher=India Today | date=29 September 2016 | access-date=1 October 2016 }}</ref><ref name="buries">{{cite news|title=Uri Pay Back: Pakistan buries dead terrorists, leaving no evidence for India's Surgical Strike|url=http://www.indialivetoday.com/uri-pay-back-pakistan-buries-dead-terrorists-leaving-no-evidence-for-indias-surgical-strike/39701.html|work=India Live Today|date=30 September 2016|accessdate=30 September 2016|first=Renu|last=Ratheesh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001201558/http://www.indialivetoday.com/uri-pay-back-pakistan-buries-dead-terrorists-leaving-no-evidence-for-indias-surgical-strike/39701.html|archive-date=1 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pakistan denied Indian claims.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/pakistan-denies-india-carried-surgical-strikes-160929165646369.html|title=Surgical strikes: Pakistan rejects India's claims|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2018-10-22}}</ref>
|-
|Indian patrol attacked in Krishna Gati sector of Poonch district
|2 May 2017
|Pakistan Border Action Team (BAT) ambushed an Indian patrol along the LoC
|India claimed that a Border Action Team (BAT) of the Pakistan Army ambushed a patrol of about 9-10 soldiers from the 22 [[Sikh Regiment]] of the Indian Army and 200 battalion of the Border Security Force. The ambush took place about 200–250 metres deep inside Indian territory, and bodies of two soldiers were mutilated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/blow-by-blow-account-heres-how-the-barbaric-attack-unfolded-1388571.html|title=Pakistan Army Set Up Death Trap to Carry Out Barbaric Border Attack|accessdate=2 May 2017|publisher=News 18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pakistan-kills-mutilates-two-indian-soldiers-along-loc-army-calls-incident-despicable/story-Qa97ITLxaYxNeWkrDmF2XM.html|title=Pakistan kills, mutilates two Indian soldiers, army calls incident 'despicable'|accessdate=2 May 2017|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/an-ambush-250-metres-inside-indian-territory-how-the-pakistan-army-carried-out-the-attack/story-4652mIvVQ4Z2aXIoAcv4wI.html|title='A planned operation': How Pakistan army carried out an attack 250 metres inside Indian territory|accessdate=28 May 2017|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/naib-subedar-paramjit-singh-prem-sagar-mutilation-indian-army-prepared-to-avenge-barbaric-pakistan-act-2092558/|title=Naib Subedar Paramjit Singh, BSF head constable Prem Sagar mutilation: Indian Army prepared to avenge barbaric Pakistan act|accessdate=3 May 2017|publisher=India.com}}</ref>
|-
|Indian army patrol party attacked in Keri sector
|23 December 2017
|Pakistan border Action Team (BAT) attacked Indian patrol party
|India claimed that a Border Action Team (BAT) of the Pakistan Army crossed 400m across the LoC to target a patrol party of the Indian Army. The attack resulted in the death of 4 Indian soldiers, including a major.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/major-prafulla-moharkar-last-rites-performed-in-maharashtra-village-he-was-killed-in-cross-border-at-1792776|title=Last Rites Performed For Major Prafulla Moharkar Who Was Killed In Cross-Border Attack By Pak Troops|accessdate=27 December 2017|publisher=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/nagpur+today+english-epaper-nagpure/slain+major+prafulla+moharkar+given+last+salute+in+his+village-newsid-78825556|title=Slain major Prafulla Moharkar given last salute in his village|accessdate=27 December 2017|publisher=Daily Hunt}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/report/indian-army-crosses-over-loc-kills-pakistani-soldiers/20171226.htm|title=Indian Army commandos cross over LoC, kill 3 Pakistani soldiers|accessdate=26 December 2017|publisher=Rediff}}</ref>
|-
|Pakistani patrol attacked at a temporary post in Rukh Chakri sector in Rawlakot
|25 December 2017
|Ghatak commandos ambushed a Pakistani patrol at a temporary post
|India claimed that a team of 4–5 Ghatak commandos of Poonch Brigade under 25 Division crossed over about 200–300m across the LoC and attacked a Pakistani patrol consisting of 8–10 men in a retaliatory strike. The Indian commandos placed an IED at a temporary post and killed 3 soldiers, 1 major and 2 soldiers, and injured 1 soldier of the 59 Baloch regiment. Pakistan Foreign office denied that Indians had crossed the LoC, and claimed that 3 soldiers had died and 1 injured in response to an IED blast caused by "non-state actors".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-crosses-over-loc-kills-three-pak-soldiers/articleshow/62248583.cms|title=Indian Army kills 3 Pakistani soldiers in cross border operations in J&K|website=Economic Times|language=en|date=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/cross-loc-raid-kills-3-pak-jawans/cid/1330468|title='Cross-LoC' raid kills 3 Pak jawans|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/174664-in-the-line-of-duty-the-uniformed-martyrs-of-2017|title=In the line of duty: The uniformed martyrs of 2017|date=31 December 2017|work=Geo News}}</ref>
|-
|Indian army team attacked along International border (IB)
|28 September 2018
|Border action team (BAT) attack Indian soldiers
| A Pakistani military post attacked an Indian military team near the international border. As a result, the team retreated and later realized that 1 of its soldiers was missing. The missing soldier was later found dead. Indian military officials claim that the missing soldier was killed by the Border Action Team (BAT), which had crossed the border to attack the Indian soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/jawan-killed-in-bat-action-and-not-mutilated-reserve-right-to-retaliate-bsf-chief/articleshow/65997860.cms|title=Jawan killed in BAT action and not mutilated, reserve right to retaliate: BSF Chief|access-date=28 September 2018|publisher=Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/pakistan-more-aggressive-on-border-since-imran-khan-took-charge-says-bsf-dg-1892719.html|title=Pakistan More Aggressive on Border Since Imran Khan Took Charge, Says BSF DG|accessdate=28 September 2018|publisher=News 18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/report/will-soon-take-retaliatory-action-against-pak-bsf/20180928.htm|title=Will soon take retaliatory action against Pak: BSF|accessdate=28 September 2018|publisher=Rediff}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Military history of India]]

List of cross LOC military operations - Revision history

Manoj at 06:35, 25 November 2025