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{{short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
[[Image:airports and seaports map.png|thumb|Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India|319x319px]]

In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (minor ports). As of 2024, the country has 14 major ports<ref name="GalatheaBay"/> and 217 non-major ports. Major ports are administered by the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)|Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] under the [[Government of India]], whereas non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective [[State governments of India|state governments]], including private ports operating under the [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by [[fishing vessel]]s and [[ferries]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Assistance of approx of about Rs. 1891 crore released under Sagarmala schemes, 151 projects sanctioned till date |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1885078 |publisher=Pib.gov.in |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=20 December 2022}}</ref>

India has a coastline of 11,098 kilometres,<ref>{{Cite web | title=MHA: India's recalculated coastline up 48% in 53 years {{!}} India News - Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mha-indias-recalculated-coastline-up-48-in-53-years/articleshow/116927468.cms | access-date=2025-09-21 | website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> forming one of the largest [[peninsula]]s in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.<ref>|url=https://shipmin.gov.in/sites/default/files/Cargo%20handled%20at%20Major%20Ports%20January%202025%20%281%29.pdf</ref> [[Paradip Port]] is the largest container port in India.

Due to the shallow depth of its east coast ports (8-12 meters),<ref name=transhp1/> India is unable to accommodate large ships,<ref name=transhp2/> causing 25% of its cargo to be diverted to deeper foreign ports<ref name=transhp3/> and resulting in an annual economic loss of Rs 1,500-4,500 crore.<ref name=transhp4/> In 2024, the upcoming [[International Container Transshipment Port, Galathea Bay]] was notified as India's 13th major port. Its first phase of development is expected to be commissioned in 2028.<ref name="GalatheaBay">{{cite news |last1=Simhan |first1=T. E. Raja |title=Galathea Bay: New major port can be game changer |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/galathea-bay-new-major-port-can-be-game-changer/article68776059.ece |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Business Line]] |date=20 October 2024}}</ref> [[Port Blair]], which was notified as a major port in 2010, was later removed. The ports are spread across [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="ffgasjk">{{cite web|url=http://shipmin.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=16&lid=64|title=MoS, GoI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205104458/http://shipmin.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=16&lid=64|archive-date=5 February 2016|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref> Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established [[Sagar Mala project]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet gives 'in principle' nod to concept of Sagarmala project|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015754/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-27/news/60475179_1_waterways-varanasi-haldia-port-led-development|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=4 July 2015|publisher=Economic Times, Times of India|date=27 March 2015}}</ref> and National Maritime Development Program.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2015|title=National Maritime Development Programme|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=133484|access-date=2022-02-03|website=|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>

==Shipping in India==

According to [[Constitution of India]], [[maritime transport]] is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's [[Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (India)|shipping ministry]] administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[West Bengal]]. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving [[public–private partnership]].

The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Gateway|date=2019-04-05|title=GMB ports handle 400 mmt of cargo in 2018-19|url=http://www.maritimegateway.com/gmb-ports-handle-400-mmt-cargo-2018-19/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Maritime Gateway}}</ref> Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/maharashtra-maritime-board-sets-record-of-handling-71-mn-tons-of-cargo-in-2022-23/99192607 | title=Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022-23 - ET Infra }}</ref>

===Capacity===

The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/cargo-handling-capacity-of-ports-to-rise-in-2024/articleshow/102203883.cms?from=mdr | title=Cargo handling capacity of ports to rise in 2024 | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=28 July 2023 | last1=Rajan | first1=Jessica }}</ref> The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1896934 | title=Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 estimates investments of Rs. 1,00,000–1,25,000 crore for capacity augmentation and development of world-class infrastructure at Indian Ports }}</ref> [[Mundra Port]] is the largest port as well as the highest capacity port in India, and it is also the largest container port by volume. It has a capacity to handle 338 MMT (Million Metric Tons) of cargo annually. [[Paradip Port]] has the 2nd highest cargo capacity of 150 MMT. [[Kandla Port]] has 3rd highest capacity.

===Ship building===
{{See also|List of Indian shipbuilders and shipyards}}
[[File:Eilat_20-05-2012_MV_Goa.JPG|thumb|MV Goa built by [[Hindustan Shipyard]] in 1997 for [[Shipping Corporation of India|SCI]]]]
India has been building large ships after the independence using companies like [[Hindustan Shipyard]], [[Pipavav Shipyard]] and [[Cochin Shipyard]]. ''SS Jala Usha'', a steamship built by [[Hindustan Shipyard]] in 1948 and the first of its kind to be built within the Indian subcontinent after WW-II.The first oil tanker built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) was the ''MV Rani Padmini'', which was delivered in July 1981.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-08-13 |title=Sailing successfully through a sea of change |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/sailing-successfully-through-a-sea-of-change/article5019891.ece |access-date=2024-11-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> India launched 93,000 DWT oil tanker in 2002 under [[Third Vajpayee ministry]], The ship named ''Maharshi Parashuram'' built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] was 237 meter long double vessel was fitted with 14,300 HP engine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-01-22 |title=India's biggest oil tanker to be launched today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/indias-biggest-oil-tanker-to-be-launched-today/articleshow/431598387.cms |access-date=2024-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ''Abul Kalam Azad'' is another similar-size oil tanker ship built by [[Cochin Shipyard]] in 1999 which has been scrapped.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowles |first=Grant |date=2018-01-01 |title=Shipping Corporation of India sends ageing tanker for scrap |url=https://splash247.com/shipping-corporation-of-india-sends-ageing-tanker-for-scrap/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Splash247 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Ship breaking===
{{anchor | Breaking | Ship breaking }}

{{As of|January 2020}}, India has 30% share of [[Ship breaking#India|ship breaking]] with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to [[Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships]]. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.<ref name=breakkro1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/india-eyes-60-per-cent-share-of-global-ship-recycling-business-higher-gdp-contribution-mandaviya/articleshow/72964082.cms India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution], Economic Times, 30 December 2019.</ref> India's [[Alang|Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard]] is world's largest [[Ship graveyard|ships' graveyard]].<ref name=breakkro1/> Other ship graveyards in India is the [[Steel Industries Kerala Limited|Steel Industrials Kerala Limited]] breaking unit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sucheth|first=P R|date=26 May 2014|title=Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2014/may/26/locals-up-in-arms-against-silk-ship-breaking-unit-617533.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Ports in India==

===Sagar Mala: port-led development===

See [[Sagar Mala project]].

===Transshipment ports===

Most ports on India's east coast have a depth of 8-12 metres, which is too shallow for large ships.<ref name=transhp1>[https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2106155.pdf A STUDY ON BERTH AND DEPTH OF MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA], ijcrt.org, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> The world's major ports are 12-20 metres deep, which can handle ships weighing more than 1.65 lakh tonnes.<ref name=transhp2>[https://www.shipfinex.com/blog/top-10-biggest-ports-in-worldTop 10 Biggest Ports in the World: 2025 Ranking & Analysis], shipfinex.com, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> That's why 25% of India's cargo goes through foreign ports like [[Port of Colombo|Colombo Port Sri Lanka]], [[Jurong Port|Jurong Port Singapore]] and [[Port Klang|Klang Port Malaysia]].<ref name=transhp3>[https://www.livemint.com/politics/zuktonwkfy8iczoi0rcbgk/can-indias-container-transhipment-hubs-take-on-colombo.html Can India's container transhipment hubs take on Colombo], livemint.com, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> This leads to a direct loss of Rs 1,500 crore every year and a setback of Rs 3,000-4,500 crore every year to India's GDP.<ref name=transhp4>[https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/adani-ports-focussing-on-scaling-up-marine-logistics-agri-logistics-biz/120887991 Adani Ports focussing on scaling up marine, logistics & agri-logistics biz], economictimes, accessed 9 Sept 2025.</ref> To move this 25% transshipment from foreignports back to Indian ports, India is developing following deep sea ports as automated global international container transshipment hubs:

* [[Coastal_India#East|Eastern Coastal India]]:

** [[International Container Transshipment Port, Galathea Bay]] in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, greenfield, under-construction with phase-I completion target date of 2028.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Sarbananda Sonowal visits Galathea Bay in Great Nicobar Island and reviews progress of proposed International Container Transhipment Port (ICTP) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1979157 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=draftp1>{{Cite web |date= 21 Mar 2024 |title= From vision to reality: Great Nicobar Island’s transformation plan |url= https://thehillstimes.in/featured/from-vision-to-reality-great-nicobar-islands-transformation-plan |access-date=2024-06-20 |website= thehillstimes.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Government to build International Container Transhipment Port in Great Nicobar Island |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-government-to-build-international-container-transhipment-port-in-great-nicobar-island-2961754/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Simhan |first1=T. E. Raja |title=Galathea Bay: New major port can be game changer |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/galathea-bay-new-major-port-can-be-game-changer/article68776059.ece |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Business Line]] |date=20 October 2024}}</ref>

** [[V. O. Chidambaranar Port]] at [[Thoothukudi]] in Tamil Nadu, existing and operational, with raft depth of 13.2 m which will increased to 16 m by 2027 and 19.6 m by 2029:<ref>[http://www.tuticorinport.gov.in/ Tuticorin Port Webpage] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731210325/http://www.tuticorinport.gov.in/ |date=31 July 2008 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/09/16/stories/2008091650060700.htm Tuticorin Port growth] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618040634/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/09/16/stories/2008091650060700.htm |date=18 June 2010 }}</ref>

* [[Coastal_India#West|Western Coastal India]]:

** [[Cochin Port]] in Kerala: existing and operational, 14.5m draft depth. India's first international transshipment port.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cochinport.gov.in/berth-information |title=Berth Information |access-date=18 July 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920110050/https://cochinport.gov.in/berth-information |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Statistics-Cargo traffic 12 yr">{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2025/Apr/02/cochin-port-authority-records-highest-cargo-traffic-in-fy25 |title=Cochin Port Authority records highest cargo traffic in FY25 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] | access-date=3 April 2025 }}</ref>

** [[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram]] in Kerala, greenfield, operational, India's deepest international transshipment port, 24 meters deep draft.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2032811#:~:text=The%20Union%20Minister%20of%20Ports,port%20in%20Vizhinjam%2C%20Kerala%20today| title=Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal receives First Mother Ship at Vizhinjam- India's first deep water Container Transhipment Port | website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="ET Now">{{cite video |date=2024-07-12 |title=Adani Group's Trivandrum Port: India Maritime Story Welcomes First Mothership At Vizhinjam Port |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6on9go9MNVM |medium=YouTube |publisher=ET Now |time=N/A |access-date=2025-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = DPR |url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf | website = Adani Ports | publisher = Adani Ports and SEZ | date = 31 March 2023 | access-date = 15 August 2024 | page = 45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zpmc.com/news/cont.aspx?id=434|title=Shipment of Quay Cranes for the Adani Vizhinjam Port Project in India-Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.|website=www.zpmc.com}}</ref> and its only port directly adjacent to an international shipping lane. The port is {{convert|10|nmi|lk=in}}<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Environment compliance Report
|url=https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf
| website = Adani Ports
| publisher = VISIL, Government of Kerala
| date = 15 June 2021
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| page = 45
}}</ref> on the heavily-trafficked east-west shipping channel connecting Europe to the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and the Far East (Suez–Far East route and Far East–Middle East route).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://siddhantalive.com/vizhinjam-port-a-game-changer-for-indias-maritime-trade/ | title=Vizhinjam Port: A Game-Changer for India's Maritime Trade | date=2 May 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 May 2025 |title=PM Modi dedicates Vizhinjam international seaport to the nation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pm-modi-dedicates-vizhinjam-international-seaport-to-the-nation/article69529503.ece |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

** [[Vadhavan Port]] in Maharashtra, greenfield, under-construction with Phase-1 completion by 2029 and phase-2 by 2024, 20 meters drfat, India's first offshore port on artificial island.<ref>{{cite web |title=This memorandum of understanding entered into on 5th day of Jun 2015 at Mumbai. For Development of a satellite port for Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) off Vadhvan point south of Dahanu port on the cost of Maharashtra between Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) and Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB). |url=https://www.jnport.gov.in/media/2020/Dec/2020_12_04_12_08_13_.pdf |access-date=5 April 2024 |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924212328/https://www.jnport.gov.in/media/2020/Dec/2020_12_04_12_08_13_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwsi_zh37so | title=The upcoming 13th Major Port of India, the Vadhavan Port at Maharashtra!! | website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 July 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.india-briefing.com/news/sagarmala-developing-india-ports-aid-economic-growth12980-12980.html/ | title=India's Mega Port Development Project 'Sagarmala': An Explainer for Investors | date=31 August 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-to-get-six-new-mega-ports-under-ministry-of-shippings-sagarmala-project-3082626.html | title=India to get six new mega ports under Ministry of Shipping's Sagarmala project | date=November 2016 }}</ref><ref name=vadhavan>{{cite report|title="Executive Summary" For Development Of A Greenfield Port At Vadhavan, District –Palghar, Maharashtra|url=https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2023-11/executiv_summary.pdf|publisher=Environmental Consultant Enkay Enviro Services Private Limited|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405094635/https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2023-11/executiv_summary.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Major seaports===
{{Location map+ |India |AlternativeMap = India location map 3.png|width=450|float=center|caption=14 Major ports (owned by the Government of India) in India|places=
{{Location map~ |India |lat=23.002365|long=70.220898|label= [[Deendayal Port|Kandla]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=20.260315|long=86.665944|label= [[Paradip Port|Paradeep]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=18.932349|long=72.968923|label= [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|Navi Mumbai]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=17.697076|long=83.298454|label= [[Visakhapatnam Port|Visakhapatanam]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=18.947944|long=72.842496|label= [[Mumbai Port|Mumbai]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=22.540658|long=88.305507|label= [[Port of Kolkata|Kolkata]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=22.0451509|long=88.0889156|label= [[Haldia Dock Complex|Haldia]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=13.085346|long=80.291223|label= [[Chennai Port|Chennai]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=12.932121|long=74.822239|label= [[New Mangalore Port|Mangaluru]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=13.271829|long=80.334420|label= [[Kamarajar Port|Ennore]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=9.980688|long=76.252952|label= [[Cochin Port|Kochi]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=15.401762|long=73.805472|label= [[Mormugao Port|Marmuagao]]|position=left|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=8.7562666|long=78.1765031|label= [[V. O. Chidambaranar Port|Thoothukkudi]]|position=right|mark=Anchor 2.svg}}
}}
The ports under the Central Government of India are known as Major ports, and other ports owned by private operators are classified as Minor ports, irrespective of total cargo handled. The following are the Major ports of India:<ref>{{cite web |title=Cargo handling capacity of Major Ports of the country has gone up to 1617.39 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) as on March 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1986644 |publisher=Pib.gov.in |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=operationsIPA>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipa.nic.in//showimg.cshtml?ID=217 |title=Operational Details | access-date=17 December 2014 | publisher=Indian Ports Association}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No.
! Name
! Estb. Year
! class=unsortable|Image
! Area (km2)
! Location
! State/UT
! Cargo handled in MTPA ([[fiscal year|FY]]2022-23)
|-
|1
|[[Chennai Port]]
| 1881
|[[File:Port of Chennai, India - panoramio.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Chennai]]
| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 136
|-
|2
|[[Cochin Port]]
| 1928
|[[File:Vallarpadam_Container_Terminal.JPG|150px]]
|
|[[Kochi]]|| align="left" | [[Kerala]]|| align="right" | 79.9
|-
|3
|[[Port of Kandla|Deendayal Port]]
| 1965
|[[File:Port of Kandla.jpg|150px]]
| 9.83<ref>{{Cite web| title=Master plan for Kandla Port | url=https://sagarmala.gov.in/sites/default/files/5.Final_Master_Plan_Kandla.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201033525/http://sagarmala.gov.in/sites/default/files/5.Final_Master_Plan_Kandla.pdf | archive-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>
|[[Kandla]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| align="right" | 269.1
|-
|4
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]]
| 1988
|[[Image:JNPT_Port_container_handling.jpg|150px]]
| 3.37
|[[Navi Mumbai]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 141.37
|-
|5
|[[Kamarajar Port Limited|Kamarajar Port]]
|2001
|
|
|[[Ennore]]
| align="left" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
| align="right" |91
|-
|6
|[[Mormugao Port]]
| 1985
|
[[File:Goa-Vasco 03-2016 07 view to Mormugao Harbour.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Mormugao]]|| align="left" | [[Goa]]|| align="right" | 63.4
|-
|7
|[[Mumbai Port]]
| 1873
|[[File:Mumbai Port Trust.JPG|150px]]
|
|[[Mumbai]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| align="right" | 84
|-
|8
|[[New Mangalore Port]]
| 1974
|[[Image:New_Mangalore_Port.jpg|150px]]
| 8.22
|[[Mangalore|Mangaluru]]|| align="left" | [[Karnataka]]|| align="right" | 114.96
|-
|9
|[[Paradip Port]]
| 1966
|[[File:Paradip Port-1.jpg|150px]]
| 10
|[[Paradeep]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| align="right" | 289.75
|-
|10
|[[Haldia Dock Complex]]
| 1977
|[[File:MSC_Ricarda_II_of_MSC_Line_berthed_at_Haldia_Dock_Complex's_container_terminal.jpg|150px]]
| 25.77
|[[Haldia]]|| align="left" | [[West Bengal]] || align="right" | 92.77
|-
|11
|[[Port of Kolkata|Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port]]
| 1870
|[[File:Netaji_Subhas_Dock_of_Syama_Prasad_Mookerjee_Port_or_Port_of_Kolkata-1.png|150px]]
|
|[[Kolkata]]|| align="left" | [[West Bengal]] || align="right" | 50.7
|-
|12
|[[V. O. Chidambaranar Port]]
|1974
|[[File:A_view_of_Tuticorin_Port.jpg|150px]]
| 2.428
|[[Thoothukkudi]]|| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| align="right" | 111.46
|-
|13
|[[Visakhapatnam Port]]
| 1933
|[[File:Visakhapatnam_seaport_from_Fishing_harbour.jpg|150px]]
|
|[[Visakhapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| align="right" | 143.68
|-
|}

===Minor seaports===
The ports owned by private operators are classified as Minor ports, irrespective of total cargo handled. The following are the Minor ports of India:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Name
!Estb. Year
!class=unsortable|Image
!City
!State
!Ownership
|-
| 1
|[[Mundra Port]]
| 1998
|[[File:Adani Mundra Port Kutch Gujarat.jpg|150px]]
|[[Mundra]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 2
|[[Karaikal Port]]
| 2009
|[[File:Karaikal port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Karaikal]]|| align="left" | [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 3
|[[Jaigad Port]]
| 2006
|
|[[Jaigad]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| [[JSW Group]]
|-
| 4
|[[Krishnapatnam Port]]
| 2008
|[[File:Krishnapatnam port cranes unloadng a ship.jpg|150px]]
|[[Krishnapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 5
|[[Dharamtar Port]]
| 2012
|
|[[Alibag]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| [[JSW Group]]
|-
| 6
|[[Hazira Port]]
| 2025
|
|[[Hazira]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 7
|[[Dighi Port]]
| 2000
|
|[[Raigad district|Raigad]]|| align="left" | [[Maharashtra]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 8
|[[Dhamra Port]]
| 2011
|[[File:Dhamra_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 9
|[[Gopalpur Port]]
| 2013
|[[File:Gopalpur_Port.jpg|150px]]
|[[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur]]|| align="left" | [[Odisha]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 10
|[[Gangavaram Port]]
| 2009
|
|[[Visakhapatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 11
|[[Kattupalli Shipyard|Kattupalli Port]]
| 2012
|
|[[Kattupalli]]|| align="left" | [[Tamil Nadu]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 12
|[[Dahej Port]]
| 2010
|
|[[Bharuch district|Dahej]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 13
|[[Kakinada Port]]
| 1999
|[[File:Far view of Kakinada port from Beach.jpg|150px]]
|[[Kakinada]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| KSL
|-
| 14
|[[Tuna Port]]
| 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/union-cabinet-decision-kutch-to-get-2-new-port-terminals-at-rs-5963-crore-8205351/ | title=Union Cabinet decision: Kutch to get 2 new port terminals at Rs 5,963 crore | date=13 October 2022 }}</ref>
|
|[[Kutch district|Tuna]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[Adani Group]]
|-
| 15
|[[Machilipatnam Port]]
| 2025
|[[File:Machilipatnam_port_aerial_view.png|150px]]
|[[Machilipatnam]]|| align="left" | [[Andhra Pradesh]]|| MPDCL
|-
| 16
|[[Port Pipavav]]
| 2002
|[[File:Berth portpipavav.JPG|150px]]
|[[Pipavav]]|| align="left" | [[Gujarat]]|| [[APM Terminals]]
|-
|17
|[[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram]]
|2025
|[[File:MSC_Claude_at_Vizhinjam.jpg|150px]]
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| align="left" |[[Kerala]]
|'''[[Government of Kerala]]'''
[[Adani Group]]
|}

===Unranked seaports===
*[[Angré Port]]
*[[Beypore|Beypore Port]]
*[[Beda Port]]
*[[Bedi Port]]
*[[Bedi, Gujarat|New Bedi Port]]
*[[Bhavnagar Port]]
*[[Bhankodar Port]]
*[[Gangolli|Gangolli Port]]
*[[Port of Jakhau|Jakhau Port]]
*[[Karanja, Raigad|Karanja Port]]
*[[Karwar Port]]
*[[Kollam Port]]
*[[Mandvi|Mandvi Port and Shipyard]]
*[[Nagapattinam Port]]
*[[Port of Navlakhi|Navlakhi Port]]
*[[Okha Port]]
*[[Port Blair Port]]
*[[Porbandar Port]]
*[[Rajula|Rajula Port]]
*[[Redi Port]]
*[[Rewas|Rewas Port]]
*[[Rozi Port]]
*[[Vadinar Port]]
*[[Veraval|Veraval Port]]
*[[Salav Port]]
*[[Sikka Port]]
*[[Simar Port]]

===River ports===
The following are the River ports of India:
*[[Dhubri Port]]
*[[Haldia Multi-Modal Terminal|Durgachak Port]]
*[[Kottayam Port]]
*[[Farakka Port]]
*[[Port of Magdalla|Magdalla Port]]
*[[Pandu Port]]
*[[Varanasi Multi-Modal Terminal|Varanasi Port]]
*[[Sahebganj Multi-Modal Port|Sahebganj Port]]

==Maritime boards==
Maritime boards by state:<ref>{{cite web |title=State Maritime Board |url=https://sagarmala.gov.in/state-maritime-board |website=sagarmala.gov.in |accessdate=27 November 2025 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! State Maritime Boards !! Established
|-
| [[Gujarat Maritime Board]] || 1982
|-
| [[Maharashtra Maritime Board]] || 1996
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu Maritime Board]] || 1997
|-
| [[Karnataka Maritime Board]] || 2017
|-
| [[Kerala Maritime Board]] || 2017
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh Maritime Board]] || 2019
|-
| [[West Bengal Maritime Board]] || 2015
|-
| [[Odisha Maritime Board]] || 2022
|}

*No maritime board has been established in the state of [[Goa]] yet, but the Government's Captain of Ports Department (established in 1912) looks after the development of Inland Waterways and Minor Ports of Goa.

==See also==

* [[Aviation in India]]
* [[Indian Railway]]
* [[Roads in India]]
* [[Transport in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{URL|https://shipmin.gov.in|Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways}}
* {{URL|https://www.thetradevision.com/blogs/major-ports-in-india-2025|List of Major Ports in India 2025}}

{{commons category|Ports and harbours in India}}
{{Ports and harbors}}
{{Transport in India}}
{{Economy of India}}
{{Asia topic|List of ports in}}

[[Category:Economy of India lists|Ports]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of India| ]]
[[Category:Foreign trade of India|Ports]]
[[Category:Lists of ports|India]]
[[Category:India transport-related lists|Ports]]

List of ports in India - Revision history

LorenaGallant5 at 05:27, 7 February 2026