>Berek at 07:01, 5 November 2021

2021-11-05T07:01:12Z

New page

{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=November 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2021}}
}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}

The '''[[History of Assam]]''' is the history of a confluence of people from the east, west, south and the north; the confluence of the [[Austroasiatic]], [[Tibeto-Burman]] (Sino-Tibetan), [[Tai peoples|Tai]] and [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] cultures. Although invaded over the centuries, it was never a vassal or a colony to an external power until the third [[Burmese invasions of Assam|Burmese invasion]] in 1821, and, subsequently, the British ingress into Assam in 1824 during the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]].<ref name="Urban 2009">{{harvcol|Urban|2009|p=86}}</ref>

This is a early later documented rulers and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of the [[Assam]] are included in this list.

<imagemap>
File:Major kingdoms of Assam.png|thumb|right|260px|Major kingdoms of Assam{{sfn|Baruah|1986}}
rect 50 50 650 120 [[Kamarupa|Kamarupa Kingdom]]
rect 45 240 160 310 [[Kamata Kingdom]]
rect 165 240 300 310 [[Baro-Bhuyan|Bhuyan chieftains]]
rect 305 240 415 310 [[Ahom Kingdom]]
rect 425 240 540 310 [[Chutiya Kingdom]]
rect 550 240 660 310 [[Kachari Kingdom]]
rect 4 425 80 495 [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Bihar]]
rect 120 425 190 495 [[Koch Hajo]]
rect 125 660 640 760 [[Colonial Assam|History of Assam]]
</imagemap>

==Ancient Kingdoms==

===Sonitpura kingdom (c. 1850–1400 BCE) ===
{{main|Asura Kingdom}}

The kingdom was contemporary of [[Pragjyotisha Kingdom]] of [[Kamarupa]].{{sfn|Shin|2018|p=321}}

Known Sonitpura rulers are:

* [[Marichi]]
* [[Kashyap]]
* [[Hiranyakashipu]]
* [[Prahlad]]
* [[Virochana]]
* [[Mahabali]]
* [[Bana]]

===Pragjyotisha kingdom (c. 1700/1500–300 BCE) ===
{{main|Pragjyotisha Kingdom}}

====Danava dynasty (c. 1500–800 BCE) ====
{{main|Danava dynasty}}

First legendary line of rulers in Pragjyotisha.
The Danava dynasty consisted of [[Kirata]] chiefs; the last of whom, Ghatakasura, was killed and replaced by [[Narakasura|Naraka]].<ref>{{harv|Gait|1906|p=12}}</ref>

Known Danava rulers are:

* Mahiranga
* Hatakasura
* Sambarasura
* Ratnasura
* Ghatakasura

====Bhauma (Naraka) dynasty (c. 800–300 BCE) ====
{{main|Bhauma dynasty}}

Second legendary dynasty of Pragjyotisha.
Known Bhauma rulers are:
* [[Naraka]]
* [[Bhagadatta]]
* Pushpadatta
* [[Vajradatta]]

===Davaka kingdom (c. 300 BCE–350 CE) ===
{{main|Davaka}}
''less information is available about this kingdom''

==Kamarupa Kingdom (c. 350–1100 CE)==
{{main|Kamarupa}}

[[File:Kamarupa map.png|thumb|right|261px|{{center|The traditional extent of the ''Kamarupa kingdom''}}]]

===Varman dynasty (c. 350–650 CE)===
{{main|Varman dynasty}}

The dynastic line, as given in the Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" align="center"
|-
! !! Reign !! Name !! succession !! Queen
|-
| 1 || 350-374 || [[Pushyavarman]] || || (unknown)
|-
| 2 || 374-398 || [[Samudravarman]] || son of Pushyavarman || Dattadevi
|-
| 3 || 398-422 || [[Balavarman]] || son of Samudravarman || Ratnavati
|-
| 4 || 422-446 || [[Kalyanavarman (Varman dynasty)|Kalyanavarman]] || son of Balavarman || Gandharavati
|-
| 5 || 446-470 || [[Ganapativarman]] || son of Kalyanavarman || Yajnavati
|-
| 6 || 470-494 || [[Mahendravarman (Varman dynasty)|Mahendravarman]] || son of Ganapativarman || Suvrata
|-
| 7 || 494-518 || [[Narayanavarman]] || son of Mahendravarman || Devavati
|-
| 8 || 518-542 || [[Bhutivarman]] || son of Narayanavarman || Vijnayavati
|-
| 9 || 542-566 || [[Chandramukhavarman]] || son of Bhutivarman || Bhogavati
|-
| 10 || 566-590 || [[Sthitavarman]] || son of Chandramukhavarman || Nayanadevi
|-
| 11 || 590-595 || [[Susthitavarman]] || son of Sthitavarman || Syamadevi
|-
| 12 || 595-600 || [[Supratisthitavarman]] || son of Susthitavarman || (Bachelor)
|-
| 13 || 600-650 || [[Bhaskaravarman]] || brother of Supratisthitavarman || (Bachelor)
|-
| 14 || 650-655 || Unknown<ref>"Though there exists no direct evidence, there are indirect evidence of a king who ruled for a short period after Bhaskaravarman, but was ousted by Salasthamba."{{harv|Sharma|1978|pp=xxxi-xxxii}}.</ref> || (unknown) || (unknown)
|-
|}

The grants of [[Ratna Pala|Ratnapala]] give the list of 21 kings from Salastambha to his line. {{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

===Mlechchha dynasty (c. 650–900)===
{{main|Mlechchha dynasty}}

* Salastamba (650-670)
* Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
* Palaka
* Kumara
* Vajradeva
* Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725-745)
* Balavarman II
* Jivaraja
* Digleswaravarman
* Salambha<ref>Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, {{harv|Sarma|1978|p=105}}</ref>
* Harjjaravarman (815-832)
* Vanamalavarmadeva (832-855)
* Jayamala alias Virabahu (855-860)
* Balavarman III (860-880)
* Tyagasimha (890-900)

===Pala dynasty (Kamarupa) (c. 900–1100 CE)===
{{main|Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)}}

* [[Brahma Pala]] (900-920)
* [[Ratna Pala]] (920-960)
* [[Indra Pala]] (960-990)
* [[Go Pala]], also Gopalavarman (990-1015)
* [[Harsha Pala]] (1015-1035)
* [[Dharma Pala]] (1035-1060)
* [[Jaya Pala]] (1075-1100)

==Medieval Assam==

===Ahom kingdom (c. 1228–1838 CE)===
{{main|Ahom kingdom}}

In the nearly 600-years 39-Swargadeo dynastic history, there are three progenitor kings (all subsequent kings are descendants of these kings). They are [[Sukaphaa]], who established the kingdom; [[Suhungmung]], who made the greatest territorial and political expansion of the kingdom; and [[Supaatphaa]], who established the House of [[Tungkhungia Ahom kings|Tungkhugia king]]s that reigned the kingdom during its political and cultural zenith, as well as the period of decay and end (except for [[Jogeswar Singha]], who was a descendant of Supaatphaa's father [[Gobar Roja|Gobar]], and who was installed as a puppet king by the Burmese).

[[File:Ahom-kingdom-c1826p.png|thumb|Ahom kingdom]]

The dynastic history and dates that are accepted today are the result of a re-examination of Ahom and other documents by a team of Nora astronomers and experts who were commissioned to do so by Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795).<ref>{{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=534–535}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The list of Swargadeos of the [[Ahom Kingdom]]
|-
! Years
! Reign
! Ahom name
! Other names
! succession
! End of reign
! Capital
|-
|----
| 1228–1268
| 40y
| [[Sukaphaa]]
|
|
| natural death
| [[Charaideo]]
|----
| 1268–1281
| 13y
| [[Suteuphaa]]
|
| son of Sukaphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|----
| 1281–1293
| 8y
| [[Subinphaa]]
|
| son of Suteuphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|----
| 1293–1332
| 39y
| [[Sukhaangphaa]]
|
| son of Subinphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|----
| 1332–1364
| 32y
| [[Sukhrangpha]]
|
| son of Sukhaangphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1364–1369
| 5y
| Interregnum<ref>Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}. Gait and others do not record this {{harv|Gait|1906|p=358}}, though Baruah does {{harv|Baruah|1993|p=282}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|----
| 1369–1376
| 7y
| [[Sutuphaa]]
|
| brother of Sukhrangphaa<ref>Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}</ref>
| assassinated<ref>Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the [[Chutiya kingdom]] on a barge ride on Suffry river {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}.</ref>
| Charaideo
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1376–1380
| 4y
| Interregnum
|
|
|
|
|----
| 1380–1389
| 9y
| [[Tyao Khamti]]
|
| brother of Sutuphaa
| assassinated<ref>Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=274}}.</ref>
| Charaideo
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1389–1397
| 8y
| Interregnum
|
|
|
|
|----
| 1397–1407
| 10y
| [[Sudangphaa]]
| Baamuni Konwar
| son of Tyao Khaamti<ref>Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=274–275}}.</ref>
| natural death
| Charagua
|----
| 1407–1422
| 15y
| [[Sujangphaa]]
|
| son of Sudangphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1422–1439
| 17y
| [[Suphakphaa]]
|
| son of Sujangpha
| natural death
|
|----
| 1439–1488
| 49y
| [[Susenphaa]]
|
| son of Suphakphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1488–1493
| 5y
| [[Suhenphaa]]
|
| son of Susenphaa
| assassinated<ref>Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=282}}.</ref>
|
|----
| 1493–1497
| 4y
| [[Supimphaa]]
|
| son of Suhenphaa
| natural death
|
|----valign="top"
| 1497–1539
| 42y
| [[Suhungmung]]
| [[Swarganarayan]], Dihingiaa Rojaa I
| son of Supimphaa
| assassinated<ref>Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=309}}.</ref>
| [[Bakata]]
|----
| 1539–1552
| 13y
| [[Suklenmung]]
| Garhgayaan Rojaa
| son of Suhungmung
| natural death
| [[Garhgaon]]
|----
| 1552–1603
| 51y
| [[Sukhaamphaa]]
| Khuraa Rojaa
| son of Suklenmung
| natural death
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1603–1641
| 38y
| [[Susenghphaa]]
| [[Prataap Singha]], Burhaa Rojaa, Buddhiswarganarayan
| son of Sukhaamphaa
| natural death
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1641–1644
| 3y
| [[Suramphaa]]
| Jayaditya Singha, Bhogaa Rojaa
| son of Susenghphaa
| deposed<ref>Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=386}}. He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.</ref>
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1644–1648
| 4y
| [[Sutingphaa]]
| Noriyaa Rojaa
| brother of Suramphaa
| deposed<ref>Sutingphaa was a sickly king (''Noriaya Raja''), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=391–392}}.</ref>
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1648–1663
| 15y
| [[Sutamla]]
| Jayadhwaj Singha, Bhoganiyaa Rojaa
| son of Sutingphaa
| natural death
| Garhgaon/Bakata
|----valign="top"
| 1663–1670
| 7y
| [[Supangmung]]
| [[Chakradhwaj Singha]]
| cousin of Sutamla<ref>Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (''Deo Raja''), the second son of [[Suhungmung]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=448}}.</ref>
| natural death
| Bakata/Garhgaon
|----
| 1670–1672
| 2y
| [[Sunyatphaa]]
| Udayaditya Singha
| brother of Supangmung<ref>The ''Maju Gohain'', the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=470}}</ref>
| deposed<ref>Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=479–482}}. This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, [[Atan Burhagohain]] and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession of [[Gadadhar Singha]].</ref>
|
|----
| 1672–1674
| 2y
| [[Suklamphaa]]
| Ramadhwaj Singha
| brother of Sunyatphaa
| poisoned<ref>Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=484}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1674–1675
| 21d
|[[Suhung]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ahom Language Coins of Assam|last=Deyell|first=John S.}}</ref>
| Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang
| Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung
| deposed<ref>The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=486}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1675-1675
| 24d
|
| [[Gobar Roja]]
| great-grandson of Suhungmung<ref>Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of [[Suhungmung]] Dihingiya Roja.</ref>
| deposed<ref>Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the ''Saraighatias'' (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by [[Atan Burhagohain]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=486–488}}. Their target was the ''de facto'' ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1675–1677
| 2y
|[[Sujinphaa]]<ref>After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more princes rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). ''Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung'')</ref>
| Arjun Konwar, Dihingia Rojaa II
| grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain
| deposed, suicide<ref>Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the ''de facto'' ruler, [[Atan Burhagohain]], but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=489}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1677–1679
| 2y
| [[Sudoiphaa]]
| Parvatia Rojaa
| great-grandson of Suhungmung<ref>Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=490}}.</ref>
| deposed, killed<ref>Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed. [[Atan Burhagohain]], the powerful minister, had been executed earlier {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=492–493}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1679–1681
| 3y
| [[Sulikphaa]]
| Ratnadhwaj Singha, Loraa Rojaa
| Samaguria family
| deposed, killed<ref>Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by [[Gadadhar Singha]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=496–497}}.</ref>
|
|----
| 1681–1696
| 15y
| [[Supaatphaa]]
| [[Gadadhar Singha]]
| son of Gobar Rojaa
| natural death
| Borkola
|----
| 1696–1714
| 18y
| [[Sukhrungphaa]]
| [[Rudra Singha]]
| son of Supaatphaa
| natural death
| [[Rangpur (Ahom capital)|Rangpur]]
|----
| 1714–1744
| 30y
| [[Sutanphaa]]
| [[Siba Singha]]
| son Sukhrungphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1744–1751
| 7y
| [[Sunenphaa]]
| [[Pramatta Singha]]
| brother of Sutanphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1751–1769
| 18y
| [[Suremphaa]]
| [[Rajeswar Singha]]
| brother of Sunenphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1769–1780
| 11y
| [[Sunyeophaa]]
| [[Lakshmi Singha]]
| brother of Suremphaa
| natural death
|
|---
| 1780–1795
| 15y
| [[Suhitpangphaa]]
| [[Gaurinath Singha]]
| son of Sunyeophaa
| natural death
| Jorhat
|----
| 1795–1811
| 16y
| [[Suklingphaa]]
| [[Kamaleswar Singha]]
| great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha<ref>Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of [[Gadadhar Singha]]. Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|pp=148–150}}.</ref>
| natural death, smallpox
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1811–1818
| 7y
| [[Sudingphaa]] (1)
| [[Chandrakaanta Singha]]
| brother of Suklingphaa
| deposed<ref name="purandar-accession">Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=221}}. The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of [[Suremphaa]] Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead {{Harvcol|Gait|1906|p=223}}.</ref>
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1818–1819
| 1y
|
| [[Purandar Singha]] (1)
| descendant of Suremphaa<ref name="purandar-accession"/>
| deposed<ref>Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|pp=221–222}}.</ref>
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1819–1821
| 2y
| [[Sudingphaa]] (2)
| [[Chandrakaanta Singha]]
|
| fled the capital<ref>Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of [[Bagyidaw]] king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=223}}.</ref>
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF" valign="top"
| 1821–1822
| 1y
|
| [[Jogeswar Singha]]
| 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler<ref>Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of [[Bagyidaw]]. He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=223}}.</ref>
| removed<ref>Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=225}}.</ref>
|
|- bgcolor="#FFFF99" valign="top"
| 1833–1838
|
|
| [[Purandar Singha]] (2)<ref>Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=244}}.</ref>
|
|
|
|}

===Kachari (Dimasa) kingdom (c. 1250–1832 CE)===
{{main|Kachari Kingdom}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The Kings of Kachar<ref>{{harvcol|Rhodes|1986|p=167}}</ref>
! Capital
! King
! Date of Accession
! Reign in Progress
! End of reign
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Dimapur]]
| La-wang-pa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Entry {{!}} Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu|url=http://epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/reign/yong-le/year-4-month-6-day-24|access-date=2021-10-08|website=epress.nus.edu.sg}}</ref>
|
|1406
|
|-
| Manipha
|
|
|
|-
| Ladapha
|
|
|
|-
| Viravijay Narayana<ref>{{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=63}}</ref> (or Khorapha)
|
|1520?
|1526
|-
| Khuntara
|1526
|
|1531
|-
| Detsung/Dersung
|1531
|
|1536
|-
!
| ''Interregnum?''
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="17" | [[Maibong]]
| Nirbhay Narayan
| 1558?
| 1559
|
|-
| Durlabh Narayan
|
|
|
|-
| Megha Narayan
| 1568
| 1578
| 1583?
|-
| Yasho Narayan (Satrudaman)
| 1583?
|
| 1601
|-
| Indrapratap Narayan
| 1601
| 1610
|
|-
| Nar Narayan
|
|
|
|-
| Bhimdarpa Narayan
|
| 1618?
|
|-
| Indraballabh Narayan
| 1628
|
| 1644?
|-
| Birdarpa Narayan
| 1644?
|
| 1681
|-
| Garurdhwaj Narayan(Thaosen Clan)
| 1681
|
| 1695
|-
| Makardhwaj Narayan( Thaosen Clan)
| 1695
|
|
|-
| Udayaditya(Thaosen Clan)
|
|
|
|-
| Tamradhwaj Narayan( Thaosen Clan/Sengphong)
|
| 1706
| 1708
|-
| Suradarpa Narayan ( Thaosen clan/Sengphong)
| 1708
|
|
|-
| Harischandra Narayan -1 (Thaosen Sengphong)
|
| 1721
|
|-
| Kirtichandra Narayan( Hasnusa Sengphong)
|
| 1736
|
|-
| Sandikhari Narayan alias Ram Chandra)
|
| 1736
|
|-
! rowspan="7" |Khaspur
| Harischandra-2 (Hasnusa Sengphong)
|
| 1771
|
|-
| Lakshmichandra Narayan
| 1772
|
|
|-
| Krishnachandra Narayan
|
| 1790
| 1813
|-
| Govindachandra Narayan
| 1814
|
| 1819
|-
| ''Chaurajit Singh'' (from [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]])
| 1819
|
| 1823
|-
| ''[[Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba|Gambhir Singh]]'' (from [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]])
| 1823
|
| 1824
|-
| Govindachandra Narayan
| 1824
|
| 1830
|-
!
| ''British Annexation''
| 1832
|
|
|}

===Kamata kingdom (c. 1257–1365 CE)===
{{main|Kamata Kingdom}}

* Sandhya (1228–1260)
* Sindhu Rai (1260–1285)
* Rup Narayan (1285–1300)
* Singhadhwaj (1300–1305)
* Pratapdhvaj (1305–1325)
* Dharma Narayan (1325–1330)
* Durlabh Narayan (1330–1350)
* Indra Narayan (1350–1365)

===Chutia (Sadiya) kingdom (c. 1350–1523 CE)===
{{main|Chutia Kingdom}}

Known rulers of the Chutia kingdom are:

*Nandisvara (late 14th century)
*Satyanarayana (late 14th century)
*Lakshminarayana (early 15th century)
*Dharmanarayana (early 15th century)
*Durlabhnarayana (early 15th century)
*Muktadharmanarayana (mid 15th century)
*Pratyakshanarayana (mid 15th century)
*Yasanarayana (mid 15th century)
*Purandarnarayana (late 15th century)
*Dhirnarayana (unknown - 1524)

===Baro-Bhuyan Rule (c. 1365–1440 CE)===
{{main|Baro-Bhuyan}}

*Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385)
*Gajanka (1385–1400)
*Sukranka (1400–1415)
*Mriganka (1415–1440)

===Khen dynasty (c. 1440–1498 CE)===
{{main|Khen dynasty}}

* [[Niladhwaj of Kamata|Niladhwaj]] (1440–1460)
* [[Chakradhwaj of Kamata|Chakradhwaj]] (1460–1480)
* [[Nilambar of Kamata|Nilambar]] (1480–1498)

===Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1949 CE)===
{{main|Koch dynasty}}

====Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)====
*[[Biswa Singha]] (1515–1540)
*[[Nara Narayan]] (1540–1586)

====Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)====
{{further|Cooch Behar State}}

* Lakshmi Narayan
* Bir Narayan
* Pran Narayan
* Basudev Narayan
* Mahindra Narayan
* Roop Narayan
* Upendra Narayan
* Devendra Narayan
* Dhairjendra Narayan
* Rajendra Narayan
* Dharendra Narayan
* Harendra Narayan
* Shivendra Narayan
* [[Narendra Narayan]]
* [[Nripendra Narayan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html|title=Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless|website=www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk}}</ref>
* [[Rajendra Narayan|Rajendra Narayan II]]
* [[Jitendra Narayan]] (father of [[Gayatri Devi]])
* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]]
* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]] (ruled till 1949) ]] (ruled till 1949)

====Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)====
{{further|Koch Hajo}}
* Raghudev (son of [[Chilarai]], nephew of Nara Narayan)
* Parikshit Narayan

====Rulers of Darrang====
Parikshit Narayana was attacked by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] stationed at Dhaka in alliance with Lakshmi Narayan of Koch Bihar in 1612. His kingdom Koch Hajo, bounded by Sankosh River in the west and Barnadi river in the east, was occupied by the end of that year. Parikshit Narayan was sent to Delhi for an audience with the Mughal Emperor, but his brother Balinarayan escaped and took refuge in the [[Ahom kingdom]]. The region to the east of Barnadi and up to the Bharali river was under the control of some [[Baro-Bhuyan]] chieftains, but they were soon removed by the Mughals. In 1615 the Mughals, under Syed Hakim and Syed Aba Bakr, attacked the Ahoms but were repelled back to the Barnadi river. The Ahom king, [[Prataap Singha]], then established Balinarayan as a vassal in the newly acquired region between Barnadi and Bharali rivers, and called it Darrang. Balinarayan's descendants continued to rule the region till it was annexed by the British in 1826.<ref>{{Harvcol|Nath|1989|pp=102–104}}</ref>

* Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
* Mahendra Narayan
* Chandra Narayan
* Surya Narayan

====Rulers of Beltola====
{{Main|History of Beltola}}
*Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of [[Koch Hajo]], brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of [[Darrang district|Darrang]]).
*Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)
*Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)
*Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
*Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
*Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
*Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)
*Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
*Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
*Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
*Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
*Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)

====Rulers of Bijni====
The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Bihar]].
* Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
* Joy Narayan
* Shiv Narayan
* Bijoy Narayan
* Mukunda Narayan
* Haridev Narayan
* Balit Narayan
* Indra Narayan
* Amrit Narayan
* Kumud Narayan
* Jogendra Narayan
* Bhairabendra Narayan

====Rulers of Khaspur====
The Barak valley was obtained by [[Chilarai]] in 1562<ref name="bhatta94begend">"The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai's invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong." {{harvcol|Bhattacharjee|1994|p=71}}</ref> from the [[Twipra kingdom]] during his expedition when he subjugated most of the major rulers in [[Northeast India]] and established the Khaspur state with a garrison at Brahmapur, that eventually came to be called Khaspur (Brahmapur→Kochpur→Khaspur). The Koch rule began with the appointment of Kamal Narayan (step-brother of Chilarai and Naranarayan) as the Dewan a couple of years after the establishment of the garrison.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{harvcol|Bhattacharjee|1994|p=71}}</ref> Kamalnarayan established eighteen clans of Koch families that took hereditary roles in the state of Khaspur and who came to be known as Dheyans (after Dewan).<ref>{{harvcol|Bhattacharjee|1994|p=72}}</ref> The independent rule of the Khaspur rulers ended in 1745 when it merged with the [[Dimasa Kingdom|Kachari kingdom]].<ref name="bhatta94begend"/>

The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
* Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
* Vijay Narayana
* Dhir Narayana
* Mahendra Narayana
* Ranjit
* Nara Singha
* Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of [[Kachari kingdom]], and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)

==British Assam (c. 1826–1947 CE)==

*[[Bengal Presidency]] (1826–1873)
*Chief Commissioner's Province (1874–1905)
*Eastern Bengal and Assam under Lt. Governor (1906–1912)
*Assam Legislative Council (1912–1920)
*Dyarchy (1921–1937)
*Assam Legislative Assembly (1937–1947)<ref>http://www.slideshare.net/umain30/genesis-of-nellie-massacre-and-assam-agitation Genesis of nellie massacre and assam agitation</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/assam-riots-of-ghost-towns-and-relief-camps-4-lakh-people-displaced-248226|title=Assam riots: Of ghost towns and relief camps, 4 lakh people displaced|access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref>

==Modern Assam==

*[[List of chief ministers of Assam]]

==See also==
* [[History of Assam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:History of Assam]]
[[Category:Lists]]

List of rulers of Assam - Revision history

>Berek at 07:01, 5 November 2021