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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2021}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;gopuram&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;gopura&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a monumental tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of any temple, especially in [[Southern India]]. They are a prominent feature of [[koil]]s, [[Hindu temple architecture|Hindu temples]] built in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style]].&amp;lt;ref name=ching2&amp;gt;{{cite book&lt;br /&gt;
| first=Francis D.K.&lt;br /&gt;
| last= Ching&lt;br /&gt;
| year= 2007&lt;br /&gt;
| title= A Global History of Architecture&lt;br /&gt;
| url=https://archive.org/details/globalhistoryofa0000chin&lt;br /&gt;
| url-access=registration&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=John Wiley and Sons&lt;br /&gt;
| location=New York&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn= 978-0-471-26892-5&lt;br /&gt;
| page= [https://archive.org/details/globalhistoryofa0000chin/page/762 762]|display-authors=etal}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; They are topped by the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;kalasam&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, a bulbous stone [[finial]]. They function as gateways through the walls that surround the temple complex.&amp;lt;ref name=ching&amp;gt;{{cite book&lt;br /&gt;
| first=Francis D.K.&lt;br /&gt;
| last= Ching&lt;br /&gt;
| year= 1995&lt;br /&gt;
| title= A Visual Dictionary of Architecture&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=John Wiley and Sons&lt;br /&gt;
| location=New York&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn=  0-471-28451-3&lt;br /&gt;
| page= 253}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gopuram&amp;#039;s origins can be traced back to early structures built under the [[Tamil people|Tamil]] kings of the [[Pallava]] and [[Chola]] dynasties. By the twelfth century, during the [[Pandya]] dynasty, these gateways became a dominant feature of a temple&amp;#039;s outer appearance, eventually overshadowing the inner sanctuary which became obscured from view by the gopuram&amp;#039;s colossal size.&amp;lt;ref name=mitchell&amp;gt;{{cite book&lt;br /&gt;
| last =Mitchell&lt;br /&gt;
| first =George&lt;br /&gt;
| title = The Hindu Temple&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher =University of Chicago Press&lt;br /&gt;
| year =1988&lt;br /&gt;
| location =Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
| pages = 151–153&lt;br /&gt;
| isbn = 0-226-53230-5}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It also dominated the inner sanctum in amount of ornamentation. Often a shrine has more than one gopuram.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web&lt;br /&gt;
| url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037402/gopura&lt;br /&gt;
| title=gopura&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica&lt;br /&gt;
| access-date=2008-01-20&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A koil may have multiple gopurams, typically constructed into multiple walls in tiers around the main shrine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tallest Gopurams==&lt;br /&gt;
Gopurams are widespread in south Indian temples, predominantly in [[Tamil Nadu]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. M. S. Ramesh, Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Very tall gopurams are a later feature, added from the Middle Ages onwards, typically to much older temples.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Rank&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Temple&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Image&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Height&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ft&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Consecration&lt;br /&gt;
Year&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Notes&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Location&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Ranganathaswamy Temple]],&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Raja Gopuram&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Srirangam Temple Gopuram (767010404).jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 239.501&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kakani Lakshmana Kumar&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;A new Rajagopuram&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.frontline.in/arc9700.htm A new Rajagopuram ] Frontline Magazine, 4–17 April 1987.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 1987 CE&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kakani Lakshmana Kumar&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Chand 1987, p. 36&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Ranganathaswamy Temple is one of the largest temple complexes in India, covering an area of {{convert|156|acre}}.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Yatra2Yatra. Sanjay Singh&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Yatra2Yatra&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Sanjay Singh.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is home to twelve gopurams, the largest being the Raja Gopuram.&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Srirangam]],&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Murdeshwar|Murdeshwara Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Murdeshwar temple gopuram.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 237&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Singh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=45696 ] Daiji World, 14 April 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 2008 CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Murdeshwara Temple is known for its colossal, 40m high statue of [[Shiva]]. Its gopuram is the second tallest in India. It is also the only one where one can take a lift to top floor of the gopuram.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;South India &amp;#039;&amp;#039; P.271. Sarina Singh&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Murdeshwar]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Annamalaiyar Temple]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;East Gopuram&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(Raja Gopuram)&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Tiruvannamalai_Temple_Tower.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 216.5&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Singh&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Singh 2009, p. 1069&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 9th century CE; gopuram 16th century&lt;br /&gt;
| Annamalaiyar Temple covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest temples in [[India]]. It is surrounded by four large unpainted gopurams, one facing each cardinal direction. The eastern gopuram rises to 66m, and is called the Raja Gopuram.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceB&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;South India &amp;#039;&amp;#039; P. 418. Sarina Singh&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Srivilliputhur Divya Desam|Srivilliputhur Andal Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Srivilliputhur Andal temple (30).jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 193.5&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tourist&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Tourist guide to Tamil Nadu 2007, p. 109&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 10th–16th centuries CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Srivilliputhur Andal Temple&amp;#039;s gopuram measures eleven storeys high and 59m tall, making it the tallest of its era. During the [[Madurai Nayak dynasty]], lesser figures sponsored religious projects, including the large scale campus.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Architecture and art of southern India: Vijayanagara and Successor States, Volume 1, Issue 6&amp;#039;&amp;#039;P.112. George Michell&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The temple is the emblem of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tourist&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Srivilliputhur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 5&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur|Ulagalantha Perumal Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Thirukovilur temple tower.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 192&lt;br /&gt;
| CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Ulagalantha Perumal Temple is dedicated to [[Vamana|Trivikrama]], the fifth incarnation of [[Vishnu]]. Its gopuram is {{convert|192|ft}} in height.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.indian-heritage.org/temple/tirukoil.htm|title=Indian Heritage - TIRUKKOILUR- Ulagalanda Perumal Temple, South Arcot district, Tamilnadu|website=www.indian-heritage.org}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Tirukoilur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 6&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Ekambareswarar Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Ekambareswarar Temple Kanchipuram India - panoramio (7).jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 190&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Sajnani&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sajnani 2001, pp. 305&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Ekambareswarar Temple is the largest temple in [[Kanchipuram]], a highly visible symbol of [[Pallava dynasty]]. The entire complex covers an area of 10 hectares and has five courtyards.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;India &amp;#039;&amp;#039; P.545. Karen Schreitmüller&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Kanchipuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 7&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Kallazhagar Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Kallazhagar (24).jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 187&lt;br /&gt;
| CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Kallazhagar Temple is located in [[Azhagar Koyil]], and is dedicated to [[Vishnu]]. In the outer gateway of the temple, there is a massive door that is rarely opened. The inner shrine is dedicated to [[Karuppu Sami|Karupannaswamy]], no image him is present. &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 8&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Tenkasi Gopuram.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 180&lt;br /&gt;
| 15th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Built by the [[Pandya]] kings, the massive gopuram of the temple is the second largest in Tamil Nadu. It is also known as Ulagamman Temple. This temple boasts beautiful sculptures and also has musical stone pillars that produce different sounds when tapped with fingers. The name of the town ([[Tenkasi]]) is derived from this temple, meaning &amp;quot;Kasi of the south&amp;quot;. The [[Chittar River]] nearby is consider sacred, similar to the [[Ganges]].&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Tenkasi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 8&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Annamalaiyar Temple]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Northern Gopuram (Ammani Amman Gopuram)&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Arunchaleshvara Temple - Tiruvannamalai - India 02.JPG|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 171&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Singh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 9th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Annamalaiyar Temple covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest temples in [[India]]. It is surrounded by four large unpainted gopurams, one facing each cardinal direction. The northern gopuram is called the Ammani Amman Gopuram.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceB&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 9&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Meenakshi Amman West Tower.jpg|200px|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 170&lt;br /&gt;
| 870 CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Meenakshi Amman Temple houses 14 gopurams, ranging from 45m to 50m in height, the tallest being the southern tower at {{convert|51.9|m|ft|0}} high.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sajnani 2001, pp. 307–308&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The temple has some very old sections but the largest part dates back to 17th century. The four gopuram are decorated with many figures from the [[Hindu]] pantheon and can be seen from great distances.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;India &amp;#039;&amp;#039; P.586. Karen Schreitmüller&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 10&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Virupaksha Temple, Hampi|Virupaksha Temple]], main entrance gopuram&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:1 Virupaksha temple Gopuram Hampi Vijayanagar India.jpg|Virupaksha Temple, Hampi|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 166&lt;br /&gt;
| 15th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Virupaksha Temple was built during the time of [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. It is part of the [[Group of Monuments at Hampi]], as a [[UNESCO]] [[List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India|World Heritage Site]].&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hampi]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Sarangapani Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Gopuras in Kumbakonam - India.JPG|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 164&lt;br /&gt;
| 12th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Sarangapani Temple is the largest [[Vishnu]] temple in [[Kumbakonam]]. The inner shrine is made in the form of a stone chariot, a common feature for temples built under the [[Chola]] kings.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;South India &amp;#039;&amp;#039;P.432.  Sarina Singh&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Temples of South India &amp;#039;&amp;#039;P.112.  V.V. Subba Reddy&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Kumbakonam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 12&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Annamalaiyar Temple]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Southern Gopuram&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(Tirumanjana Gopuram)&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Arunchaleshvara Temple - Tiruvannamalai - India 02.JPG|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 157&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Singh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 9th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Annamalaiyar Temple covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest temples in [[India]]. It is surrounded by four large unpainted gopurams, one facing each cardinal direction. The southern gopuram is called the Tirumanjana Gopuram.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceB&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 13&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi|Rajagopalaswamy Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:RajaGopalaSwamyTemple.JPG|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 154&lt;br /&gt;
| 1523–1575 CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Rajagopalaswamy Temple was started by [[Chola]] kings. Later, king [[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] added the thousand pillar hall, the outer compound, and the large gopuram. Details of these constructions are recorded on inscriptions inside the temple.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Power of Passion &amp;#039;&amp;#039; P. 4.  S. Manickavasagam&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Mannargudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 14&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Mangalagiri]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 153&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kakani Lakshmana Kumar&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;A new Rajagopuram&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 1809 CE&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kakani Lakshmana Kumar&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Lakshmi Narasimha Temple is dedicated to Vishnu. Its gopuram is eleven storeys tall. Mangalagiri means &amp;quot;The Auspicious Hill&amp;quot;. This temple is built on one of the eight important &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mahakshetrams&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (sacred sites) in India&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Yatra2Yatra. Sanjay Singh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Mangalagiri]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 15&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Annamalaiyar Temple]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Northern Gopuram&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(Pei Gopuram)&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu,India (4).jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 144&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Singh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 9th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Annamalaiyar Temple covers 10 hectares, and is one of the largest temples in [[India]]. It is surrounded by four large unpainted gopurams, one facing each cardinal direction. The northern gopuram is called the Pei Gopuram.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceB&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 16&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Ranganathaswamy Temple]],&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Vellayi Gopuram &lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Srirangam Temple Gopuram.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 144&lt;br /&gt;
|  &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kakani Lakshmana Kumar&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; 13th Century CE&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam#Gopurams]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{Circular reference|date=October 2020}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Ranganathaswamy Temple one of the largest temple complexes in India, covering an area of {{convert|156|acre}}.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Yatra2Yatra. Sanjay Singh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; It is home to twelve gopurams, the second largest being the Vellayi Gopuram.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/the-legend-of-vellayi/article2774700.ece|title=The legend of Vellayi|first=T. a|last=Narasimhan|date=January 4, 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Srirangam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 17&lt;br /&gt;
| Sankara Narayanan Temple, [[Sankaranayinarkoil]], [[Sankarankovil]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Sankaranarayana Swamy Temple.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 127&lt;br /&gt;
| 11th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| Sankara Narayanan Temple is located in the town of [[Sankaranayinarkoil]], and is dedicated to both [[Shiva]] and [[Vishnu]].&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Sankarankovil]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 18&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Srikanteshwara Temple, Nanjangud|Nanjundeshwara Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Srikanteshvara_Temple,_Nanjangud.JPG|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 120&lt;br /&gt;
| 19th century CE &lt;br /&gt;
| Also known as Srikanteshwara Temple, dedicated to [[Shiva]].&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Nanjangud]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]] The 9 storied, 120 feet tall temple Gopuram and its extensive exterior was built by Devarajammanni, the queen of the Mysore king Krishnaraja Wadiyar III.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tallest &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vimana&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Vimana (architectural feature)|Vimanas]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are structures over the sanctum of temples. In Northern India they are called &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sikharas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ReferenceA&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;  In the [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] style of architecture, the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;vimana&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is the sanctum (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;garbhagruha&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) of the temple housing the main deities and they are the tallest part of the entire temple. In many cases within South India, the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Vimana (architectural feature)|vimanams]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are confused with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[gopuram]]s&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.  In Tamil Nadu, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Vimana (architectural feature)|vimanams]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are present above the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Garbhagriha|garbhagruha]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or [[sanctum sanctorum]] of a Hindu temple and will be relatively smaller in size compared to the gopurams, which are usually present at the entrance of the temple. The fact of these vimana is that, usually these are always made by the shining material and also in practical life we believe that the good thing always rises up, so as per the santan dharma also, the positivity of God rises up to the shining vimana when sunlight falls on shining vimana it reflects all the postivity/blessing from the particular temple to the people. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Rank&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Temple&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Image&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Height&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ft&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Year&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Notes&lt;br /&gt;
! scope=&amp;quot;col&amp;quot; | Location&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Chaturbhuj Temple (Orchha)|Chaturbhuj Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:General View of Chaturbhuj Temple.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|344&lt;br /&gt;
|16th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
|Built by the Bundela [[Rajputs]] of the [[Orchha State]] in Central India, the temple blends styles of both ancient Nagara architecture and new Mughal influences. The temple is dedicated to [[Rama]] and is the tallest temple structure in India. &lt;br /&gt;
|[[Orchha]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
|[[New Vishwanath Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:New Vishwanath Temple at BHU 2007.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|250&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url =http://internet.bhu.ac.in/VT/aboutus.html|title =Vishwanath Mandir, BHU}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|1966&lt;br /&gt;
|The Birla family undertook the construction and foundation was laid in March 1931. The temple (Shri Vishwanath Mandir) was finally completed in 1966.&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Banaras Hindu University]], [[Varanasi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Big Temple-Temple.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 216&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Middle Chola Temples, S.R. Balasubrahmanyam&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;CBSE textbook on Social Studies Class 10&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 1010 AD&lt;br /&gt;
| align=left| The Peruvudaiyar Koyil or Brihadeeswarar Temple, also known as Rajarajeswaram,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;South Indian Inscriptions – VolII, Part I&amp;amp; II&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; at [[Thanjavur]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is the world&amp;#039;s first complete granite temple&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/|title=National Portal of India|website=www.india.gov.in}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and a brilliant example of the major heights achieved by [[Chola]]s kingdom [[Vishwakarmas]] in dravidian temple &amp;#039;&amp;#039;architecture&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. It is a tribute and a reflection of the power of its patron [[Rajaraja Chola|RajaRaja Chola I]]. It remains as one of the greatest glories of Indian architecture.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Atlas of the Year 1000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Atlas of the Year 1000 – Page 105 by John Man&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The temple is part of the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] &amp;quot;[[Great Living Chola Temples]]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Jagannath Temple, Puri.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 216&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Jagannatha Temple at Puri: its architecture, art, and cult&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.O. M. Starza&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 1174 C.E&lt;br /&gt;
| align=left| The Jagannath Temple in [[Puri]] is a famous [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Jagannath]] ([[Vishnu]]) and located in the coastal town of [[Puri]] in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Orissa, India]]. The name &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jagannath&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Lord of the Universe) is a combination of the [[Sanskrit]] words &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jagat&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Universe) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nath&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Lord of).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.shrifreedom.com/VyasaSJC/lessons1VedicConcepts.htm Vedic Concepts] &amp;quot;An example in Sanskrit is seen with the word Jagat which means universe.]&lt;br /&gt;
|accessdate=2006-09-12&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The temple was built in the 11th century atop its ruins by the progenitor of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]], King [[Eastern Ganga dynasty#Anantavarman Chodaganga|Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva]]. The temple is famous for its annual [[Rath Yatra]], or [[Temple car|chariot]] festival, in which the three main temple [[deities]] are hauled on huge and elaborately decorated [[temple car]]s. Since medieval times, it is also associated with intense religious fervour.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news&lt;br /&gt;
|url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,892784,00.html&lt;br /&gt;
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080314192047/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,892784,00.html&lt;br /&gt;
|url-status = dead&lt;br /&gt;
|archive-date = March 14, 2008&lt;br /&gt;
|title=Jagannath Temple History&lt;br /&gt;
| work=Time&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1959-07-20&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Puri]], [[Orissa, India|Odisha, India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 5&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Lingaraj Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Lingaraj Temple bbsr8.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 183.7&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Land and people of Indian states and union territories: in 36 volumes. Orissa &amp;#039;&amp;#039;.S. C. Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 11th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| align=left| Lingaraja Temple is a temple of the [[Hindu]] god [[Harihara]] and is one of the oldest temples of the Temple City [[Bhubaneswar]], a revered pilgrimage center and the capital of the state of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. The temple of Lingaraja, the biggest of all at Bhubaneswar is located within a spacious compound wall of laterite measuring 520&amp;amp;nbsp;feet by 465&amp;amp;nbsp;feet. The wall is 7&amp;amp;nbsp;feet 6&amp;amp;nbsp;inches thick and surmounted by a plain slant coping. Alongside the inner face of the boundary wall there runs a terrace probably meant to protect the compound wall against outside aggression.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra 1986 Page 69&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra]] (1986) Page 69. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Archaeology in Orissa Vol I&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. B. R. Publishers, Delhi {{ISBN|81-7018-346-4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Bhubaneshwar]], [[Orissa, India|Odisha, India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 6&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram|Brihadisvara temple, Gangankonda Cholapuram, Tamil Nadu]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Gangaikonda_Gopuram_5-10a.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 182&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nagasamy R, Rajapalayam (1970), State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 1035 AD&lt;br /&gt;
| The Vimana with its recessed corners and upward movement presents a striking contrast to the straight-sided pyramidal tower of Thanjavur but with octagon shape of Dravidian architecture. As it rises to a height of 182 feet (55 m) and is shorter than the Thanjavur tower with larger plinth, it is often described as the feminine counterpart of the Thanjavur temple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Vimana is flanked on either side by small temples; the one in the north now housing the Goddess is fairly well preserved. The small shrine of Chandikesvara is near the steps in the north. In the north-east are a shire housing Durga, a well called lion-well (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;simhakeni&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) with a lion figure guarding its steps and a late mandapa housing the office. Nandi is in the east facing the main shrine. In the same direction is the ruined gopura, the entrance tower. The main tower surrounded by little shrines truly presents the appearance of a great Chakravarti (emperor) surrounded by chieftains and vassals. The Gangaikondacholapuram Vimana is undoubtedly a devalaya chakravarti, an emperor among temples of South India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news&lt;br /&gt;
|url = http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/gangaikondacholapuram.html&lt;br /&gt;
|title=Gangankonda Cholapuram Temple History&lt;br /&gt;
| work=Time&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1959-07-20&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 7&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Somnath Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Somnath temple (16681942532).jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|155&lt;br /&gt;
|1951&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Prabhas Patan]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 8&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Konark Sun Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Sun Temple Konark 11087.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| 130&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.eodisha.com/height-of-sun-temple-konark-in-orissa/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-11-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509085621/http://www.eodisha.com/height-of-sun-temple-konark-in-orissa/ |archive-date=2012-05-09 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; 230 before ruin&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=http://konark.nic.in/maintemple.htm|title=main temple|website=konark.nic.in}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 13th century CE&lt;br /&gt;
| align=left| Konark Sun Temple (also known as the Black Pagoda), was built in black granite by King Narasimhadeva I (1236 C.E-1264 C.E) of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in the 13th century, the temple is designed in the shape of a colossal chariot with 24 wheels (3.3 m dia diameter each) drawn by seven horses and, carrying the Sun god, Surya, across the heavens. It is a stunning monument of religious (Brahmanical) [[Kalinga architecture]]. The large structure seen today is actually the mantapa (mandap). Of the main tower, which once stood in the front, only the remains can be seen. This tower (deul) was perhaps 230&amp;amp;nbsp;feet (70&amp;amp;nbsp;meters) tall, higher than any other temple in India.&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Konark]], [[Orissa, India|Odisha, India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Under construction ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Dynamic list}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;margin:1px; border:1px solid #ccc;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-  style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#ccc;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Planned height metres&amp;amp;nbsp;(feet)&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Completion&lt;br /&gt;
!City&lt;br /&gt;
!Country&lt;br /&gt;
!class=&amp;quot;unsortable&amp;quot;|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Comment&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-  style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{nts|213}} m (700&amp;amp;nbsp;ft)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iskconbangalore.org/meeting-his-spiritual-master/|title=Meeting His Spiritual Master}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir]] || {{dts|format=hide|2024}} est. 2024&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Vrindavan]] || {{IND}} || It will be the tallest religious monument in the world once completed. At its potential cost of ₹300 crore (US$42 million) it is likely to be one of the most expensive temples in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
|-  style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{nts|123}} m (405&amp;amp;nbsp;ft)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/11621284/Worlds-largest-temple-to-be-built-in-India-after-Muslims-donate-the-land-for-Hindu-shrine.html | title=World&amp;#039;s largest temple to be built in India – after Muslims donate the land for Hindu shrine | publisher=telegraph.co.uk | date=22 May 2015 | access-date=22 May 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528000916/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/11621284/Worlds-largest-temple-to-be-built-in-India-after-Muslims-donate-the-land-for-Hindu-shrine.html | archive-date=28 May 2015 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[Viraat Ramayan Mandir]] || {{dts|format=hide|2023}} est. 2022&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Kesaria]] ||{{IND}} || When completed, it will be the largest religious monument in the world. The Virat Ramayan Mandir will be almost double the height of the world-famous 12th century Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia.&lt;br /&gt;
|-  style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{nts|49}} m (161&amp;amp;nbsp;ft)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bhavya-ram-mandir-blueprint-take-a-3d-look-into-the-design-of-the-coveted-ayodhya-temple-video/626036|title=‘Bhavya Ram Mandir’ blueprint: Take a 3-D look into the design of the coveted temple|website=www.timesnownews.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[Ram Mandir, Ayodhya]] || {{dts|format=hide|2022}} est. 2022&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ayodhya]] || {{IND}} || A Hindu temple that is being built at the pilgrimage site of Ram Janmabhoomi.&lt;br /&gt;
|-  style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{nts|116}} m (380&amp;amp;nbsp;ft) || [[Temple of the Vedic Planetarium, Mayapur]] || {{dts|format=hide|2022}} 2022&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Mayapur]] || {{IND}} || After completion, the temple will be the biggest in the world, second to Angkor Wat in Cambodia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://tovp.org/|title=Temple of the Vedic Planetarium – Home|website=Temple of the Vedic Planetarium|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-04}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of large Hindu temples]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of large temple tanks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of human stampedes in Hindu temples]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Hindu temples|Lists of Hindu temples by country]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|3}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{refbegin|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{Citation |last=Chand |first=Attar |title= The great humanist Ramaswami Venkataraman |year=1987|publisher=Gian Publishing House |location=Delhi |isbn=81-212-0106-3|ref=Chand}}.&lt;br /&gt;
*{{Citation |last=Sajnani|first=Dr. Manohar |title=Encyclopedia of tourism resources in India, Volume 2 |year=2001|publisher=Kalpaz Publications |location=Delhi |isbn=81-7835-014-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxtnsT8CdZ4C&amp;amp;q=ekambaranathar+temple&amp;amp;pg=PA305|ref=Sajnani}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Citation |last=Singh |first=Sarina |author2=Lindsay Brown|author3=Mark Elliott|author4=Paul Harding|author5=Abigail Hole|author6=Patrick Horton |title=Lonely Planet India |year=2009|publisher=Lonely Planet |location=Australia |ref=Singh}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Citation |last=Tourist guide to Tamil Nadu |title=Tourist guide to Tamil Nadu|year=2007|publisher=T. Krishna Press |location=Chennai |isbn=978-81-7478-177-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nGxbJqdEQrwC&amp;amp;q=srivilliputhur&amp;amp;pg=PA109|ref=Tourist}}.&lt;br /&gt;
{{refend}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Hinduism (compact)}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
| name       = Religion-related lists of superlative buildings&lt;br /&gt;
| state      = {{{State|state=collapsed}}}&lt;br /&gt;
| title      = Lists of superlatives of [[religious building]]s&lt;br /&gt;
| listclass  = hlist&lt;br /&gt;
| image      = &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| group1 =By date&lt;br /&gt;
| list1  =&lt;br /&gt;
  {{Navbox|subgroup&lt;br /&gt;
  | group1 = Oldest&lt;br /&gt;
  | list1  = &lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of oldest church buildings|Churches]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of the oldest church buildings in Mexico|Mexico]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of the oldest churches in the United States|United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of the oldest mosques|Mosques]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of oldest minarets|Minarets]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of oldest synagogues|Synagogues]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Oldest synagogues in Canada|Canada]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Oldest synagogues in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of the oldest synagogues in the United States|United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| group2 =By size&lt;br /&gt;
| list2  =&lt;br /&gt;
  {{Navbox|subgroup&lt;br /&gt;
  | group2 = Largest&lt;br /&gt;
  | list2  = &lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of largest church buildings|Churches]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of the largest evangelical church auditoriums|Evangelical]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of largest Eastern Orthodox church buildings|Eastern Orthodox]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of largest mosques|Mosques]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of largest Hindu temples|Hindu temples]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of large temple tanks|Temple tanks]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of largest Hindu ashrams|Hindu ashrams]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  | group3 = Longest&lt;br /&gt;
  | list3  = &lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of longest church buildings|Churches]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  | group4 = Tallest&lt;br /&gt;
  | list4  = &lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of tallest church buildings|Churches]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of tallest Eastern Orthodox church buildings|Eastern Orthodox]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of tallest mosques|Mosques]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[List of tallest minarets|Minarets]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Hindu temples&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Structural extremes}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Worship in Hinduism}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Hindu holy cities}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Hindudharma}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hinduism-related lists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists of tallest structures|Gopruams]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Towers in India]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists of Hindu temples|Gopurams, Tallest]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>&gt;Qwerfjkl (bot)</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>