imported>Dominus Moravian at 21:54, 5 August 2021

2021-08-05T21:54:50Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = लोहारू रियासत <br> {{nq|''ریاست لوہارو''}}
|conventional_long_name =Loharu State
|common_name =Loharu
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1806
|date_start =
|event_start =
|year_end = 1947
|date_end =
|event_end = [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Loharu state flag.png
|image_coat =
|image_map = Punjab_1909.jpg
|image_map_caption = Loharu at the edge of [[Punjab (British India)]], 1903
|capital = [[Loharu]]
|stat_area1 = 570
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 15,229
|today = [[India]]
|footnotes =
|demonym=
}}

'''Loharu State''' was one of the [[princely state]]s of [[India]] during the period of the [[British Raj]].<ref>[http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/l/loharu.html Loharu Princely State (nine gun salute)]</ref> It was part of the [[Punjab States Agency]] and was a nine-gun [[salute state]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

Loharu State encompassed an area of {{convert|222|sqmi|km2}}, and was situated in the south-east corner of the undivided [[Punjab region|Punjab]] province, between the district of [[Hisar district|Hissar]] and the [[Rajputana Agency]].<ref>[http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/india/xloharu.html 1909 location map of Loharu in British Punjab]</ref> In 1901, the state had a population of 15,229 people, of whom 2,175 resided in the town of [[Loharu]].<ref name=en>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Loharu |volume=16 |page=922}}</ref> From 1803 to 1835, the territory of Loharu State also included an [[Ferozepur Jhirka]] enclave within the area directly administered by the [[British raj]],<ref name=brit>{{cite web |author=Sir Thomas Metcalfe|author-link=Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet| title = {{sic|nolink=y|Assas|ination}} of William Fraser, Agent to the Governor-General of India| url = http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/a/019addor0005475u00031vrb.html |publisher=British Library| access-date = 2014-02-01 }}</ref><ref name=imp/> Outer limits of the state were defined by the peripheral towns of Loharu, [[Bahal, Bhiwani|Bahal]], [[Isharwal, Haryana|Isharwal]], [[Kairu]], [[Jui Khurd]] and [[Badhra]].

The ''[[haveli]]'' of 'Nawab of Loharu', known as ''Mahal Sara'', lies in Gali Qasim Jan in Ballimaran, where his son-in-law, noted poet [[Mirza Ghalib]] stayed for a few years, whose own [[Ghalib ki Haveli]] lies a few yard away.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990412/ige12033.html HC fiat to Centre, Delhi Govts on poet Mirza Ghalib's haveli] ''[[Indian Express]]'', 12 April 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.civilsocietyonline.com/Heritage/delhi.asp Delhi Hunger and History in Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708161658/http://www.civilsocietyonline.com/Heritage/delhi.asp |date=8 July 2011 }} Jauymini Barkataky, ''Civil Society'', April 2007 Edition.</ref> Now the ''[[lane|gali]]'', which houses the Mahal Sara, is known as ''Kothi Nawab Loharu'' lane in Ballimaran mohalla of [[Chandni Chowk]] area in [[Old Delhi]].<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/after-30-years-and-3-foundations-decks-clear.../370570/ Senior Secondary Panama Building Girls School in the Kothi Nawab Loharu lane in Ballimaran] ''[[Indian Express]]'', 8 October 2008.</ref>

==History==
[[File:Gali_Qasim_Jan_in_Ballimaran,_Old_Delhi.jpg|thumb|Gali Qasim Jan in Ballimaran]]

[[Loharu]] town, the seat of the state's administration town got its name from the ''Lohars'' (local [[blacksmith]]s) who were employed in the minting of coins for the erstwhile [[Jaipur State]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_176.gif Loharu Town] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 16, p. 170.</ref> The [[princely state]] of Loharu was founded by Ahmad Baksh Khan in 1803 when he received the town of Loharu, (along with the ''[[pargana]]'' of 'Firozepur Jirka' (now in [[Nuh district]]), from the [[Lord Lake]] of British [[East India Company]] as a reward for his services against the [[Jat people|Jat]] rulers of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]].<ref name=imp>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_175.gif Loharu State] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 16, p. 169.</ref><ref>[http://hamidhussain.com/chapter5.aspx Chapter 5: My Loharu Connection] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830035822/http://hamidhussain.com/chapter5.aspx |date=30 August 2009 }} ''The Battle Within'', by [[Mirza Hamid Hussain|Brigadier Mirza Hamid Hussain]], Pakistan Army 33. 1970. {{ISBN|969-407-286-7}} -.([[ebook]])</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&pg=RA3-PA691&lpg=RA3-PA691&dq=Loharu+history&source=web&ots=dawCuJUzyI&sig=DJevyjm8uOgKA8ebPPTmgbfq2nI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result The State of Loharu] ''Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey'', by Somerset Playne, R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond, Arnold Wright. Asian Educational Services, 2006. {{ISBN|81-206-1965-X}}.''Page 691''.</ref>

[[File:Sir Amir-ud-din Ahmad Khan, Nawab of Loharu, 1884-1920.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Sir Amiruddin Ahmad Khan<br />Nawab of Loharu,1884-1920.]]
Ahmad Baksh Khan was succeeded by his eldest son, Sams-ud-din Khan [Samsudin Ahmad Khan], in 1827; his reign did not last long: in 1835 he was executed by the [[British Raj]] for being involved in the conspiracy to kill the [[British Resident]] to Delhi, [[William Fraser (British India civil servant)|Sir William Frazer]],<ref name=dawn>[http://www.dawn.com/2005/05/26/nat14.htm Loharu family’s get-together in capital – Islamabad] ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]], 26 May 2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=21&section=0&article=105257&d=9&m=1&y=2008 The Story of Many Moons] ''[[ArabNews]]'', "Sams-ud-din Khan is one of the characters in the [[historical fiction|historic novel]], ''Kai chand thay sar-e asman'' (novel), by [[Shamsur Rahman Faruqi]]."</ref> Noted Urdu poet [[Daagh Dehlvi]] was a son of Nawab Samsuddin Khan.<ref name=IndianExpress>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/finding-wazir/1129442/ |title=Finding Wazir |publisher=The Indian Express (newspaper)|date=16 June 2013|author=Amrita Dutta|access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Omair Ahmad">{{cite web|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/bookbeat/the-mirror-of-beauty |title=An incandescent star, a polyphonic constellation|author=Omair Ahmad|date= 14 September 2013|publisher=The Sunday Guardian|access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref> subsequently the pargana of Firozepur was taken away by the British and the state of Loharu was given to his brothers, Amin-ud-din and Zia-ud-din Khan. Both were themselves kept under surveillance after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] for some time, before being released and their positions restored.

Alauddin Ahmed Khan succeeded his father Amin-ud-din Khan in 1869 and received the title of Nawab. Alauddin's son, Amir-ud-din Ahmad Khan (1859–1937), after managing the state on his father's behalf, succeed him in 1884, though from 1893 to 1903, he remained administrator and adviser of the state of [[Maler Kotla]]{{snd}} during this time, the state was being handled by his younger brother, Bashiruddin Ahmed Khan. In 1903, Amir- ud-din Ahmad Khan also received the [[Order of the Star of India|K.C.S.I]] honour from the British Government and after 1 January 1903 was allowed a 9 gun personal salute.<ref name=imp/> He later became a member of the [[Viceroy of India]]'s [[legislative council]].<ref name=en/><ref name=enc>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Sir |volume=24 |page=278 |first=William |last=Lee-Warner}}</ref>

[[File:Loharu State, State Court Fee Stamp, 8 Annas.JPG|right|250px|thumb|Loharu State, State Court Fee Stamp, 8 Annas, issued under Nawab [[Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan]]<br />(r. 1926–1947)]]
In 1920, he abdicated to his second son, Aizzuddin Ahmad Khan, though he died early in 1926, leaving the state to his son, [[Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan]] (1911–1983) - the last Nawab.<ref name=gen>[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/l/loharu.html Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu] ''[[Queensland University]]''.</ref> However, since the new Nawab was still young, Amirud-din Ahmad Khan stepped in and took care of the state till 1931.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

After the [[Independence of India]] in 1947, the state acceded to the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] and many of the ruling family and the city's Muslim inhabitants re-settled in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]], though the Nawab and his direct descendants (except for the eldest daughter of Nawab Aminuddin Ahmed, Mahbano Begum who lives in Islamabad), stayed on, in India.<ref name=dawn/>

===Nawabs of Loharu===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"|Lineage
|-
! Nawab
! Reign
|-
| Ahmad Bakhsh Khan || 1806–1827
|-
| Sams-ud-din Khan (Samsuddin Ahmad Khan) || 1827–1835
|-
| Aminuddin Ahmad Khan || 1835 - 27 February 1869
|-
| Allauddin Ahmad Khan || 27 February 1869 – 31 October 1884
|-
| Amiruddin Ahmad Khan, [[Order of the Star of India|K.C.S.I]] || 31 October 1884 - April 1920 (abdicated)
|-
| Azizuddin Ahmad Khan || April 1920 - 30 October 1926
|-
| Aminuddin Ahmad Khan II || 30 October 1926 – 15 August 1947
|}

===Notable members of the Loharu dynasty===
The ruling family of Loharu was linked by blood or marriage to several important Muslim personalities of the 19th century, including:
* [[Mirza Ghalib]] (1796 — 1869), renowned [[Urdu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] poet, married Umrao Begum, daughter of Nawab Ilahi Bakhsh Khan (younger brother of the first Nawab, Ahmad Baksh Khan).
* [[Daagh Dehlvi]] (1831 – 1905), a noted Urdu poet was a son of second Nawab, Samsuddin Ahmad Khan.<ref name=IndianExpress/><ref name="Omair Ahmad"/>
* [[Syed Ahmed Khan]] (1817 – 1898), educationist [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]]<ref name="enc"/>
* [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] (1905–1977), [[President of India]] (1974–1977)
* [[Nawab of Pataudi#Rulers|Ibrahim Ali Khan Pataudi]] (r. 1913–1917), [[Nawab of Pataudi]], married Shahar Bano Begum, daughter of Nawab Amiruddin Ahmad Khan.

===Courtiers===
[[List of Zaildars by Zail#Bidhwan Jaglan Zail|Jaglan Zail of Bidhwan]] was adjacent to the Loharu State.

Mir Muhammad Khan, was a fine vocalist in the court of Maharaja Loharu, a descendant of Mir Allahbux who a famous vocalists and the court-musician of [[Raja]] [[Nahar Singh]] of [[Ballabhgarh#History|Ballabhgarh State]].<ref name=balidan18>Amala Dāśaśarmā, 1993, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FKWfAAAAMAAJ Musicians of India: Past and Present : Gharanas of Hindustani Music and Genealogies]</ref>

===Post-Independence===
====Loharu descendants in India====
* [[Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan]], the last ruling Nawab: Served in the [[Indian Army]], seeing action during the liberation of [[Portuguese India]] in 1961. He was later elected to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan]] state, and ended his chequered career as the [[List of Governors of Himachal Pradesh|governor of Himachal Pradesh]] (1977–1981) and [[List of Governors of Punjab (India)|governor of Punjab]] (1981–1982).
** Ala-uddin Ahmad Khan II (Born 1938): After staying in Kolkata for many year, he now lives in Loharu town; where the Loharu fort, now in ruins, stands in its center,<ref name=trii>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070824/harplus1.htm#17 "Eighth Nawab" of Loharu Alauddin Ahmed Khan] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'', 23 August 2007.</ref> and a major tourist attraction <ref name=bhi>[http://www.haryana-online.com/districts/bhiwani.htm Bhiwani district] ''www.haryana-online.com''.</ref>
** Aimaduddin Ahmad Khan, or 'Durru Mian' (Born 1944) married to Fauzia Ahmad Khan: [[Indian National Congress]] politician, member [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan]], Health Minister Of Rajasthan state,<ref>[http://www.pratham.org/novib/school_infra/school_progrmm.php Nawab of Loharu] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221214719/http://www.pratham.org/novib/school_infra/school_progrmm.php |date=21 February 2009 }}</ref> settled in [[Jaipur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mariekesartofliving.com/header/jaipur_party/hotels/jaipur_hotels |title=Heritage |publisher=Mariekesartofliving.com |access-date=2013-12-08}}</ref>
** [[Noor Bano (politician)|Noor Bano]] (Born 1939): Married to Syed [[Zulfiqar Ali Khan]] of [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] (Titular Nawab of Rampur), and a member [[11th Lok Sabha]] and [[13th Lok Sabha]].

====Loharu descendants in Pakistan====
* [[Jamiluddin Aali]], (born 1926, Delhi), Urdu poet, playwright.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2008/06/05/fea.htm Jamiluddin Aali - ''Pakistani Poet''] ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'', 5 June 2008.</ref>
* Mahbano Begum, (born 1934, Loharu), eldest daughter of Nawab Aminuddin Ahmad Khan, married to H. E. Dr. S. M. Koreshi, Ambassador of Pakistan.<ref name=dawn/>
*[[Junaid Jamshed|Junaid Jamshed Khan]], (died 2016, Havelian) son of granddaughter of last Nawab of Loharu, Pakistani Artist and Personality

===Adjacent states and jagirs===
* [[Jind State]], bordering south east
* [[Patiala State]], bordering south
* [[List of Zaildars by Zail#Bidhwan Jaglan Zail|Jaglan Zail of Bidhwan]], bordering north was directly administered by the British raj.

==See also==
* [[History of Haryana]]
* [[List of princely states of British India (by region)|List of princely states of British India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/l/loharu.html Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu] ''[[Queensland University]]''

{{Princely states of India}}
{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}
{{coord|28.45|N|75.82|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:Muslim princely states of India]]
[[Category:Bhiwani district]]
[[Category:1806 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1947 disestablishments in India]]

Loharu State - Revision history

imported>Dominus Moravian at 21:54, 5 August 2021