Hojjathassanpour2023 at 02:22, 24 December 2025

2025-12-24T02:22:43Z

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{{short description|Geologic formation in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Lower Dharmaram Formation
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = [[Norian|Latest Norian]]–[[Rhaetian]]<br />~{{fossil range|211|202}}
| period = Rhaetian
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]], [[Mudstone]]
| otherlithology =
| namedfor = [[Dharmaram, Peddapalli district|Dharmaram]]
| namedby =
| region = [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.2|N|79.6|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|32.3|S|36.1|E|display=inline}}
| unitof = [[Gondwana Group]]
| subunits =
| underlies = [[Upper Dharmaram Formation]]
| overlies = [[Upper Maleri Formation]]
| thickness =
| extent = [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | India
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| lat_deg = 19.2
| lon_deg = 79.6
| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
| map_caption =
}}

The '''Lower Dharmaram Formation''' is a [[sedimentary]] [[geological formation|rock formation]] found in [[Telangana]], [[India]]. It is one of the formations of the [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]. It is of latest [[Norian]] and [[Rhaetian]] ages ([[Upper Triassic]]), and is notable for its [[fossil]]s of early [[dinosaur]]s.

== Vertebrate fauna ==
cf. ''[[Paratypothorax]]'', cf. ''[[Nicrosaurus]]'', fragmentary remains of [[sauropodomorph]]s ([[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]] R279, 280, 281) and [[neotheropod]]s (ISI R283) have also been recovered from it.<ref name=Indiansaupo>Novas et al., 2011, p.345</ref>

{{paleobiota-key-compact}}

=== Saurischians ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Saurischia|Saurischians]] reported from the Lower Dharmaram Formation'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
| ''[[Jaklapallisaurus]]''
| ''J. assymetrica''<ref name=Indiansaupo/>
| [[Telangana]]
|
| "ISI R279, distal end of right [[femur]]."<ref name=Indiansaupo/>
| A [[Unaysauridae|unaysaurid]], also found in the [[Upper Maleri Formation]].
|
|-
| [[Sauropodomorpha]]
| Indeterminate
| [[Telangana]]
|
| "ISIR 280, astragalus."
| An Indeterminate Sauropodomorpha.
|
|-
| [[Neotheropoda]]
| Indeterminate
| [[Telangana]]
|
| "ISIR 283, incomplete femur."
| An Indeterminate [[Neotheropod]].
|
|-
|}

=== Pseudosuchians ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Pseudosuchia|Pseudosuchians]] reported from the Lower Dharmaram Formation'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
| ''[[Kuttysuchus]]''
| ''K. minor''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haldar |first1=A. |last2=Ray |first2=S. |last3=Bandyopadhyay |first3=S. |year=2024 |title=A new paratypothoracin aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic Dharmaram Formation of India and its biostratigraphic implications |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |at=e2439533 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2024.2439533 }}</ref>
| Telangana
|
|
| A [[Typothoracinae|typothoracine]] [[Aetosauria|aetosaur]].
|
|-
| ''[[Venkatasuchus]]''
| ''V. armatus''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Haldar |first1=A. |last2=Ray |first2=S. |last3=Bandyopadhyay |first3=S. |year=2023 |title=A new typothoracine aetosaur (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic of India with insights on biostratigraphy, diversification, and paleobiogeography |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |at=e2253292 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2253292 }}</ref>
| Telangana
|
|
| A typothoracine aetosaur
| [[File:Venkatasuchus reconstruction.png|frameless]]
|-
| cf. ''[[Paratypothorax]]''
| sp.
| Telangana
|
|
|A typothoracine aetosaur.
|
|-
| cf. ''[[Nicrosaurus]]''
| sp.
| Telangana
|
|
|A [[Mystriosuchini|mystriosuchin]] [[Parasuchidae|parasuchid]].
|
|-
| cf. ''[[Desmatosuchus|Desmantosuchus]]''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Haldar |first1=A. |last2=Ray |first2=S. |last3=Bandyopadhyay |first3=S. |title=First report of desmatosuchin aetosaurs (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the lower part of Dharmaram Formation and a biostratigraphic re-evaluation of the upper Triassic horizons of India |year=2025 |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |pages=1–30 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2025.2569748 }}</ref>
| sp.
| Telangana
|
|
| A typothoracine aetosaur.
|
|-
| [[Desmatosuchinae]] indet.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|
| Telangana
|
|
| Indeterminate typothoracine aetosaurs.
|
|}

== Correlations ==
The formation has been correlated with the [[Elliot Formation|Lower Elliot Formation]] ([[Karoo Basin]]) and [[Forest Sandstone]] of Africa, the [[Caturrita Formation]] of the [[Paraná Basin]] in Brazil, the [[Laguna Colorada Formation|Laguna Colorada]] and [[Los Colorados Formation]]s ([[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]]) of Argentina, the [[Chinle Formation]] of North America, the [[Trossingen Formation]] of the [[Keuper]] of Germany, and the [[Nam Phong Formation]] of Thailand.<ref name=Novas2011_p343>Novas et al., 2011, p.343</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Geology|Paleontology}}
* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{citation |last1=Novas |first1=Fernando E. |last2=Ezcurra |first2=Martín D. |author3-link=Sankar Chatterjee |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Sankar |last4=Kutty |first4=T.S. |year=2011 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231824148 |journal=[[Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]] |volume=101 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093 |bibcode=2010EESTR.101..333N |accessdate=2019-04-06 |author1-link=Fernando Novas }}{{doi|10.1017/S1755691011020093}}

== Further reading ==
* {{citation |last1=Weishampel |first1=David B. |author2-link=Peter Dodson |last2=Dodson |first2=Peter |author3-link=Halszka Osmólska |last3=Osmólska |first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria, 2nd edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21 |isbn=0-520-24209-2 |author1-link=David B. Weishampel }}

[[Category:Geologic formations of India]]
[[Category:Triassic System of Asia]]
[[Category:Norian Stage]]
[[Category:Rhaetian Stage]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Asia]]
[[Category:Paleontology in India]]
[[Category:Geology of Andhra Pradesh]]

{{geologic-formation-stub}}

Lower Dharmaram Formation - Revision history

Hojjathassanpour2023 at 02:22, 24 December 2025