https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Lower_Himalayan_RangeLower Himalayan Range - Revision history2026-07-30T11:25:32ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Lower_Himalayan_Range&diff=333969&oldid=prevUpdateBot at 09:37, 5 June 20222022-06-05T09:37:42Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Inner mountain range of the Himalayas}}<br />
[[File:Mahabharat Range at Tansen 2.jpg|thumb|334x334px|Lower Himalayan Range in [[Tansen, Nepal|Tansen]], [[Nepal]]. Great Himalaya range pictured in the background.]]<br />
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The '''Lower Himalayan Range''' ({{lang-ne|पर्वत शृङ्खला}} parbat shrinkhalā) – also called the '''Inner Himalayas''' or '''Lesser Himalayas''' or '''Himachal''' – is a major east–west mountain range with elevations 3,700 to 4,500 m (12,000 to 14,500 feet)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Lesser-Himalayas|title=Lesser Himalayas - mountains, Asia|website=britannica.com|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> along the crest, paralleling the much higher [[Great Himalayas|High Himalayas]] range from the [[Indus River]] in [[Geography of Pakistan|Pakistan]] across northern [[Geography of India|India]], [[Geography of Nepal|Nepal]] and [[Geography of Bhutan|Bhutan]] but then the two ranges become increasingly difficult to differentiate east of Bhutan as the ranges approach the [[Brahmaputra River]]. The Himachal range also parallels the lower [[Sivalik Hills|Shiwalik or Churia Range]] (Outer Himalaya) to the south. The [[Pir Panjal Range|Pir Panjal]] is the largest range of the Lesser Himalayas.<br />
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==Background==<br />
Southern slopes of the Himachal Range are steep and nearly uninhabited due to a major [[Fault (geology)|fault]] system called the 'Main Boundary Thrust". The crest and northern slopes slope gently enough to support [[upland pasture]]s and terraced fields. Nepal's densely populated [[Middle Hills of Nepal|Middle Hills]] begin along the crest, extending north through lower valleys and other "hills" until population thins out above 2,000 m and [[cereal]]-based agriculture increasingly gives way to seasonal herding and cold-tolerant crops such as [[potato]]es.<br />
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Most ethnic groups found along the Himachal Range and northward into the Middle Hills have [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] affinities including [[People of Nepal|Nepalese]] origins of [[Newar]], [[Magar people|Magar]], [[Gurung]], [[Tamang]], [[Rai (ethnic group)|Rai]] and [[Limbu people|Limbu]], however the most populous ethnic group is Indo-European [[Hindu]]s called [[Pahari people (Nepal)|Paharis]], mainly of the upper [[Brahmin|Brahman]], and [[Kshatriya]], or [[Chhettri|Chhetri]] castes. Lower terrain south of the escarpment was historically [[malaria]]l and inhabited by apparently aboriginal peoples with evolved immunity, notably the [[Tharu people|Tharu]] and [[Mithila, Nepal|Maithili people]].<br />
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The Himachal Range is an important hydrographic barrier crossed by relatively few rivers. Drainage systems have evolved candelabra configurations with numerous tributaries flowing south from the Himalaya through the Middle Hills, gathering immediately north of the Himachal Range and cutting through in major gorges as the [[Karnali River|Karnali]] in the west, the [[Gandaki River|Gandaki]] or Narayani in central Nepal, and the [[Kosi River|Kosi]] in the east.<br />
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With temperatures persisting around forty degrees Celsius in the plains of India from April until the onset of the [[Monsoon|summer monsoon]] in June, but ten to fifteen degrees cooler atop the Himachal Range, [[List of Indian hill stations|Hill Stations]] were developed as alternate capitals and resorts for the hot season by India's [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and [[British India|British]] rulers. There are no hill stations in Nepal or Bhutan since the capital cities are high enough to avoid extreme heat.<br />
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==References==<br />
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