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{{Short description|Rao of Bikaner (1470–1526)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Lunkaran
| title = [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]]
| image =
| reign = 23 January 1505 – 30 March 1526
| predecessor = Nara
| successor = Jait Singh
| dynasty = [[Rathore]]
| spouse = Daughter of [[Rana Raimal|Raimal]], [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of [[Udaipur State|Mewar]] (m. 1514)
| issue = Jait Singh ''Several others''
| father = [[Rao Bika|Bika]]
| mother = Rang Kanwar of [[Pugal]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1470|1|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Deshnoke]] (in present-day [[Bikaner district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1526|3|30|1470|1|12|df=y}}
| death_place = Dhosi (in present-day [[Jhunjhunu district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]])
| place of burial=
|}}

'''Lunkaran''' (12 January 1470 – 30 March 1526) was the third [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]], ruling from 1505 to 1526. He spent much of his two-decade long reign consolidating and expanding the territories of his relatively new kingdom.

==Background==
Lunkaran was born on 12 January 1470, a younger son of [[Rao Bika]], the eponymous founder of the [[Bikaner State|kingdom of Bikaner]]. His mother, Bhatiyani Rani Rang Kanwar, was the daughter of [[Shekha of Amarsar|Rao Shekha]], the [[Bhati]] ruler of [[Pugal]].<ref name=SaranZieglerP194>{{cite book |last1=Saran |first1=Richard |last2=Ziegler |first2=Norman P. |title=The Meṛtīyo Rāṭhoṛs of Meṛto, Rājasthān: Biographical notes with introduction, glossary of kinship terms and indexes |publisher=University of Michigan, Centers for South and Southeast Asian Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QVuAAAAMAAJ |year=2001 |page=194 |isbn=9780891480853 }}</ref>

==Reign==
In January 1505, Lunkaran ascended the throne at the age of 35 following the premature death of his elder brother Nara.<ref name=SaranZieglerP194/> His first military engagement was the suppression of nobles who, after having lost lands under Bika, had revolted during the reign of Nara. Later, in 1509, he marched against Man Singh Chauhan of [[Dardrewa]], defeating him after a siege of seven months and absorbing his lands.<ref name=SehgalP28>{{cite book |last=K.K. |first=Sehgal |title=Rajasthan District Gazetteers- Bikaner |publisher=Bharat Printers |year=1962 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.146804/page/n47 28] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.146804 }}</ref><ref name=SaranZieglerP194/> In 1512, he invaded [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan|Fatehpur]], which was being ruled by the [[Kayam Khani]] king Daulat Khan. Taking advantage of a feud between Khan and another ruler, Lunkaran swept into the region and annexed 120 villages.<ref name=SehgalP28/> The following year, he defeated the [[Khanzada Rajputs|Khanzada]] ruler of [[Nagaur]] in battle<ref name=SaranZieglerP194/> and also conquered extensive territory from [[Chayal Rajputs]] near [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] and [[Sirsa]].<ref name=SehgalP28/>

In early 1526, he became involved in a dispute with [[Rawal]] Jait Singh of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]]. Allegedly, the contention arose when Jait Singh insulted Lunkaran's clan, the [[Rathore]]s, publicly in court. When chided by a noble visiting from Bikaner, the Rawal mocked them further by stating that he would bestow to the [[Brahmin]]s of his kingdom as much land as the Rathors could ride over. When the noble reported the exchanged to Lunkaran, he took up the challenge and, with his riders, invaded the Rawal's territory. His forces penetrated as far as the city of [[Jaisalmer]] itself and laid siege to it, capturing Jait Singh in the process. He only lifted the assault and released the captive king after the latter pledged to give his daughter in marriage to one of Lunkaran's sons.<ref name=SaranZieglerP194/>

==Death==
In March that same year, Lunkaran and three of his sons rode into battle against the [[Nawab]] of [[Narnaul]]. However, while fighting in the village of Dhosi, several of his supporters withdrew from the battle. As a result of this, the Bikaner forces were overwhelmed, with Lunkaran and his sons being killed. He was succeeded on the throne by his son Jait Singh.<ref name=SaranZieglerP194/><ref name=SehgalP28/>

==Issue==
===Sons===
* Ratan Singh – ancestor of the chiefs of Mahajan
* Jait Singh, Rao of Bikaner
* Pratap Singh (killed in Narnaul)
* Barsi (killed in Narnaul)
* Tejsi
* Netasi
* Kishan Singh
* Ram Singh
* Suraj Mal
* Kushal Singh
* Roop Singh
* Karamsi
<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Rajvi Amar |title=Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZIMAQAAMAAJ |year=1992 |page=233 }}</ref>

===Daughters===
* Bala Bai: married [[Prithviraj Singh I]], Raja of [[Jaipur State|Amber]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Singh|1992|page=1518}}</ref>
* Unnamed daughter: married Nahar Khan, [[Kayam Khani]] ruler of [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan|Fatehpur]] (son of Daulat Khan)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Budhwar |first1=Sunita |date=1978 |title=The Qayamkhani Shaikhzada family of Fatehpur—Jhunjunu |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=39 |issue=1 |page=414 |jstor=44139379 }}</ref>

== Ancestry ==
{{Ahnentafel
|align=center|collapsed=yes
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Lunkaran, Rao of Bikaner'''
|2= 2. [[Rao Bika|Bika]], Roa of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]]<ref name=SaranZieglerP194/>
|3= 3. Rang Kanwar Bhatiyani of [[Pugal]]<ref name=SaranZieglerP194/>
|4= 4. [[Jodha of Mandore|Jodha]], Rao of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<ref name=SinghP204>{{harvtxt|Singh|1992|page=204}}</ref>
|5= 5. Navaranga De Sankhli of Roon<ref name=SinghP204/>
|6= 6. [[Shekha of Amarsar|Shekha]], Rao of [[Pugal]]<ref name=SaranZieglerP194/>
|7=
|8= 8. [[Ranmal]], Rao of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<ref name=SinghP175>{{harvtxt|Singh|1992|page=175}}</ref>
|9= 9. Kodamde Bhatiyani of [[Pugal]]<ref name=SinghP175/>
|10= 10. Jaits Sankhala of Roon<ref name=SinghP204/>
|11=
|12= 12. Bairsal, Rao of [[Pugal]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Singh|1992|page=1400}}</ref>
|13=
|14=
|15=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lunkaran}}
[[Category:Rajput rulers]]
[[Category:1470 births]]
[[Category:1526 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Bikaner]]
[[Category:People from Bikaner]]

Lunkaran - Revision history

UpdateBot at 22:16, 22 April 2022