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{{Short description|Indian Christian theologian, social thinker, and activist (1916–1996)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Thomas|Madathilparampil Mammen}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. M. Thomas
| image = M. M. Thomas.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = WCC Photo of M. M. Thomas in 1953
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1916|5|15}}
| birth_place = [[Kozhenchery]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1996|12|3|1916|5|15}}
| death_place = [[Tiruvalla]], [[Kerala]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Theologian]] and Governor of [[Nagaland]]
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Madathilparampil Mammen Thomas''' (1916—1996) was an Indian Christian theologian, social thinker, and activist. He served as Governor of the [[India]]n State, [[Nagaland]] (1990–1992), and as the Chairperson of the Central Committee of [[World Council of Churches]] (1968–1975).

==Biography==
Thomas was born on 15 May 1916 at Kozhenchery, [[Kerala]] India. His father Madathilparampil Mammen was a reformation leader, printer and publisher based in [[Kozhenchery]], Kerala, and was involved in the Independence Movement in [[India]] during the Salt Satygraha. His mother was Ooriapadickal Mariamma, a school teacher. He was the eldest of nine children.

Thomas was raised in a [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]],<ref>[https://brill.com/display/book/9789401206198/B9789401206198-s013.xml Brill website, ''Christ between the Religions: The Great Three: Panikkar, Thomas, Samartha'', article by J.P. Schouten]</ref> in which his father was well known evangelist. In 1931, Thomas went to study Chemistry in a college in Trivandrum, Kerala, and had an evangelical spiritual experience. As a consequence, he became active in the Mar Thoma Youth Union and the Student Christian Movement, and became involved in evangelism among low-caste youth. He later attended the [[Union Theological Seminary]] in New York.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VGJ4w6oVqoAC&dq=Vengal+Chakkarai&pg=PA59 Google Books, ''Theologia Crucis in Asia: Asian Christian Views on Suffering'', by Andreas Anangguru Yewangoe, page 82]</ref> Soon after obtaining his degree in 1935, he accepted the post of a teacher at Ashramam High School, Perumbavoor, run by the Mar Thoma Church, where the teachers used to pay part of their meager salary to the students from poor families. In 1937, instead of taking a lucrative job he went to [[Trivandrum]], the capital of [[Kerala]] and started an orphanage there.<ref name="pilgrimage">{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=M. M. |title=My Pilgrimage in Mission |journal=[[International Bulletin of Missionary Research]] |date=January 1989 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=28–31 |url=http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/1989-01/1989-01-028-thomas.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720163505/http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/1989-01/1989-01-028-thomas.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>

Thomas was the first full-time organizing secretary of Yuvajana Sakhyam (the Youth wing of the [[Mar Thoma Church]]) from 1945-47.<ref>{{cite book|first=N.M.|last=Mathew|title=Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram ([[Mar Thoma Church]] History)|volume=3|year=2008|page=129}}</ref> He applied for ordination in the [[Mar Thoma Church]], but that was rejected because of his membership in Communist party. At the same time he was rejected by the communist party because of his faith.{{blockquote|An amendment I proposed for the "Aim and Basis" of the Youth Christian Council of Action wanted it to "accept the Catholic Christian Faith and Marxian Scientific Socialism," reacting against "both Fundamentalism that is indifferent to science and social questions and the Liberal Social Gospel which denies the fact of sin" and to offer "the Orthodox Christian Faith as in the long run the only possible basis for social and scientific realism." <br/>It was to pursue this double task of the Christian mission that I asked for ordination in my church and for membership in the Communist party. Both rejected me, for opposite reasons.<ref name="pilgrimage"/>}}

Thomas became known for his ecumenical work, first being on staff with the [[World Student Christian Federation]] in Geneva (1947-1953), then serving as a moderator of the Central committee of the [[World Council of Churches]] (1968-1975).<ref name=bdcm>{{cite book|first=Charles C.|last=West|chapter=Thomas, M(adathilparampil) M(ammen)|title= Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions|editor-first=Gerald H. |editor-last=Anderson|location=New York|publisher=Macmillan Reference |year=1998|pages=666–667}}</ref> He also served with the Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society from 1958 to 1975.<ref>[https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/t-u-v/thomas-madathilparampil-mammen-1916-1996/ Boston University website, Missiology section, ''Thomas, M(adathilparampil) M(ammen) (1916-1996)'']</ref>

In 1990 he was appointed as Governor of [[Nagaland]], a state with a large number of Christians, but later resigned in 1992.<ref name=bdcm/>

He was conferred with the honorary doctorate degree by the University of [[Uppsala]] in 1978.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=West |first1=Charles C. |title=A Tribute |journal=The Princeton Seminary Bulletin |date=1997 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=208–210 |url=http://www.talentshare.org/~mm9n/articles/mmt/index.htm |access-date=10 January 2023}}</ref> He was living at Manjadi, [[Tiruvalla]]. He died on 3 December 1996 and was laid to rest at [[Tiruvalla]], [[Kerala]].<ref name=":0" />

==Works==
#Secular Ideologies and the Secular Meaning of Christ (Madras: Christian Literature Society, 1976)
#''The acknowledged Christ of the Indian Renaissance'' (1969 SCM Press, London)
#''Risking Christ for Christ's Sake'' (1987)<ref>[https://archives.anglican.ca/link/catalog8049 Anglican Church of Canada website, ''Risking Christ for Christ's Sake'']</ref>
#''Nagas towards 2000''
#''Response to Tyranny''
# ''The Indian church: identity and fulfilment'' (contributor) (1971)<ref>[https://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/SearchResults?kn=Madathilparampil%20Mammen%20Thomas&sts=t&cm_sp=SearchF-_-topnav-_-Results ABE Books website, ''Madathilparampil Mammen Thomas'']</ref>
# ''Towards a theology of contemporary ecumenism : a collection of addresses to ecumenical gatherings (1947-1975)'' <ref>[https://archives.anglican.ca/list?q=&p=1&ps=&sort=title_sort%20asc&name_facet=thomasmmmadathilparampilm001916001996000000000000%7CThomas,%20M.M.%20(Madathilparampil%20M.),%201916-1996 Anglican Church of Canada website, ''Thomas, M.M. (Madathilparampil M.), 1916-1996'']</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Paul David Devanandan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading==
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Athyal |editor-first1=Jesudas M. |editor-last2=Zachariah |editor-first2=George |editor-last3=Melanchthon |editor-first3=Monica |title=The Life, Legacy and Theology of M. M. Thomas: 'Only Participants Earn the Right to be Prophets' |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-02547-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxwFDAAAQBAJ |language=en}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|first=M. M.|last=Ninan|title=The Life, Legacy, and Theology of M. M. Thomas|url=http://www.oration.com/~mm9n/articles/MMT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003162353/http://www.oration.com/~mm9n/articles/MMT.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-10-03}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, M. M.}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvalla]]
[[Category:Mar Thoma Syrian Church Christians]]
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Governors of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Christian communists]]
[[Category:Christian and Hindu interfaith dialogue]]

M. M. Thomas - Revision history

ResearcherFacts at 11:56, 8 February 2026