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{{Short description|Indian medical entomologist}}
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'''Mandayam Osuri Tirunarayana Iyengar''' (6 February 1895 – 16 September 1972) was an Indian medical [[entomologist]] who worked on management of filaria and [[malaria]] vectors. He was employed as an entomologist in the Department of Malaria Research, Bengal. The [[mermithidae|mermithid]] parasite ''[[Romanomermis iyengari]]'' and the mosquito species ''Culex iyengari'' are named after him.

== Life and work ==
Iyengar was born in a prominent Madras family, his father M.O. Alasingrachariar was a senior judge in the Madras High Court, and an older brother was the botanist [[M.O.P. Iyengar]]. After studying at the [[Hindu Higher Secondary School|Hindu High School]] and graduating from the [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College, Madras]] he joined as an entomologist in-charge in the Bengal Malaria Research laboratory in Calcutta from 1918. He also taught medical parasitology and entomology for public health students. He served as a professor of medical entomology at the [[Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine|School of Tropical Medicine]] in Calcutta between 1922 and 1923. He also maintained an interest in botany, especially in association with aquatic habitats where he was studying mosquitoes,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M. O. T.|year=1933|title=Ovípositíon in Mosquitoes of the Subgenus Mansonioides|journal=Indian Journal of Medical Research|volume=21|issue=1|pages=101–102}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M. O. T.|year=1935|title=Biology of Indian Mosquito Larvae that attach themselves to the Roots of Water Plants|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London|volume=10|issue=1|pages=9–11}}</ref> and described the floral biology of ''[[Monochoria]]'' and published with his brother on ''[[Characium]]'' (algae) associated with the larvae of ''Anopheles''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Iyengar|first1=M. O. P.|last2=Iyengar|first2=M. O. T.|date=1932|title=On a Characium Growing on Anopheles Larvae|journal=The New Phytologist|volume=31|issue=1|pages=66–69|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1932.tb07434.x|jstor=2428408|issn=0028-646X|doi-access=free}}</ref> in 1932.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M.O.T.|year=1932|title=On the biology of flowers of Monochoria|journal=Journal of the Indian Botanical Society|volume=3|pages=170–173}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M. O. T.|year=1944|title=Problems relating to Malaria Control in deltaic Bengal|journal=Journal of the Malaria Institute of India|volume=5|issue=4|pages=435–447}}</ref> He worked under the aegis of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] for the [[Travancore|Travancore State]] between 1931 and 1934 studying [[filariasis]] on which he served as a consultant for the [[World Health Organization]] working in many parts of the world including Afghanistan,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M. O. T.|year=1954|title=Vector of Malaria in Kabul, Afghanistan|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=48|issue=4|pages=319–324|doi=10.1016/0035-9203(54)90102-9|pmid=13187562}}</ref> the Maldives,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M.O.T.|year=1952|title=Filariasis in the Maldive Islands|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=7|issue=4|pages=375–403|pmid=13032785|pmc=2554142}}</ref> New Guinea,<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Iyengar, M. O. T.|author2=Rook, H. De|author3=Dijk, W. J. O. M. Van|year=1959|title=Interruption of transmission of Anopheles-borne filariasis by indoor residual spraying in Netherlands New Guinea|journal=Tropical and Geographical Medicine|volume=11|issue=3|pages=287–290|pmid=14406180}}</ref> Samoa, and Thailand.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Iyengar|first1=M. O. T.|last2=Menon|first2=M. A. U.|date=1956|title=The Mosquitos of south Thailand|journal=Bulletin of Entomological Research|language=en|volume=47|issue=4|pages=785–795|doi=10.1017/S0007485300047015|issn=0007-4853}}</ref> He collaborated with other malariologists around the world including [[P. A. Buxton|P.A. Buxton]], [[Wilhelm Schüffner]], [[Henri Galliard]], [[Nicolaas Hendrik Swellengrebel|N.H. Swellengrebel]] and [[P. G. Shute|P.G. Shute]]. He surveyed natural control measures of mosquito larvae<ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M. O. T.|year=1938|title=Natural parasites of mosquitoes in India|journal=Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India|volume=4|issue=2|pages=237–239}}</ref> and identified fungi in the [[Coelomomyces]] group and a mermithid with potential for use in control. A mermithid, named after him as ''Romanomermis iyengari'' has found continued use in the management of anophelines around the world.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/s13071-019-3508-6|pmid=31118105|pmc=6530168|title=Efficacy of the mermithid nematode, Romanomermis iyengari, for the biocontrol of Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa|journal=Parasites & Vectors|volume=12|issue=1|pages=253|year=2019|last1=Abagli|first1=Ayaba Z.|last2=Alavo|first2=Thiery B. C.|last3=Perez-Pacheco|first3=Rafael|last4=Platzer|first4=Edward G. |doi-access=free }}</ref> Other findings of his included the observation that microfilaria that had been injested with blood by mosquitoes, entered the haemocoel not from the stomach wall as had been earlier thought but through the wall of the proventriculus.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Iyengar|first=M. O. T.|date=1936|title=Entry of Filaria Larvae into the Body Cavity of the Mosquito|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0031182000022381/type/journal_article|journal=Parasitology|language=en|volume=28|issue=2|pages=190–194|doi=10.1017/S0031182000022381|issn=0031-1820|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Iyengar also published a couple of notes in entomology that were not in his professional line of work. These include notes on adult [[Scarabaeidae|coprid]] beetles emerging from human intestines with faeces.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Iyengar, M.O.T.|year=1928|title=Infestation of the human intestine by coprid beetles in Bengal|journal=Indian Medical Gazette|volume=63|issue=7|pages=365–369|pmid=29011607|pmc=5235717}}</ref> The Dr M.O.T. Iyengar Memorial Award was instituted in 1983 by his wife Mrs Rukmani Iyengar.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dr. M.O.T. Iyengar. Bio-bibliography of an eminent medical entomologist
|author1=Iyengar, R| author2= Gandhi, Tara| editor1= Tyagi, B. K.| editor2= Arunachalam, N. |editor3= Rajendran, R.| publisher= Indian Council of Medical Research Centre for Research in Medical Entomology; 3rd Conference of Medical Arthropodology Madurai, India 18–19 December 2009. |place=Chennai|year= 2009|url=https://archive.org/details/MOTIyengar}}</ref>

== Publications ==
[[File:Swellengrebel, Iyengar and two others in India. Photograph, 1924. Wellcome V0028072.jpg|thumb|[[Nicolaas Swellengrebel|Swellengrebel]] with Iyengar (right-most in white) at Calcutta, c. 1924]]
A complete list of publications is provided in Iyengar & Gandhi (2009). Some major publications include:

*{{cite wikisource |title=A note on grappling tail-hooks in anopheline larvae |wslink=A note on grappling tail-hooks in anopheline larvae |work=[[Indian Journal of Medical Research|Indian J. Med. Res.]] |volume=9 |pages=630-633 |date=1922}}
*On the biology of the flowers of ''Monochoria''. J. Indian Bot. Soc, 170-173, April 1923
*The anopheline fauna of a swamp in Bangalore. Indian J. Med. Res.,13:697-702,1926
*Infestation of the human intestines by coprid beetles. Indian Med. Gaz., 63, 365-369, 1928.
*The larva of ''Anopheles turkhudi''. Indian J. Med. Res., 17:1189-1192, 1930
*Filariasis in North Travancore. Indian J. Med. Res., 20, 671-672, 1933
*Rat-flea survey in Peermade District, Travancore. Indian J. Med. Res., 21:723-730,1934
*The identification of common rat-fleas of India. Indian J. Med. Res., 22:675-686,1935
*Public health aspects of filariasis in India. Indian Med. Gaz, 72:300-307, 1937.
*Naturalistic control of the breeding of Anopheles sundaicus by means of Eichomia cover. J. Malar. Inst. India, 6:309-310,1946.
*Mosquitoes of the Maldive Islands. Bull. Ent. Res., 46:1-10, 1955. (with M.A.U. Menon).
*Infection experiments with a fungus (Coelomomyces) which kills malarial mosquitoes. Science, 158, 526, 1967. (with J.N. Couch and C.J. Umphlett)
*''Developmental Stages Of Filariae In Mosquitoes. 5th. Pacif. Comm. Tech. Pap., No. 104, 11 pages, 1957''

==References ==
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==External links==
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[[Category:Indian entomologists]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]

M. O. T. Iyengar - Revision history

FlossiePolglaze at 07:10, 28 December 2023