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{{Short description|Indian civil engineer, administrator, and former prime minister of Mysore Kingdom}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. Visvesvaraya
| honorific-prefix = [[Sir#India|Sir]]
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]]
| birth_name = Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
| image = Vishveshvarayya in his 30's.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Visvesvaraya in his 40s
| monarch1 = [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]]
| order1 = 19th [[Dewan of Mysore]]
| predecessor1 = [[T. Ananda Rao]]
| successor1 = [[M. Kantaraj Urs]]
| birth_date = 15 September 1861
| birth_place = [[Muddenahalli]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 12/14 April 1962 (aged 100)
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore State]], India<br />(present-day [[Karnataka]], India)
| nationality = British India (1861-1947)<br /> India (1947-1962)
| alma_mater = {{ublist|[[Central College of Bangalore|Central College, Bangalore]]|[[College of Engineering, Pune]]|[[University of Madras]]|[[University of Bombay]]}}
| profession = Civil engineer and statesman
| term_start1 = 1912
| term_end1 = 1918
| awards = [[Bharat Ratna]] (1955)
}}

'''Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya''', {{post-nominals|list= [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]]}} (15 September 1861 – 12/14 April 1962),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mudde |first=Raggi |date=2016-12-10 |title=Sir M Visvesvaraya – An Excellent Statesman and Eminent Engineer |url=https://www.karnataka.com/personalities/visvesvaraya/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Karnataka.com |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901061423/https://www.karnataka.com/personalities/visvesvaraya/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-30 |title=Complete biography of Dr. M. Visvesvaraya |url=https://www.preservearticles.com/biography/dr-m-visvesvaraya/4547 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=PreserveArticles.com: Preserving Your Articles for Eternity |language=en-US |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914161102/https://www.preservearticles.com/biography/dr-m-visvesvaraya/4547 |url-status=live }}</ref> also referred to by his initials, '''MV''', was an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[civil engineer]], administrator, and statesman,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ETjtt3r7Jd9TnduBVYMwIN/Opinion--An-unsentimental-man-of-action.html|title=Opinion An unsentimental man of action|date=14 September 2018|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914161106/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/opinion/opinion-an-unsentimental-man-of-action-111644488321544.html|url-status=live}}</ref> who served as the 19th [[Dewan of Mysore]] from 1912 to 1918.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/15/stories/2002081500220200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030622220420/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/15/stories/2002081500220200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 June 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Diwans take over|date=15 August 2002}}</ref>

Visvesvaraya is regarded in India as one of the foremost civil engineers whose birthday, 15 September, is celebrated every year as [[Engineer's Day]] in India, [[Sri Lanka]], and [[Tanzania]]. He is also often regarded as "the maker of modern [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Siba Pada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C4hZAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Press: A Collection of Papers Presented at the Fourth Annual Conference of the Institute, Mysore, 1966 |last2=India) |first2=Institute of Historical Studies (Kolkata |date=1967 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies |language=en}}</ref> According to ''[[Prajavani]]'', a [[Kannada]] language newspaper, he is also the most popular figure in the [[South India|southern Indian]] state of [[Karnataka]].

Visvesvaraya worked as a civil engineer for the government of [[British Raj|British India]] and later as Prime Minister of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. For his services to British India, he was appointed [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]<ref name=":2" /> and later knighted KCIE.<ref name=":3" /> For his services to the Kingdom of Mysore and the Republic of India, he was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna|Bharata Ratna]] by [[Government of India]] in 1955.<ref name=":4" />

== Early life ==
M. Visvesvaraya was born on 15 September 1861 at [[Muddenahalli]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (in present-day [[Chikkaballapura district]], Karnataka) in a [[Telugu Brahmin]] family<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ikegame |first1=Aya |title=Princely India Re-imagined: A Historical Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to the present |date=7 May 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-23909-0 |page=86 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bV5ElF17ezwC&dq=M.+Visvesvaraya+telugu&pg=PA86 |language=en |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914161103/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Princely_India_Re_imagined/bV5ElF17ezwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=M.+Visvesvaraya+telugu&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> to Mokshagundam Srinivasa Shastry and Venkatalakshmi. His ancestors hail from Mokshagundam, a village in present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]], and had migrated to the kingdom around three hundred years prior to Visvesvaraya's birth.<ref name="Asianet">{{cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/karnataka/do-you-know-engineers-day-is-connected-to-karnataka-sir-m-visvesvaraya-krs-dam|title=Do you know why Engineers Day is connected to Karnataka?|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020175408/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/karnataka/do-you-know-engineers-day-is-connected-to-karnataka-sir-m-visvesvaraya-krs-dam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/byappanahalli-once-belonged-to-visvesvarayas-ancestors/articleshow/21417464.cms|title=Byappanahalli once belonged to Visvesvaraya's ancestors|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001224043/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/byappanahalli-once-belonged-to-visvesvarayas-ancestors/articleshow/21417464.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=C.|first=Smt. Bharathi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2-GAwAAQBAJ|title=M. Visvesvaraya|publisher=Sapna Book House (P) Ltd.|year=2012|isbn=9788128017810|language=English|access-date=17 November 2021|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914161101/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/M_VISVESVARAYA/F2-GAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

Visvesvaraya received his primary education in [[Bangalore]] and earned a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree from the [[University of Madras]]. He later studied at the [[College of Engineering Pune|College of Engineering, Pune]] (then College of Science at the [[University of Mumbai|University of Bombay]]) and graduated as an engineer, receiving Diploma in Civil Engineering (DCE).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Engineers' Day: The Story of the Irishman Who Moulded Visvesvaraya's Alma Mater|url=https://thewire.in/the-sciences/engineers-day-theodore-cooke-mokshagundam-visvesvaraya-civil-engineering-college|access-date=14 February 2022|website=The Wire|archive-date=14 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214020040/https://thewire.in/the-sciences/engineers-day-theodore-cooke-mokshagundam-visvesvaraya-civil-engineering-college|url-status=live}}</ref> It was here that he became a member of the Deccan Club and was its first secretary; he would therefore have been well-acquainted with the progressives in [[Pune]], including [[R. G. Bhandarkar|Sir R. G. Bhandarkar]], [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]], and Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]], who were all members of the club.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 February 2018|title=The progressive stead|url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/unwind/the-progressive-stead/cid5097701.htm|access-date=14 February 2022|website=punemirror.com|language=en-IN|archive-date=14 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214020038/https://punemirror.com/entertainment/unwind/the-progressive-stead/cid5097701.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
Visvesvaraya began his career by working for the [[British Raj|Government of British India]], working in [[Bombay Presidency]] and other British-held colonies in the [[Middle East]]. He later worked for [[Hyderabad State]]. After retirement, he began his administrative and statesmanship career and continued his engineering career in the Kingdom of Mysore.

=== Engineering career ===
Visvesvaraya became an assistant engineer in 1885 at the Public Works Department, [[Mumbai|Bombay]], in [[Bombay Presidency]].

In 1899, Visvesvaraya was invited to join the Indian Irrigation Commission where he implemented an intricate system of irrigation in the [[Deccan Plateau]] and designed and patented a system of automatic weir water floodgates that were first installed in 1903 at [[Khadakwasla Dam|Khadakvasla Dam]] near [[Pune]]. These gates raised the storage level in the reservoir to the highest level likely to be attained without causing any damage to the dam. Based on the success of these gates, the same system was installed at [[Tigra Dam]] in [[Gwalior]] and later at the [[Krishna Raja Sagara|KRS Dam]] at [[Mysore]], Karnataka. He later became the chief engineer of the Laxmi Talav Dam near [[Kolhapur]].

In around 1906/1907, the Government of [[British India]] sent Visvesvaraya to the [[Aden Colony|British Colony of Aden]] (present-day [[Yemen]]), to study water supply and drainage systems. The project prepared by him was successfully implemented in Aden.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Gupta |editor1-first=Jyoti Bhusan Das |series=History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization |volume=XV(1)|title=Science, Technology, Imperialism and War |publisher=Pearson Longman |year=2007 |page=247}}</ref>

After opting for voluntary retirement in 1908, Visvesvaraya took a foreign tour to study industrialised nations. Then, for a short period, he worked for Nizam [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|Osman Ali Khan]]. He was one of the chief engineers of the flood protection system for the city of [[Hyderabad]]<ref>{{cite web |date=14 January 2020 |title=Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: Model engineer and scholar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/inspiring-lives/mokshagundam-visvesvaraya-model-engineer-and-scholar/story-kHjtUEWCFm3AvsAwoyswaL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128204148/https://www.hindustantimes.com/inspiring-lives/mokshagundam-visvesvaraya-model-engineer-and-scholar/story-kHjtUEWCFm3AvsAwoyswaL.html |archive-date=28 January 2020 |access-date=13 April 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> who suggested flood relief measures for the city, which was under constant threat by the [[Musi River (India)|Musi river]]. He achieved celebrity status when he designed a flood protection system for the city. He was instrumental in developing a system to protect [[Visakhapatnam]] port from sea erosion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Visvesvaraya's services recalled |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/16/stories/2006091619630300.htm |access-date=21 March 2011 |date=16 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510083018/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/16/stories/2006091619630300.htm |archive-date=10 May 2011 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> This dam created the biggest reservoir in [[Asia]] at the time of its construction.<ref>Husain, Dildar (1966) ''An Engineering Wizard of India'', Institution of Engineers(India);AP, Hyderabad.</ref>

In November 1909, at the invitation of Dewan [[V. P. Madhava Rao|Sir V.P. Madhava Rao]], Visvesvaraya joined as a chief engineer of [[Mysore State]]. He was the Chief Engineer of the [[Krishna Raja Sagara|KRS Dam]] at [[Mysuru|Mysore]]. He was also later the chairman of the board of engineers for the [[Tungabhadra Dam]] in [[Hospet]], [[Karnataka]].

=== Premiership ===
In 1912, Visvesvaraya was appointed [[Dewan of Mysore]] by Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV]]. He served for nearly seven years until 1918.<ref name=":1" /> With support from the maharaja, Visvesvaraya contributed to the general development of the Kingdom of Mysore.

During his premiership as Dewan, Visvesvaraya was responsible for the founding of factories and institutions funded for by the maharaja, including [[Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited|Mysore Soap Factory]], Parasitoid Laboratory, [[Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant|Mysore Iron & Steel Works]] in [[Bhadravathi, Karnataka|Bhadravathi]], Bangalore Polytechnic (now Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic Bangalore), Bangalore Agricultural University, [[State Bank of Mysore]], Century Club, Mysore Chamber of Commerce (now Federation of Karnataka Chambers of Commerce & Industry), Mysore Apex Chamber of Commerce (now Apex Chamber of Karnataka), and numerous other industrial places.[[The Bangalore Press]] was also established during his tenure as Dewan. He was also instrumental in the founding of [[University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering|Government Engineering College]] (now University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering) at [[Bangalore]] in 1917, one of the first engineering institutes in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 September 2018 |title=Why India celebrates Engineers Day on Visvesvaraya's birth anniversary |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-india-celebrates-engineers-day-on-visvesvarayas-birth-anniversary/articleshow/65818789.cms |url-status=live |access-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916130528/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-india-celebrates-engineers-day-on-visvesvarayas-birth-anniversary/articleshow/65818789.cms |archive-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> He commissioned several new railway lines in [[Mysore State Railway|Mysore Railways]] (now part of [[South Western Railway zone|Southwestern Indian Railways]]).

Visvesvaraya encouraged private investment in industry during his tenure as Dewan. He was instrumental in charting out a plan for road construction between [[Tirumala]] and [[Tirupati]].<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=Tirupati+Tirumala+ghat+road Sree Venkateswara Ghat Rd, Tirupati, AP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207213719/https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=Tirupati+Tirumala+ghat+road|date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Tirumala to Tirupati ghat road |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaDyxoGf1qI |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809214544/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaDyxoGf1qI |archive-date=9 August 2017 |access-date=13 October 2016 |work=Youtube}}</ref>

Visvesvaraya gave his technical advice for the location of [[Rajendra Setu|Mokama Bridge]] over the [[Ganges|Ganga]] in [[Bihar]]. At the time, he was over 90 years old.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ranganath |first1=D. |date=25 September 2010 |title=Sir's inimitable vision |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-propertyplus/sirs-inimitable-vision/article794201.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE JEWEL OF KARNATAKA |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov272006/national0405920061127.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917090001/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov272006/national0405920061127.asp |archive-date=17 September 2016 |access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref>

=== Career timeline ===
* Assistant Engineer in Bombay, 1885; served in [[Nashik|Nasik]], [[Khandesh]] (mainly in [[Dhule]]) and Pune
* Services lent to Municipality of Sukkur, Sind, 1894; designed and carried out waterworks for the municipality
* Executive Engineer, Surat, 1896
* Assistant Superintending Engineer, Pune, 1897–1899; visited [[China]] and [[Japan]], 1898
* Executive Engineer for Irrigation, Pune, 1899
* Sanitary Engineer, Bombay, and member, Sanitary Board, 1901; gave evidence before Indian Irrigation Commission
* Designed and constructed automatic gates patented by him at Lake Fife Storage Reservoir; introduced a new system of irrigation known as "Block System", 1903; represented the Bombay Government at Simla Irrigation Commission, 1904; on special duty, 1905
* Superintending Engineer, 1907; visited [[Egypt]], [[Canada]], [[United States]], and [[Russia]], 1908
* Consulting Engineer to Hyderabad/Nizam State supervised and carried out engineering works on Musi river; Hyderabad floods of 1909
* Retired from British Service, 1909
* Chief Engineer and Secretary to Government of Mysore, 1909
* Dewan of Mysore, Public Works Department and Railway, 1913
* Board of Directors of [[Tata Steel]], 1927–1955<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Arindam |title=How a relentless R&D approach propelled Tata Steel to zenith |url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/How-a-relentless-R-D-approach-propelled-Tata-Steel-to-the-zenith/1291715 |access-date=26 July 2015 |work=The Financial Express |date=23 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926202148/http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/how-a-relentless-r-d-approach-propelled-tata-steel-to-the-zenith/1291715 |archive-date=26 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=44th Sir M Visvesvaraya Memorial Lecture by Dr. Amit Chatterjee |journal=Advancement of Engineering in India in New Millennium: A Compilation of Memorial Lectures Presented in Indian Engineering Congresses (2001–2010) |date=December 2012 |pages=12–13 |url=https://www.ieindia.org/PDF_IMAGES/publication/Advancement%20of%20Engineering.pdf |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317070907/http://ieindia.org/PDF_IMAGES/publication/Advancement%20of%20Engineering.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mahanti |first1=Subodh |title=The Most Celebrated Indian Engineer: Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya |url=http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/feb2000/article1.htm |website=Vigyan Prasar Science Portal |access-date=26 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604111903/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/feb2000/article1.htm |archive-date=4 June 2007 }}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
[[File:Mokshagundam Visvesvaraiah 1960 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Visvesvaraya on a 1960 stamp of India|343x343px]]
Visvesvaraya was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in 1911 by [[Edward VII|King Edward VII]].<ref name=":2">{{London Gazette
| issue = 28559
| date = 8 December 1911
| page = 9363
}}</ref> In 1915, while he was Dewan of Mysore, Visvesvaraya was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) by [[George V|King George V]] for his contributions to the public good.<ref name=":3">{{London Gazette
| issue = 29180
| date = 1 June 1915
| page = 5329
| supp = y
}}</ref>

After [[Independence Day (India)|India attained independence]], Visvesvaraya received the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian honour, in 1955.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007) |url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Home affairs |access-date=26 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410024701/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref> He received an honorary membership from the [[Institution of Civil Engineers|Institution of Civil Engineers, London]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chikballapur.nic.in/visvesvaraya.html |title=Welcome to Chikballapur District – Visvesvaraya |publisher=Chikballapur.nic.in |access-date=11 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920231427/http://www.chikballapur.nic.in/visvesvaraya.html |archive-date=20 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="IAS_Fellows_deceased">{{cite web |title=Fellowship – Visvesvaraya, M. |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Visvesvaraya,__M |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083124/http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Visvesvaraya,__M |archive-date=6 March 2018 |access-date=5 March 2018 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> a fellowship from the [[Indian Institute of Science|Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore]], and several honorary degrees including [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]], [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D.]], [[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt.]] from eight universities in India. He was the president of the 1923 session of the [[Indian Science Congress Association#Indian Science Congress|Indian Science Congress]].

=== Recognition ===
Visvesvaraya received recognition in many fields, most notably education and engineering. [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]] in Belagavi (to which most engineering colleges in Karnataka are affiliated) was named in his honour, as well as prominent colleges like [[University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering]], Bangalore; [[Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology]], Bangalore; and [[Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology]], [[Nagpur]]; Visvesvaraya Hostel, [[IIT (BHU) Varanasi]]; [[Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum]], Bangalore.

The [[College of Engineering, Pune]], his alma mater, erected a statue in Visvesvaraya's honour.<ref>{{cite news |title=Engineer's Day 2010 Celebrations |url=http://today24news.com/india/engineers-day-2010-celebration-theme-are-hot-in-search-154185 |access-date=28 October 2011 |newspaper=Today24news |date=15 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405172217/http://today24news.com/india/engineers-day-2010-celebration-theme-are-hot-in-search-154185 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two [[Rapid transit|metro]] stations in India, one in [[Bangalore]] on the Purple Line ([[Sir M. Visveshwaraya metro station|Sir M. Visveshwaraya Station, Central College]]), and another one in [[Delhi]] on the Pink Line ([[Sir Vishweshwaraiah Moti Bagh metro station|Sir Vishweshwaraiah Moti Bagh]]), are named after him.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi gets metro station named after Sir.M Visveswaraya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/delhi-gets-metro-station-named-after-sir-m-visvesvaraya/article24617316.ece |access-date=9 August 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=6 August 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033628/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/delhi-gets-metro-station-named-after-sir-m-visvesvaraya/article24617316.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 15 September 2018, to celebrate his 158th birthday, Visvesvaraya was honored with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Google doodle marks engineer M Visvesvaraya's 157th birth anniversary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/google-doodle-marks-engineer-m-visvesvarayas-157th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/65816668.cmshttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/google-doodle-marks-engineer-m-visvesvarayas-157th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/65816668.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025043957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/google-doodle-marks-engineer-m-visvesvarayas-157th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/65816668.cmshttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/google-doodle-marks-engineer-m-visvesvarayas-157th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/65816668.cms |archive-date=25 October 2018 |access-date=15 September 2018 |newspaper=The Time of India|date=15 September 2018 }}</ref>

== Death ==
[[File:sir mv.jpg|thumbnail|right|The [[Samadhi]] of Visvesvaraya at Muddenahalli]]Visvesvaraya died on 12/14 April 1962, aged 100.

Visvesvaraya was known for his sincerity, time management and dedication to his cause. Visvesvaraya was a strict [[Lacto-vegetarianism|lacto-vegetarian]] who never ate meat or eggs.<ref>Athre, H. V. R. (1990). ''New Book on Bharatha Rathna: Dr. M. Visvesvaraya's Biography''. Mysore Economic Review. p. 81</ref> He was also a non-smoker and a teetotaller.<ref>Nath, Pandri. (1987). ''Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: Life and Work''. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 110</ref>

A very important part of Visvesvaraya's nature was his love for [[Kannada]] language. He set up Kannada Parishat for the improvement of Kannada. He wanted seminars for Kannada supporters to be instituted and conducted right in Kannada.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Nath |first=Pandri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pv63AAAAIAAJ |title=Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: life and work |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1987 |pages=37, 47, 49, 91 |access-date=12 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112031953/http://books.google.com/books?id=pv63AAAAIAAJ |archive-date=12 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Memorial at Muddenahalli ===
Visvesvaraya National Memorial Trust manages a memorial for Visvesvaraya at his birthplace of Muddenahalli. The memorial exhibits his awards, titles and personal belongings, including his living room, spectacles, cups, books and [[Printing block|block]] with which his visiting cards were printed. Models of the Krishna Raja Sagar Dam, which Visvesvaraya designed and supervised the construction of, are exhibited. The memorial is adjacent to his house, which was refurbished and is regarded as a shrine by locals.<ref>{{cite news |title=MV memorabilia give glimpses of a genius |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_mv-memorabilia-give-glimpses-of-a-genius_1575626 |access-date=28 October 2011 |newspaper=DNA India |date=13 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309030720/http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_mv-memorabilia-give-glimpses-of-a-genius_1575626 |archive-date=9 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kamath |first=Vijesh |title=For locals, Vivesvaraya's house is a place of worship |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/95209/for-locals-vivesvarayas-house-place.html |access-date=28 October 2011 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=8 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114040710/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/95209/for-locals-vivesvarayas-house-place.html |archive-date=14 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Works ==
* {{Citation |last=Visvesvaraya |first=M |title=Reconstructing India |publisher=P. S. King & son, ltd |year=1920 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J0I_AAAAIAAJ |oclc=2430680}}
* {{Citation |last=Visvesvaraya |first=M |title=Planned economy for India |place=Bangalore |publisher=Bangalore Press |year=1936 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Akc_AAAAIAAJ |oclc=19373044}}
* {{Citation |last=Visvesvaraya |first=M |title=Memories of my working life |place=Bangalore |year=1951 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkY_AAAAIAAJ |oclc=6459729}}
* {{Citation |last=Visvesvaraya |first=Mokshagundam |title=Unemployment in India; its causes and cure |place=Bangalore |publisher=The Bangalore Press |year=1932 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FkYRAQAAIAAJ |oclc=14348788}}
* {{Citation |last=Visvesvaraya |first=Mokshagundam |title=Speeches |place=Bangalore |publisher=Govt. Press |year=1917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5q4CAAAAMAAJ |oclc=6258388}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

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{{succession box
| title = [[List of Diwans of Mysore|Diwan of Mysore]]<br /> (1912–1919)
| before = [[T. Ananda Rao]]
| after = [[M. Kantaraj Urs]]
| years =
}}
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== External links ==

* {{OL author}}

{{Bharat Ratna|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1861 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Diwans of Mysore]]
[[Category:Engineers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Engineers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Indian centenarians]]
[[Category:Indian irrigation engineers]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:People from Chikkaballapur district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Engineers in British India]]

M. Visvesvaraya - Revision history

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