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{{Short description|Indian politician and last titular Maharaja of Gwalior (1945–2001)}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image = Madhavrao Scindia Manmohan Singh at The Doon School.jpg
| caption = Scindia (L) with [[Manmohan Singh]] at [[The Doon School]] Founder's Day in the late 1980s
| name = Madhavrao Scindia
| title = [[Gwalior State|Maharaja of Gwalior]]
| consort = yes
| coronation = 1961
| reign = 16 July 1961 – 1971
| reg-type = Reign
| predecessor = [[Jivajirao Scindia]]
| successor = Title abolished
| succession = [[Gwalior State]]
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office3 = [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Railways]]
| term_start3 = 22 October 1986
| term_end3 = 1 December 1989
| primeminister3 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| predecessor3 = [[Mohsina Kidwai]]
| successor3 = [[George Fernandes]]
| office = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]]
| primeminister = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| term_start = 1991
| term_end = 1993
| predecessor = [[Harmohan Dhawan]]
| successor = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| office1 = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]]
| term_start1 = 1991
| term_end1 = 1993
| primeminister1 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Minister of Human Resource Development]]
| term_start2 = 1995
| term_end2 = 1996
| primeminister2 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| predecessor2 = P. V. Narasimha Rao
| successor2 = P. V. Narasimha Rao
| office4 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 1999
| term_end4 = 2001
| constituency4 = [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]]
| predecessor4 = [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]]
| successor4 = [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]
| term_start5 = 1984
| term_end5 = 1999
| predecessor5 = [[N. K. Shejwalkar|Narayan Shejwalkar]]
| successor5 = [[Jaibhan Singh Pavaiya]]
| constituency5 = [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]]
| term_start6 = 1971
| term_end6 = 1984
| predecessor6 = [[Acharya Kripalani]]
| successor6 = Mahendra Singh Kalukheda
| constituency6 = [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1945|3|10}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2001|9|30|1945|3|10}}
| death_place = [[Mainpuri district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1980–2001)
| spouse = Madhavi Raje Sahib Scindia
| children = [[Chitrangada Singh (princess)|Chitrangada Singh]] (born 1967)<br/> [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]] (born 1971)
| residence = [[Jai Vilas Mahal]], [[Gwalior]]
| relations = See [[Scindia family]]
| nationality = Indian
}}
}}

'''Madhavrao Jivajirao Scindia''' (10 March 1945 – 30 September 2001){{citation needed|date=June 2020}} was an Indian politician and a minister in the union government of the [[Indian National Congress]].

Scindia was the son of [[Jiwajirao Scindia]], the last ruling [[Maharaja]] of the [[princely state]] of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]] during the [[British Raj]]. Upon the death of his father in 1961, and under terms agreed to during the [[political integration of India]], Scindia succeeded to a [[Privy purse in India|privy purse]], certain privileges, and the use of the title "Maharaja of Gwalior,"<ref name=ramusack-pol-integration>{{cite book|last=Ramusack|first=Barbara N.|authorlink=Barbara Ramusack|title=The Indian princes and their states|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&pg=PA273|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26727-4|page=273|quote=The crucial document was the Instrument of Accession by which rulers ceded to the legislatures of India or Pakistan control over the defence, external affairs, and communications. In return for these concessions, the princes were to be guaranteed a privy purse in perpetuity and certain financial and symbolic privileges such as exemption from customs duties, the use of their titles, the right to fly their state flags on their cars and to have police protection. ... By December 1947 Patel began to pressure the princes into signing Merger Agreements that integrated their states into adjacent British Indian provinces, soon to be called states or new units of erstwhile princely states, most notably Rajasthan, Patiala and East Punjab States Union, and Matsya Union (Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karaulli).}}</ref> which lasted until 1971, whereupon all were abolished by the [[Privy_Purse_in_India#Abolition|26th Amendment to the Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Citation|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend26.htm|title=The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971|publisher=Government of India|work=indiacode.nic.in|year = 1971|access-date=9 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ramusack|first=Barbara N.|author-link=Barbara Ramusack|title=The Indian princes and their states|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&pg=PA278|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26727-4|page=278|quote=Through a constitutional amendment passed in 1971, Indira Gandhi stripped the princes of the '''titles''', privy purses and regal privileges which her father's government had granted.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Karl J.|title=An atlas and survey of South Asian history|url=https://archive.org/details/atlassurveyofsou0000schm|url-access=registration|year=1995|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-1-56324-334-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/atlassurveyofsou0000schm/page/78 78]|quote=Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' '''titles''', privileges, and privy purses.}}</ref>

==Early life==
Scindia was born in royal maratha family, the last ruling Maharaja of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]], [[Jivajirao Scindia]]. He underwent his schooling in [[Scindia School]], Gwalior and thereafter went for higher studies in [[Winchester College]] and at [[New College, Oxford]].<ref name="EB">{{cite web |title=Madhavrao Scindia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Madhavrao-Scindia |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=4 October 2020}}</ref>

On his return from the UK, Scindia followed the political tradition set by his mother [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]] by joining politics. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] (the lower house of the Indian parliament) in 1971 from Gwalior.<ref name="EB"/>

==Career==

===Electoral victories===
A nine-term member of the [[Lok Sabha]], Madhavrao Scindia never lost an election since 1971, when he won for the first time from [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna constituency]] at the age of 26. He contested the election on the ticket of Jan Sangh, a party that his family had long patronised. In the 1977 election after the emergency was lifted, he contested from Guna constituency as an Independent candidate and still won the seat a second time in spite of the wave in favour of the Janata Party (Bhartiya Lok Dal-BLD). In the 1980 election, he switched allegiance to [[Indian National Congress]] and won from Guna a third time. But in 1984, he was nominated as the Congress candidate from [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]] in a last-minute manoeuvre to defeat the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], and won by a massive margin. After that Scindia contested from either Gwalior or Guna and won on each occasion.
[[File:Madhavrao Scindia 2005 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|right|Madhavrao Scindia's postage stamp released by India Post, Government of India]]

===Ministerial appointments===
The 1984 election brought Scindia his first experience as a Minister. He made his mark as an excellent administrator during his stint as Railways Minister (22 October 1986 – 1 December 1989)<ref>[http://www.irfca.org/docs/railway-ministers.html Railway Ministers]. Irfca. Retrieved on 14 November 2018.</ref> in the [[Rajiv Gandhi Ministry]].

Prime Ministers [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] made him Minister for Civil Aviation. He faced a turbulent period of agitation by the staff of the domestic carrier, [[Indian Airlines]], and as part of a strategy of disciplining the workforce, he leased a number of aircraft from Russia. Early in 1992 one of these aircraft crashed, though without any loss of life, and Scindia promptly submitted his resignation. Although not known to be too finicky about such notions as ministerial accountability, the prime minister accepted his resignation. Scindia was later reinducted into the Cabinet in 1995 as Minister for Human Resource Development. Scindia is also credited with setting up the [[Indian Institutes of Information Technology|Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (IIITM)]] at Gwalior as an institution of repute, which got renamed after Atal Bihari Vajpayee as ABV-IIITM.

===Rebellion and return===
In 1996, he along with [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]] and other Congress dissidents had the opportunity to be part of the [[United Front (India)|United Front]] (U.F.) government at the Centre. Although his Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress was part of the U.F., Scindia himself opted to stay out of the Cabinet. He was the President of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] from 1990 to 1993.

== Death ==
Madhavrao Scindia died at the age of 56, in a plane crash in Motta village, which is on the outskirts of [[Mainpuri district]] of Uttar Pradesh, on 30 September 2001. The plane caught fire when it was above Bhainsrauli village.<ref>[https://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/uttar-pradesh/budaun/gunnaur/bhainsrauli.html Bhainsrauli village][https://www.patrika.com/gwalior-news/mysterious-death-of-madhavrao-scindia-in-plane-crash-1408747/]</ref>Being viewed as a future prime ministerial candidate before the 1999 Lok Sabha elections in the aftermath of the controversy over [[Sonia Gandhi]]'s foreign origin, was on his way to address a rally in Kanpur.<ref>[https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/madhavrao-scindia-dies-in-plane-crash/213264 Madhavrao Scindia Dies In Plane Crash]</ref>

All eight people on board the private plane ([[Beechcraft King Air#Model 90 series|Beechcraft King Air C90]]) died in the crash. This included his personal secretary Rupinder Singh, journalists Sanjeev Sinha ([[The Indian Express]]), Anju Sharma ([[The Hindustan Times]]), Gopal Bisht, Ranjan Jha ([[Aaj Tak]]), pilot Ray Gautam and co-pilot Ritu Malik. The bodies were charred beyond recognition and taken by road to [[Agra]], from where a special IAF aircraft, sent by Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], brought the remains to [[Delhi]]. The remains of Madhavrao Scindia were identified by his family, with the goddess [[Durga]] locket that he always used to wear.<ref>[https://www.patrika.com/gwalior-news/mysterious-death-of-madhavrao-scindia-in-plane-crash-1408747/ Goddess [[Durga]] Locket]</ref>

The autopsies were conducted and other legal formalities completed at [[AIIMS]] [[New Delhi]] by Professor [[Tirath Das Dogra|T D Dogra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Madhavrao-Sindia-killed-in-plane-crash/articleshow/1273520531.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Madha vrao Sindia killed in plane crash|date=1 October 2001|access-date=10 March 2013}}</ref> His son [[Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia]] was symbolically appointed as the head of the [[Scindia|family]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/10/13/stories/0213000h.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310234951/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/10/13/stories/0213000h.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=10 March 2007|title=The Scindia Dynasty. Genealogy.|website=Royal Ark}}</ref>

==Styles==
*1945-1961- ''His Highness'' Yuvaraja Maharaj Shrimant Madhavrao Scindia Bahadur.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}
*1961-1971- ''His Highness'' Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, [[Maharajadhiraj]] Maharaja Shrimant Madhav Rao III Scindia [[Baghatur|Bahadur]], Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, [[Maharaja]] [[Scindia]] of [[Gwalior]].{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}

==Ancestry==
<ref name="PurushottamShamsher1990">{{cite book |last=JBR|first=PurushottamShamsher|date=1990 |title=Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta|language=ne|location=Bhotahity, Kathmandu|publisher=Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar|isbn=99933-39-91-1}}</ref>
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Madhavrao III, Maharaja of Gwalior'''
|2= 2. [[Jiwajirao Scindia|Jivajirao]], [[Maharaja of Gwalior]] (1916–1961)
|3= 3. Lekha Divyeshwari Devi ([[Vijaya Raje Scindia]]), Maharani of Gwalior (1919–2001)
|4= 4. [[Madho Rao Scindia|Madhavrao II]], Maharaja of Gwalior (1876–1925)
|5= 5. Gajrabai Raje, Maharani Regent of Gwalior (d. 1943)
|6= 6. ''Thakur'' Mahendra Singh of Sagar (1892–?)
|7= 7. ''Thakurani'' Chuda Devashwari Devi (c. 1900–1919)
|8= 8. [[Jayajirao Scindia|Jayajirao]], Maharaja of Gwalior (1843–1886)
|9= 9. Sakhyabai Raje, Maharani Regent of Gwalior (1862–1919)
|10=10. ''Rao Rana'' Satrojirao Vithalrao Rane, Sar Desai of Sankli
|11=
|12=12. ''Thakur'' Theobaran Singh of Gangini,
|13=
|14= 14. General HH ''Raja'' [[Khadga Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana]](1861–1921)
|15= 15. Sri Rani Dhankumari Rajya Lakshmi
|16= 16. ''Sardar'' Hanuwantrao Scindia
|17= 17. Jadav
|18= 18. ''Sardar'' Sir Krishnarao Jadhav, Feroz Jang Bahadur
|19=
|20=
|21=
|22=
|23=
|24=
|25=
|26=
|27=
|28= 28. ''Kaji General'' [[Dhir Shamsher Kunwar Ranaji]] (1828–1884)
|29= 29. ''Kajini'' Nanda Kumari Thapa
|30=
|31=
}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Scindia|Scindia Dynasty]]||10 March 1945||2 October 2001}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jivaji Rao Scindia]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[Gwalior State|Maharaja of Gwalior]]|years=1961–1971|reason={{small|[[Republic of India|Monarchy abolished in 1948, and title, privileges, and privy purses abolished in 1971]]}}}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]}}
{{end}}

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=Madhavrao Scindia: A life|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2009|last1=Sanghvi|first1=Vir|first2=Namita|last2=Bhandare|isbn=978-0-670-08254-4}}

{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Presidents of BCCI}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scindia, Madhavrao}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
[[Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]
[[Category:People from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Scindia dynasty of Gwalior|Madhavrao]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in India]]
[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Scindia School alumni]]
[[Category:Indian sports executives and administrators]]
[[Category:5th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:6th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:7th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:8th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:9th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:10th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:12th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Education Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in India]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]

Madhavrao Scindia - Revision history

->JJMC89 bot III at 18:48, 11 December 2021