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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Madhepura}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madhepura district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Bihar district location map Madhepura.svg
| map_caption = Location of Madhepura district in Bihar
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Madhepura
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kosi division|Kosi]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Madhepura]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 1787
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2,001,762
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 53.78 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 914
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[Alamnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Alamnagar]], [[Bihariganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bihariganj]], [[Singheshwar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Singheshwar]], [[Madhepura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 107 (India)|NH 106]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://madhepura.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = Madhepura-Singheswar Sthan Mandir-1.jpg
| image_caption = Madhepura Shiva temple
}}
'''Madhepura district''' is one of the thirty-eight [[districts of Bihar]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]], and [[Madhepura]] town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Madhepura district is a part of [[Kosi division]].

==History==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,29,692|13=1911|14=4,42,985|15=1921|16=4,27,735|17=1931|18=4,52,600|19=1941|20=4,56,140|21=1951|22=5,28,845|23=1961|24=6,42,346|25=1971|26=7,74,477|27=1981|28=9,64,033|29=1991|30=11,77,706|31=2001|32=15,26,646|33=2011|34=20,01,762|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}Madhepura is part of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] and the people here speak the [[Maithili language]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hbA4A--9HcC&pg=PA74&dq=madhepura+mithila#q=madhepura%20mithila | title=Women Empowerment Through Panchayati Raj Institutions | access-date=15 January 2017 | pages=74| isbn=9788180696800 | last1=Thakur | first1=Minni | year=2010 }}</ref>
Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] who established the [[Mithila Kingdom]] (also called Kingdom of the Videhas).<ref>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143</ref>
During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called [[Janaka]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=Witzel, M. |author-link=Michael Witzel |year=1989 |chapter=Tracing the Vedic dialects |title=Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes |location=Paris |editor1-last=Caillat |editor1-first=C. |pages=141–143 |publisher=Fondation Hugot}}</ref>
The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the [[Vajji]] confederacy, which had its capital in the city of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]], which is also in Mithila.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hemchandra, R. |year=1972 |title=Political History of Ancient India |location=Calcutta |publisher=University of Calcutta}}</ref>

Madhepura district as it stands now was carved out of [[Saharsa district]] and got the status of revenue district on 9 May 1981.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} Prior to that, Madhepura was a sub-division under [[Bhagalpur district]] with effect from 3 September 1845. Subsequently, it was on 1 April 1954 that Saharsa district was carved out of Bhagalpur district.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

==Geography==
Madhepura district occupies an area of {{convert|1788|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Russia]]'s [[Bolshoy Shantar Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Bolshoy Shantar Island 1,766km2}}</ref> Madhepura district is surrounded by Araria and Supaul district in the north, Khagaria and Bhagalpur district in the south, Purnia district in the east and Saharsa district in the West. It is situated in the Plains of [[Kosi River|River Koshi]] and located in the Northeastern part of Bihar at latitude between 25°. 34 to 26°.07' and longitude between 86° .19' to 87°.07'.

The district has 2 sub-divisions - Madhepura and Uda Kishunganj, 13 blocks, 13 police stations, 170 panchayats and 434 revenue villages. The total population of Madhepura, as per census of the year 2001 is 15,24,596 of which 7,96,272 are male and 7,29,324 are female. Literacy rate is 36.9% as against the national rate of 64.8% and state rate of 47%. The density of population is 859 per km<sup>2</sup>.

===Climate===
The maximum temperature of this district ranges from 35 to 45 degree Celsius and the minimum temperature varies from 7 to 9 degree Celsius. The average rain fall in this district is 1300mm.

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Madhepura one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]] Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural No 1 district in education No 1 wheat and rice production in Bihar Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

An [[Electric Locomotive Factory, Madhepura|electric locomotive factory]] has been set up at Madhepura by the [[Indian Railways]] in a joint venture with [[Alstom|Alstom SA]] of France. The factory has the distinction of manufacturing the most powerful railway engine in India, the [[Indian locomotive class WAG-12|WAG-12]].

==Sub-divisions==
Madhepura district comprises the following Sub-Divisions:
*Madhepura
*Uda Krishanganj

===[[Community development block in India|Blocks]]===
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Madhepura (community development block)|Madhepura]]
* [[Ghelardh (community development block)|Ghelardh]]
* [[Singheshwar (community development block)|Singheshwar]]
* [[Gamhariya (community development block)|Gamhariya]]
* [[Shankarpur (community development block)|Shankarpur]]
* [[Kumarkhand (community development block)|Kumarkhand]]
* [[Murliganj (community development block)|Murliganj]]
* [[Gwalpara]]
* [[Bihariganj (community development block)|Bihariganj]]
* [[Udakishunganj (community development block)|Udakishunganj]]
* [[Puraini (community development block)|Puraini]]
* [[Alamnagar]]
* [[Chousa]]
{{Div col end}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Madhepura district
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|87.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|12.08}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|0.07}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.01}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Madhepura district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,001,762,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Slovenia]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Slovenia 2,000,092 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 232nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1116 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 30.65%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Madhepura has a [[sex ratio]] of 914 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 53.78%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 55.35% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 38.43% [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and 5.71% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Religious place==
*[[Singheshwar (community development block)|Singeshwar]] temple
Madhepura is also in the limelight for Singheshwar Temple that the Istha Linga of Lord Shiva established in it. The [[Barah Purana]] also refers to [[Singheshwar]] as [[Shringeshwar]]. Mahakavi Vidyapati also refers to it in his literature in the 14th century. The [[Valmiki Ramayana]] gives due reference of [[Rishyasringa|Rishi Shringa (Rishyasringa)]] Ashram. Lord Shiva has been imagined to be residing on the bank of his favourite and affectionate [[Koshi River|river Kosi]] in the epic ''Kumar Shambhavam'' written by Mahakavi [[Kalidas]]. As per another belief, Lord [[Vishnu]] himself established this linga. The present temple was erected by Kushan dynasty. In early survey, the temple is recorded in the name of one Bhanu Das. They say that a night's stay at Singheswar gives the fruit of the gift of thousand cows.
*Dakini Sthan, [[Alamnagar]] Block

Nayanagar Bhagwati Sthan, [[Nayanagar]], [[Gwalpara (community development block)|Gwalpara Block]]{{clear}}Baba Vishu Raut, Lowalagan. Chousa
Kali mandir, Ramnagar [kumarkhand block]

==Government institutions and courts==
Governmental institutions in Madhepura include:
*Municipal Corporation
*Collectorate
*Office of the Divisional Commissioner
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140909035117/http://districtcourts.nic.in/ecourts/Patna/Madhepura/Madhepura.php District Court, Madhepura]
*Urban Improvement Trust (UIT)

==Health services==

Healthcare is provided by a combination of public and private-sector hospitals.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140909052324/http://dhs-madhepura.org/?cat=13 Sadar Hospital, Madhepura]
*[https://sites.google.com/site/madhipurach/ Madhipura Christian Hospital].{{clear}}

==Education==
834 Govt. schools are imparting education in the districts. Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University is situated at the district headquarter, Madhepura and adding glory to the educational atmosphere of this district.
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===List of Educational Institutes===
* [http://www.bnmu.in B.N.Mandal University Mahepura]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141218184355/http://pscmadhepura.co.in/ P.Sc.College],
* Commerce College,
* Madhepura College,
* C.M.Sc College,
* R.P.M. College
* [http://jnvmadhepura.bih.nic.in/ Jawahar Navodaya vidyalaya],
* Shiv Nandan Prasad Mandal High School
* Rash Bihari High School
* Kiran Public School, Holy Cross, Holy angels, ([http://www.kpsmadhepura.org Website])
* B R Oxford Residential Public School, Murligang Madhepura
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195042/http://www.samidhagroup.com/ SAMIDHA GROUP]
* Madhepura Public School
* K.P.College Murligang
* B.L.High School Murligang
* Parasmani High School Babu Babhni
* Govt. High School Amari Murliganj Madhepura
* M.M. High School Kumarkhand
* Project kanya High school Kumarkhand
* Durgapur, bhddhi, Manguwar
* Ved Vyas Inter College Amleshwar Nagar Madhepura
* Ved Vyas Degree College Amleshwar Nagar Madhepura
* St Williams Residential School, Karpuri Chowk, Madhepura
* Holy Cross Girls School, Shastri Nagar Madhepura
* South Point Public School, Main Road Madhepura
* Holy Cross School, N. H. 107 Chakla Chowk Madhepura
* Maya Vidya Niketan, Naya Nagar, Madanpur, Madhepura
([http://www.mvnmadhepura.in/?m=1 Website])

==Transport==
Madhepura is connected with road ways and railways.
*See the Block-wise transport Map here.[https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001928/http://madhepura.bih.nic.in/mapblock/Madhepura_block.pdf]

===Roadways===
The district is connected with neighbouring districts and with nearby cities outside the state. National highway No.107 and National Highway No.106 passes through the district.

Daily buses carry passengers inter-state as well as within the city.

===Railways===
The district is linked with broad gauge Rail of North Eastern Railway.
It is connected to Patna, Bihar.
The Town is a halt for around 4 trains.

===Airways===
Nearest Airport is at 247 km in Patna.

==Media==
The Radio Stations are following:

===Newspapers===

*''[[Dainik Jagran]]''
*''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]''
*''[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]''
*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20141205183605/http://www.madhepuratimes.com/ Madhepura Times]''
*''[[Prabhat Khabar]]''

==Festivals==
Shivratri is most celebrated festivals of Madhepura. Common Indian Festivals such as Holi, Diwali, [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid-ul-Adha|Eid ul Zoha]], Durga Puja, Vijayadashami, Saraswati puja and moharram are celebrated with great pomp and show in the city.

== References ==
* [<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://madhepura.bih.nic.in/singhtemple.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003135256/http://madhepura.bih.nic.in/singhtemple.htm |archive-date=2014-10-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>]
<ref>http://www.jagran.com/local/bihar_madhepura-news-hindi.html</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madhepuratimes.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205183605/http://www.madhepuratimes.com/ |archive-date=2014-12-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref>http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/bihar/madhepura/</ref>
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://madhepura.nic.in/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110430231946/http://www.allaboutbihar.com/districts/madhepura/index.php Madhepura Information Portal]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Madhepura district
|North = [[Supaul district]]
|Northeast = [[Araria district]]
|East = [[Purnia district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Bhagalpur district]]
|Southwest = [[Khagaria district]]
|West = [[Saharsa district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Kosi Division}}
{{Kosi Division topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|25|54|36|N|86|46|48|E|region:IN-BR_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhepura District}}
[[Category:Madhepura district| ]]
[[Category:Kosi division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Bihar]]

Madhepura district - Revision history

imported>Vatsmaxed at 16:51, 9 August 2021