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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Madhyama (Ma).jpg|thumb|Madhyam (Ma)]]
'''Madhyam''' is the fourth [[svara]] from the seven svaras of [[Hindustani music]] and [[Carnatic music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://raag-hindustani.com/Notes.html|title = The Notes in an Octave in Indian Classical Music - Raag Hindustani}}</ref> This article is written from the Hindustani perspective. Madhyam is the long form of the syllable म.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://brainly.in/question/4916824 | title=[Answered] What is the full form of SA,RA,GA,MA,PA,DHA,NI,SA - Brainly.in }}</ref> For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Madhyam is pronounced as Ma (notation - M). It is also called as मध्यम in the [[Devanagri]] script.

==Details==
The following is the information about Madhyam and its importance in [[Indian classical music]] :

* Madhyam is the fourth svara in an octave or [[Saptak]].
* Ma is the immediate next svara of [[Gandhar (svara)|Gandhar]] (Ga).
* The [[svara]] of Madhyam is {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}} and {{lang|hi-Latn|Shuddha}}. In fact Madhyam is the only {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}} [[svara]] in the [[Saptak]].
* It is said that Shadja is the basic svara from which all the other six svaras are produced. Breaking the word Shadja yields Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is six and ja is 'giving birth' in [[marathi (language)|Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saxonianfolkways.wordpress.com/2013/01/30/the-7-shadows-of-shadja|title = The 7 Shadows of Shadja|date = 30 January 2013}}</ref> So basically the translation is :
'''षड् - 6, ज -जन्म . Therefore, it collectively means giving birth to the other six notes of the music.'''
So the svara Ma is formed from [[Shadja]].
* There are 4 [[Shruti (music)|Shruti]]'s of Madhyam. Previously the main Shruti not only for Ma but for all the other svaras was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.
For example if these are the 4 Shruti's of Ma then,

'''Previously this was the position of the main Shruti of Ma'''.
'''^'''
'''1 2 3 4'''
''' ^'''
'''But now this position has become the main Shruti of Ma'''.

* All the other svaras except Shadja (Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be {{lang|ti-Latn|komal}} or {{lang|ti-Latn|tivra}} svaras but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called '''Achal Svaras''', since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called '''Chal Svaras''', since these svaras move from their original position.

'''Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni - Shuddha Svaras'''

'''Re, Ga, Dha, Ni - {{lang|hi-Latn|Komal}} Svaras'''

'''Ma - {{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra}} Svaras'''

Ma is a Shuddha Svara as well as a Tivra Svara. But Ma is the only Tivra Svara out of the seven svaras. This is denoted as '''''म॓''''' .

* Ragas from [[Kalyan Thaat]], [[Poorvi Thaat]], [[Marwa Thaat]], [[Todi Thaat]] have Tivra Madhyam, rest of the [[thaat]]s have Shuddha Madhyam.
* Ragas where Ma is the Vadi svara - Raga [[Kedar (raga)|Kedar]], etc. Ragas where Ma is the Samvadi svara - Raga [[Malkauns]].
* Hypothetically speaking, Ma is said to be the Mahipal - Lord Indra, Mahipal as in, the three main gods, [[Bhrama]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]] were first created i.e. Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then [[Gandharvas]] were created for singing and then lord Indra or Raja Indra i.e. Mahipal was created. Ma is made the acronym of [[Lord Indra|Mahipal]] for showing the importance of the syllable Ma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-significance-of-Seven-Sur-Sa-Re-Ga-Ma-Pa-Dha-Ni-Sa-in-music|title=What is the significance of Seven Sur (Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa) in music?}}</ref>
* Madhyam is said to be sourced from call of the [[heron]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS|title = Swara and Shruti|date = 21 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dollsofindia.com/library/raga_ragini/|title = The Raga Ragini System of Indian Classical Music|date = 15 March 2007}}</ref>
* Madhyam is associated with the planet [[Moon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS|title = Swara and Shruti|date = 21 March 2017}}</ref>
* Madhyam is associated with [[White]] colour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS|title = Swara and Shruti|date = 21 March 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Ragas in Hindustani classical music]]
* [[Svara]]
* [[Shadja (svara)|Shadja]] (Sa)
* [[Rishabh (svara)|Rishabh]] (Re)
* [[Gandhar (svara)|Gandhar]] (Ga)
* [[Pancham (svara)|Pancham]] (Pa)
* [[Dhaivat (svara)|Dhaivat]] (Dha)
* [[Nishad (svara)|Nishad]] (Ni)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindustani music]]
[[Category:Carnatic music]]

Madhyam - Revision history

Wikindia777 at 15:33, 25 April 2025