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{{Paleolithic|lower}}
The '''Madrasian culture''' is a prehistoric [[archaeological culture]] of [[India]], dated to the [[Lower Paleolithic]], the earliest subdivision of the [[Stone Age]].<ref name="Armand1985">{{cite book |last=Armand |first=J |editor=V. N. Misra, Peter S. Bellwood |title=Recent advances in Indo-Pacific prehistory: proceedings of the international symposium held at Poona, December 19-21, 1978 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gMoJj-0Z94UC&pg=PA3 |access-date=August 24, 2011 |year=1985 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-07512-2 |pages=3– |chapter=The Emergence of the Handaxe Tradition in Asia, with special reference to India}}</ref><ref name="Avari2007">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IHESVJmY4AC&pg=PA25|title=India, the Ancient Past: a history of the Indian sub-continent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200|date=5 June 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-35616-9|pages=25–|author=Avari, Burjor|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> It belongs to the [[Acheulean|Acheulian industry]], and some scholars consider the distinction between the Madrasian and the broader, regional Acheulian tradition defunct.<ref name="Oakley2011">{{cite book |author=Kenneth Oakley
|title=Frameworks for Dating Fossil Man |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrmOwp2swlgC&pg=PA229 |access-date=24 August 2011 |date=30 April 2007 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0-202-30960-6 |pages=229– |chapter=Paleolithic Cultures in Asia}}</ref><ref name="Singh2008">{{cite book |author=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA73 |access-date=24 August 2011 |date=1 September 2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1120-0 |pages=73–}}</ref>

The Madrasian is characterized by [[Bifacial|bifacial handaxes]] and [[Cleaver (tool)|cleavers]],<ref name="Reddy2006">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC&pg=SL1-PA25|title=Indian Hist (Opt)|date=1 December 2006|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-063577-7|pages=1–|author=Reddy|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> but also includes [[flake tool]]s, [[microlith]]s and other chopping tools. Most were made from [[quartzite]].<ref name="Sen1999">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA23|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|date=1 January 1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|pages=23–|author=Sen, Sailendra Nath|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref>

The Madrasian was named for its [[type site]] of [[Attirampakkam]], near to the city of Madras (now known as [[Chennai]]), discovered by British archaeologist and geologist [[Robert Bruce Foote]] in 1863.<ref name="Avari2007" /><ref name="Oakley2011" /> The oldest tools at Attirampakkam have been dated to 1.5 million years ago using [[Surface exposure dating|cosmic-ray exposure dating]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pappu|first=Shanti|last2=Gunnell|first2=Yanni|last3=Akhilesh|first3=Kumar|last4=Braucher|first4=Régis|last5=Taieb|first5=Maurice|last6=Demory|first6=François|last7=Thouveny|first7=Nicolas|date=2011-03-25|title=Early Pleistocene Presence of Acheulian Hominins in South India|journal=Science|language=en|volume=331|issue=6024|pages=1596–1599|doi=10.1126/science.1200183|pmid=21436450|issn=0036-8075}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[South Asian Stone Age]]
* [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent|Archaeological pottery cultures in India]]
* [[Archaeological culture]]
* [[Archaeological context]]
* [[Chronological dating]]
* [[Excavation (archaeology)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Archaeological cultures in India]]
[[Category:Archaeological cultures of South Asia]]
[[Category:Lower Paleolithic]]
[[Category:Acheulean]]
[[Category:Paleolithic cultures of Asia]]

Madrasian culture - Revision history

imported>Joostik at 16:00, 3 August 2021