150.129.101.74 at 18:31, 10 April 2022

2022-04-10T18:31:20Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Madurai}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madurai
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = India - Madurai temple - 0781.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The towering Gopurams of [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]], [[Madurai]]
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Madurai district'''
|type=shape |id=Q15184
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Madurai district of Tamil Nadu
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS" />
| coordinates = {{coord|09|50|N|077|50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name2 = 
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipal Corporations]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Madurai]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka|Taluks]]
| parts = [[Madurai-North taluk|Madurai North]], [[Madurai-South taluk|Madurai South]], [[Madurai East block|Madurai East]], [[Madurai West block|Madurai West]], [[Melur taluk|Melur]], [[Peraiyur taluk|Peraiyur]], [[Thirumangalam taluk|Tirumangalam]], [[Thiruparankundram]], [[Usilampatti taluk|Usilampatti]], [[Vadipatti taluk|Vadipatti]], [[Kalligudi taluk|Kalligudi]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Madurai]]
| government_type = District Administration
| governing_body = Madurai District Collectorate
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name1 = Aneesh Sekhar, [[Indian Administrative Service|I.A.S.]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Sujit Kumar, [[Indian Police Service|I.P.S.]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 16
| area_total_km2 = 3710
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3,038,252
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 4
| population_density_km2 = 812
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/45-madurai.html | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505011715/http://census2011.co.in/census/district/45-madurai.html|archive-date=5 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 625xxx
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0452
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#TN.E2.80.94Tamil Nadu|TN]]-58, TN-59, TN-64<ref>{{Cite web|title=Registration Series Allotted to Regional Transport Offices|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu, State Transport Authority|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912173047/http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf|archive-date=12 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{Convert|0|km|mi}}
| blank2_name_sec1 = Largest city
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Madurai]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[male|♂]]-50.5% / [[female|♀]]-49.5%
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 81.5%
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = 1
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Assembly constituency]]
| blank6_info_sec1 = 10
| blank7_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank7_info_sec1 = 
| website = {{URL|www.madurai.tn.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Bull Taming, Alanganallur, India.jpg|thumb|right|The famous Jallikattu at [[Alanganallur]]]]
'''Madurai district''' is one of the [[Districts of Tamil Nadu|38 districts]] of the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] in southeastern [[India]].<ref name="GNIS">{{GEOnet2|32FA8822D7AB3774E0440003BA962ED3|Madurai (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Madurai District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} Athens of the East {{!}} India|url=https://madurai.nic.in/|access-date=2021-01-15|language=en-US}}</ref> The city of [[Madurai]] serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous [[Meenakshi temple|Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple]] and is situated on the banks of the river [[Vaigai]]. [[Thiruparankundram]] is one of the major tourist place in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns are [[Melur]], [[Vadipatti]], [[Peraiyur]], and [[Usilampatti]].<ref name="BDS-2001" /> It is an important hub for various film shootings. Alanganallur is a popular spot in the district for [[Jallikattu]], as are Palamedu and Avaniyapuram.

==History==
[[Madurai]] is called with various nicknames like ''Athens of the East'', ''Thoonga Nagaram'' (City that never Sleeps), ''Naan maada koodal'' (City of Four junctions), ''Malligai Managar'' (City of Jasmine), ''Koodal Managar'' (City of Junction) ''Koil Nagar'' (Temple city) etc. The main kingdoms which ruled Madurai during various times are the [[Pandyas]] and the [[Nayaks of Madurai|Nayaks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Madurai |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Madurai |website=britannica.com}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Madurai district had a population of 3,038,252<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> up from 2,578,201 in the 2001 census,<ref name="BDS-2001">{{Cite web|title=Census of India 2001: Basic data Sheet: Madurai District, Tamil Nadu|publisher=The Registrar General and Census Commissioner|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Dist_File/datasheet-3324.pdf}}</ref> for a growth rate of 17.95%. It had a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males, up from 978 in 2001,<ref name="BDS-2001" /> and much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard" /> A total of 313,978 were under the age of six, constituting 162,517 males and 151,461 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 13.46% and 0.37% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.83%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/>

The district had a total of 794,887 households. There were a total of 1,354,632 workers, comprising 81,352 cultivators, 287,731 main agricultural labourers, 39,753 in house hold industries, 765,066 other workers, 180,730 marginal workers, 11,367 marginal cultivators, 85,097 marginal agricultural labourers, 7,540 marginal workers in household industries and 76,726 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Krishnagiri district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=696162|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=6,66,940|13=1911|14=7,69,360|15=1921|16=8,00,795|17=1931|18=8,96,876|19=1941|20=10,14,602|21=1951|22=12,23,574|23=1961|24=13,78,734|25=1971|26=17,30,109|27=1981|28=20,42,704|29=1991|30=24,00,339|31=2001|32=25,78,201|33=2011|34=30,38,252|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Divisions==
Madurai district comprises 13 talukas and [[revenue block]]s, same names same boundaries. Under the [[gram panchayat|gram panchayat system]] rural administration or the district is done by [[panchayat village]]s and the taluka headquarters. The revenue blocks are further sub-divided by [[firka]]s. The three taluks, Tiruparankundram, Madurai West and Madurai East, were created in February 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mariappan, Julie |title=23 new taluks created in Tamil Nadu |date=12 February 2014 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-new-taluks-created-in-Tamil-Nadu/articleshow/30294878.cms |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6RBpQ79Yx?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-new-taluks-created-in-Tamil-Nadu/articleshow/30294878.cms |archive-date=19 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The thirteen talukas/blocks are:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Map: Madurai District Blocks|publisher=Madurai District|url=http://www.madurai.tn.nic.in/block.html|access-date=22 November 2010|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709211406/http://www.madurai.tn.nic.in/block.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Madurai, Tamil Nadu|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India| url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=578&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113150328/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=578&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archive-date=13 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Revenue Administration {{!}} Madurai District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} India|url=https://madurai.nic.in/administrative-setup/revenue-administration/|access-date=2020-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[Thiruparankundram]]—7 firkas
*[[Peraiyur]]—3 firkas
*[[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Tirumangalam]]—3 firkas
*[[Kalligudi]]
*[[Sedapatti]]
*[[Usilampatti]]
*[[Vadipatti]]
*[[Melur]]
*[[Madurai West block|Madurai West]]
*[[Madurai East block|Madurai East]]
*[[Alanganallur taluka|Alanganallur]]
*[[Madurai North]]
*[[Madurai-South taluk|Madurai South]]
}}

===2001 census===
[[File:Madurai Melur.jpg|thumb|Village house in Melur]]
In the 2001 census, Madurai district had only seven talukas: Madurai North, Madurai South, Melur, Peraiyur, Thirumangalam, Vadipatti, and Usilampatti.<ref name="census2001bytehsil">{{Cite web|title=2001 Census of India: List of Villages by Tehsil: Tamil Nadu|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|pages=245–256|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/DIR-33R.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113195316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/DIR-33R.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Electoral divisions==
{| align="left" class="toccolours" style="margin-right: .5em; margin-top: .4em;font-size: 90%; cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" text-align="center" ;
|-
|- bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top"
!Assembly Constituency
!Political Party
!Elected Representative
|-
|Thirupparankundram
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|[[V. V. Rajan Chellappa]]
|-
|Usilampatti
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|P. Ayyappan
|-
|Madurai North
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |DMK
|[[G. Thalapathi]]
|-
|Melur
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|Periya Pullan
|-
|Madurai East
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |DMK
|[[P. Moorthy]]
|-
|Madurai Central
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |DMK
|[[Palanivel Thiagarajan|Palanivel Thiyagarajan]]
|-
| Sholavandan
| bgcolor="#ff666" |DMK
| A. Venkatesan
|-
|Tirumangalam
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|[[R. B. Udhaya Kumar]]
|-
|Madurai South
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |MDMK
| Boominathan
|-
|Madurai West
| bgcolor="#90ee90" |AIADMK
|[[Sellur K. Raju|K. Raju]]
|- bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top"
!Lok Sabha Constituency
!Political Party
!Elected Representative
|-
|[[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
| bgcolor="#ff6666" |CPI(M)
|[[S. Venkatesan]]
|-
| style="font-size: 80%" colspan=3 bgcolor="#cceeff" align="center"| Source: Indian Elections / Election Commission of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election results |publisher=Indian Elections |url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/election-result-06.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208164546/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/election-result-06.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parties Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2008-12-18 }}</ref>
|-
|}
{{clear}}

== Geography ==
The district is bounded by [[Theni district|Theni]] in the west, [[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]] in the east, [[Dindigul District|Dindigul]] in the north, [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]] in the south and small parts of [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]] in the northeast. Madurai district witnessing hot and humid weather throughout the year and considered as hottest district of Tamil Nadu as well hottest city.

===Climate===
{{climate chart
|Madurai
|20|30|20
|21|32|13.5
|22.5|35|18
|25|38|55
|26|37|70
|26|36|40
|25|35.5|49.5
|25|35|104
|24|34|119
|24|33|188
|23|30|145
|21|29|51
|float=right
}}
The climate has extremes. There are three distinct periods of rainfall:
* advancing monsoon period and south west monsoon from June to September, with strong southwest winds;
* north east monsoon from October to December, with dominant north east winds;
* dry season from January to May.
* Madurai District is the hottest district of Tamil Nadu throughout the year. district receives average rainfall and heavy heat which is prevails from March to September. madurai recorded 42℃ at the time of September month.

==Tourist attractions==
* [[Meenakshi Amman Temple|Madurai Meenakshiamman temple]]
* [[Alagar temple]]
* [[Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai]] (Erst while Rani Mangammal Palace)
* [[Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal]]
* [[Vandiyur Mariamman Teppakulam|Theppakulam]], Vandiyur
* [[Madurai Maqbara]]
* Alanganallur jallikattu [[Madurai]]
* Thiruvathavur Thirumarainathar Temple and Birthplace of Manicka Vasakar
* [[Thirumohoor Kalamegaperumal Temple]]
* [[Thirupparamkunram Murugan temple]]
* 1000 Thoon Mandapam (1000 pillar hall)
* Eco park
* Kuruvithurai Vallaba Perumal Temple
* [[Vaigai Dam]] (nearby)
* Anaipatti Anjaneyar Temple
* [[Kodaikanal]] (nearby)
* [[Suruli falls]] (nearby)<ref>Suruli Falls [[Suruli falls]]</ref>
* [[Kutladampatti falls]]
* [[Kazimar Big Mosque]], situated on the banks of [[Kiruthumal river]] (the oldest mosque in Madurai)

==See also==
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://madurai.nic.in/ Madurai District]

{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Madurai district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Madurai district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]

Madurai district - Revision history

150.129.101.74 at 18:31, 10 April 2022