UpdateBot at 10:44, 23 January 2022

2022-01-23T10:44:33Z

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{{Short description|Acting Brotherhood leader}}
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| native_name = محمود عزت
| image = محمود عزت.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Mahmoud Ezzat in 2013
| office = Acting General Guide of the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt]]
| parliament =
| constituency_MP =
| term_start = 20 August 2013
| term_end = 28 August 2020
| predecessor = [[Mohammed Badie]]
| successor = [[Ibrahim Munir]]
| majority =
| birth_name = Mahmoud Ezzat Ibrahim
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|8|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Zagazig]], [[Sharqia Governorate]], [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/34068/5-Egyptian-MB-members-labeled-‘terrorists’-by-Arab-Quartet|title=5 Egyptian MB members labeled 'terrorists' by Arab Quartet|date=25 November 2017|website=EgyptToday}}</ref>
| nationality = Egyptian
| spouse =
| party = [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt]]
| children = 5
| residence =
| relatives = [[Mahdi Akef]] (father in-law)
| alma_mater = [[Zagazig University]]
}}

'''Mahmoud Ezzat Ibrahim''' ({{lang-ar|محمود عزت إبراهيم}}; also sometimes spelled "Mahmoud Izzat"; born 13 August 1944)<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2017/11/23/Who-are-the-Egyptians-on-third-wanted-list-released-by-the-Anti-Terror-Quartet-|title=Who are the Egyptians on third wanted list released by the Anti-Terror Quartet?|date=23 November 2017|website=Al Arabiya English}}</ref> is the former acting general guide of the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt]] and one of the most prominent leaders of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. Historian [[Fawaz Gerges]] describes his role as "akin to chief of staff of the Ikhwan [Muslim Brotherhood]."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gerges|first=Fawaz A.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1022845920|title=Making the Arab world : Nasser, Qutb, and the clash that shaped the Middle East|date=2018|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-9007-1|location=Princeton, New Jersey|pages=27|oclc=1022845920}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ezzat was born on August 13, 1944 in [[Zagazig]], [[Sharqia Governorate]].<ref name="auto2"/> He is a member of the group's counseling office, and a professor at the Faculty of Medicine at [[Zagazig University]]. He is married to the daughter of former supreme guide [[Mahdi Akef]]<ref name="Today">{{Cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/91380/Muslim-Brotherhood-leader-Mahmoud-Ezzat-caught-after-7-years-on|title=Muslim Brotherhood leader Mahmoud Ezzat caught after 7 years on the run|date=August 29, 2020|website=[[Egypt Today]]}}</ref> and has five children with her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/politics/2020/8/28/مصر-اعتقال-محمود-عزت-القائم-بأعمال |title=مصر.. اعتقال محمود عزت القائم بأعمال مرشد الإخوان
|date=August 28, 2020|website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>

==Education==
*Finished high school in 1960.
*He received his Bachelor of Medicine in 1975.
*And Masters in 1980.
*And Ph.D. in 1985 from Zagazig University.
*Obtained a diploma from the Institute of Islamic Studies in 1998
*And a license to recite Quran from the Recitation Institute in 1999.

==Early Muslim Brotherhood links==
He got acquainted with the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] as a boy in 1953. He enrolled in the (Brotherhood) class in 1962 and was one of the disciples of [[Sayyid Qutb]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Raheem|first=Ahmed|date=2013-08-21|title=New Brotherhood Supreme Guide Linked to "Radical Qutb Current"|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2013/08/egypt-brotherhood-new-interim-supreme-guide.html|access-date=2020-09-07|website=Al-Monitor|language=en}}</ref> He was a student in the Faculty of Medicine when he was arrested in 1965. He was sentenced to ten years and was released in 1974.<ref name="Today" /> He was a fourth year student at the time. He completed his studies and graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in 1976, and his connection to the advocacy work in Egypt - especially with the well educated students - remained until he went to work in [[Sanaa University]] in the laboratory department in 1981, and then traveled to [[England]] to complete his doctoral thesis.<ref name="auto1"/> He then returned to Egypt and obtained his doctorate from [[Zagazig University]] in 1985. He was chosen as a member of the [[Members of the Muslim Brotherhood Guidance Office|Guidance Office]] in 1981.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/whos-who-egypts-muslim-brotherhood|title=Who's Who in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood|website=The Washington Institute}}</ref>

==Imprisonment==
* He was arrested in 1965 and spent nine years in prison.<ref name="Today" />
* He was arrested in May 1993 pending investigation into the Brotherhood case known as the Salsabeel case.<ref name="auto"/>
* In 1995, he was imprisoned for being a leader of an illegal organization.<ref name="auto"/>
* He was arrested on January 2, 2009 for participating in a demonstration in the center of [[Cairo]] protesting against [[Gaza War (2008–09)|the Israeli attack on the Gaza Strip]].<ref name="الشرطة بمصر تقبض على أعضاء في جماعة الإخوان قبل احتجاجات غزة">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130708100105/http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE5010DA20090102 الشرطة بمصر تقبض على أعضاء في جماعة الإخوان قبل احتجاجات غزة] [[Reuters]] </ref>
* On 28 August 2020, Ezzat was arrested during an apartment raid in Cairo,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-politics-idUSKBN25O1C3|title=Acting leader of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood arrested in Cairo|newspaper=Reuters|date=August 28, 2020|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> and was succeeded by [[Ibrahim Munir]] as the acting general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.
* On 8 April 2021, he was convicted on "terror" charges, and sentenced to [[life in prison]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/8/egypt-sentences-muslim-brotherhood-leader-to-life-in-prison |title=Egypt sentences Muslim Brotherhood leader to life in prison |website=Al Jazeera |date=8 April 2021 }}</ref>

==Scientific Interests==
*Much research and activity in the field of hospital infection resistance in [[Egypt]] and [[United Kingdom|Britain]].
*Much research into epidemic diseases in Egypt, such as [[meningitis]] and [[cholera]].
*Advocacy interests in the field of education, students, public work, [[human rights]], and medical charitable work.
*Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of the [[Islamic Medical Association]].<ref name="auto"/>

==Appointment as Acting Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood==
After the arrest of [[Mohammed Badie]] on August 20, 2013, the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] appointed Mahmoud Ezzat as the acting guide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ara.reuters.com/article/oegtp-egy-brotherhood-mr4-idARACAE9B2JS020130820|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021400/http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE9B2JS020130820|url-status=dead|title=محمود عزت مرشدا عاما مؤقتا لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين في مصر|author=Reuters Staff|date=August 20, 2013|archivedate=March 5, 2016|via=ara.reuters.com}}</ref>

==Judgments in absentia==
[[File:Mahmoud Ezzat, painted portrait.jpg|thumb|left | Portrait of Mahmoud Ezzat.]]
Mahmoud Ezzat was issued a number of judgments in absentia in several cases:
* On December 19, 2021, Egypt's State Security Assize Court upheld the death sentence on the former acting Muslim Brotherhood Supreme Leader. He was charged with "foreign intelligence" and "acts of terrorism and sabotage".
* The case of the “Al-Sharainah cell in [[Minya, Egypt|Minya]]”: The Minya Criminal Court ruled, on 18 August 2020, that the deputy guide of [[Muslim Brotherhood]] Mahmoud Ezzat and seven others were sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia for “inciting violence and inciting riots” and possessing publications that would incite disturbing public opinion."<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/8/18/المؤبد-لـ8-متهمين-بينهم-نائب-مرشد-الإخوان-فى-أحداث-عنف/4934834
| title = المؤبد لـ8 متهمين بينهم نائب مرشد الإخوان فى أحداث عنف بالمنيا
| date = 2020-08-18
| work = [[youm7]]
| accessdate = 2020-09-06
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200828181432/https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/8/18/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%808-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81/4934834
| archivedate = 28 August 2020
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
* Prison break case: On June 16, 2015, the Cairo Criminal Court issued a judgment in absentia to execute Mahmoud Ezzat and 92 others, accused of escaping from [[Wadi el-Natrun Prison]] after breaking out of the prison in 2011.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.madamasr.com/ar/2015/06/16/news/سياسة/اقتحام-السجون-99-إعدام-بينهم-مرسي-وبديع/
| title = "اقتحام السجون": 99 إعدام بينهم مرسي وبديع وثلاثة شهداء وأسير.. و"التخابر": إعدام للشاطر والبلتاجي والمؤبد لمرسي
| work = [[Mada Masr]]
| language = ar
| accessdate = 2020-09-06
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200714070041/https://madamasr.com/ar/2015/06/16/news/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86-99-%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B9/
| archivedate = 14 July 2020
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
* The "Guidance Office Events" case: He was sentenced to life imprisonment.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/8/28/السجل-الإرهابي-لـ-محمود-عزت-2-إعدام-و2-مؤبد/4949827
| title = السجل الإرهابي لـ"محمود عزت": 2 إعدام و2 مؤبد
| date = 2020-08-28
| work = youm7
| accessdate = 2020-09-06
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200828181447/https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/8/28/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%80-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%AA-2-%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%882-%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%A8%D8%AF/4949827
| archivedate = 28 August 2020
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
* Communication case: The Criminal Court of [[Nasr City]], in absentia, sentenced Mahmoud Ezzat to death for accusing him of communicating with [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/egypt/2020/08/28/مصر-والارهاب-تفاصيل-القبض-على-محمود-عزت-مخزن-أسرار-الاخوان-في-مصر-.html
| title = تفاصيل القبض على محمود عزت مخزن أسرار الإخوان في مصر
| date = 2020-08-28
| work = Al Arabiya
| language = ar
| accessdate = 2020-09-06
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200828181408/https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/egypt/2020/08/28/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B6-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-.html
| archivedate = 28 August 2020
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hassan al-Banna]]
* [[Hassan al-Hudaybi]]
* [[Mohammed Mahdi Akef]]
* [[Khairat el-Shater]]
* [[Essam el-Erian]]
* [[Sayyid Qutb]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110405124713/http://ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ArtID=31629&SecID=0 الأمين العام لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين في حوارٍ صريحٍ جدًّا]، إخوان أون لاين, 23 أكتوبر 2007م
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100131062623/http://aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/5EAFC701-7458-4275-B9A5-5E9E394DF260.htm مستقبل جماعة الإخوان المسلمين], [[Bela Hodod]], [[Al Jazeera]], 16 December 2009

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ezzat, Mahmoud}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Egyptian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leaders]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Zagazig]]
[[Category:Zagazig University alumni]]
[[Category:Egyptian infectious disease physicians]]
[[Category:Egyptian politicians convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Egypt]]

Mahmoud Ezzat - Revision history

UpdateBot at 10:44, 23 January 2022