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{{Infobox royalty
|name = Mahmud Shah I
|title = Sultan of Gujarat
|image =
|caption =
|reign1 =May 25, 1458 –November 26, 1511
|coronation =
|full name =Sultân al-Barr Sultân al-Bahr Abu'l Fath Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I.
|predecessor1 = [[Daud Shah of Gujarat|Daud Shah]]
|successor1 = [[Muzaffar Shah II]]
|predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
|spouse =Rupamanjhari, Hirabai
|issue = Khalíl Khán (Muzaffar Shah II), Muhammad Kála, Ápá Khán, Áhmed Khán
|royal house =
|dynasty =[[Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat]]
|father = [[Muhammad Shah II]]
|mother = Bíbi Mughli
| birth_date = 1445
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]]
| death_date = 23 November 1511
| death_place = Ahmedabad
| burial_place = [[Sarkhej Roza]], Ahmedabad
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
{{Gujarat Sultanate}}
Sultan '''Mahmud Begada''' or '''Mahmud Shah I''' ({{reign|25 May 1458|23 November 1511}}), was the most prominent [[Sultan]] of [[Gujarat Sultanate]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=114–115}}</ref> Raised to the throne at young age, he successfully captured [[Pavagadh]] and [[Junagadh]] forts in battles which gave him his name ''Begada''. He established [[Champaner]] as the capital.

==Names==
His full name was '''Abu'l Fath Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I'''. He was born '''Fat'h Khan''' or '''Fateh Khan'''. He titled himself, ''Sultân al-Barr, Sultân al-Bahr'', Sultan of the Land, Sultan of the Sea.

Of the origin of Mahmúd's surname '''Begra''' or '''Begarha''', two explanations are given in ''Bird’s History of Gujarát'' (p. 202) and ''Mirăt-i-Ahmedi'' (Persian Text, pp. 74):<ref name="GBP"/>
# From his mustachios being large and twisted like a bullock's horn, such a bullock being called Begado.
# That the word comes from the Gujaráti ''be'', two, and ''gadh'', a fort, the people giving him this title in honour of his capture of two forts; [[Junagadh]] of [[Girnar]] (1472) and [[Pavagadh]] of [[Champaner]] (1484).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ|title=History of Medieval India: 800-1700|first=Satish|last=Chandra|publisher= Orient BlackSwan|year=2007|isbn=978-8125032267|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref>

==Early life==
On the death of Kutb-ud-dín [[Ahmad Shah II]], the nobles raised to the throne his uncle [[Daud Shah of Gujarat|Dáúd Khan]], son of [[Ahmad Shah I]]. But as Dáúd appointed low-born men to high offices and committed improper acts. Within a short period of seven or twenty-seven days, he was deposed, and in 1459 his half-brother Fateh Khán, the son of [[Muhammad Shah II]] by Bíbi Mughli, a daughter of Jám Júna of [[Samma dynasty]] ruling from [[Thatta]] in [[Sindh]]; was seated on the throne at the age of little more than thirteen with the title of Mahmúd Sháh I.<ref name="GBP">{{cite book|editor=James Macnabb Campbell|editor-link=James Macnabb Campbell|title=History of Gujarát|chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm|series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|volume=Volume I. Part II.|year=1896|publisher=The Government Central Press|pages=244–251|chapter=II. ÁHMEDÁBÁD KINGS. (A. D. 1403–1573.)}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The close connection of Fateh Khán with the saintly Sháh Álam is frequently mentioned by with Gujarát chroniclers. According to the ''Mirăt-i-Sikandari'' (Persian Text, 66–70) of his two daughters Jám Júna intended Bíbi Mughli the more beautiful for the Saint and Bíbi Mirghi the less comely for the Sultán. By bribing the Jám's envoys the king secured the prettier sister. The enraged Saint was consoled by his father who said: My son, to you will come both the cow and the calf. After Muhammad Shah II's death, fear of Kutb-ud-dín Ahmad Shah II's designs against the young Fateh Khán forced Bíbi Mughli to seek safety with her sister, and on her sister's death she married the Saint. Kutb-ud-dín made several attempts to seize Fateh Khán. But by the power of the Saint when Kutb-ud-dín attempted to seize him, Fateh Khán in body as well as in dress became a girl. According to one account Kutb-ud-dín met his death in an attempt to carry off Fateh Khán. As he rode a mad camel, the king struck at the phantom, and his sword cleaving the air gashed his knee. This was the Saint's sword, which against his will, for he knew it would be the death of the king, Kutb-ud-dín forced Sháh Álam to bind round him before the battle of [[Kapadvanj]] against [[Mahmud Khilji]] of [[Malwa Sultanate]].<ref name="GBP"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Desai|first=S. K.|date=1966-01-31|title=Lives and times of Mahmud Shah I and Muzaffar Shah II of Gujarat|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/59879|journal=PHD|language=en|publisher=Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|pages=30|via=Shodhganga@INFLIBNET}}</ref>

==Reign==
===Early years===
[[File:Bhadra Fort.JPG|thumb|Gate of [[Bhadra Fort]]]]
Soon his uncle Dáúd Khan died. Shortly after certain of the nobles including Seiful Mulk, Kabír-ud-dín Sultáni surnamed Akd-ul-Mulk, Burhán-ul-Mulk and Hisám-ul-Mulk represented to the Sultán that the minister Shaâbán Imád-ul-Mulk contemplated treason and wished to set his son on the throne. Having seized and imprisoned the minister in the [[Bhadra Fort]] and set five hundred of their trusted retainers as guards over him, the rebels retired to their homes. At nightfall Abdulláh, the chief of the elephant stables, going to the young Sultán represented to him that the nobles who had imprisoned Imád-ul-Mulk were the real traitors and had determined to place Habíb Khán, an uncle of the Sultán's, on the throne. The Sultán consulting his mother and some of his faithful friends ordered Abdulláh at daybreak to equip all his elephants in full armour and draw them up in the square before the Bhadra. He then seated himself on the throne and in a voice of feigned anger ordered one of the courtiers to bring out Shaâbán Imád-ul-Mulk, that he might wreak his vengeance upon him. As these orders were not obeyed the Sultán rose, and walking up the Bhadra called: “Bring out Shaâbán!” The guards brought forth Imád-ul-Mulk, and the Sultán ordered his fetters to be broken. Some of the nobles’ retainers made their submission to the Sultán, others fled and hid themselves. In the morning, hearing what had happened, the refractory nobles marched against the Sultán. Many advised the Sultán to cross the [[Sabarmati river]] by the [[postern]] gate and retire from the city, and, after collecting an army, to march against the nobles. Giving no ear to these counsels the young Sultán ordered Abdulláh to charge the advancing nobles with his six hundred elephants. The charge dispersed the malcontents who fled and either hid themselves in the city or betook themselves to the country. Some were killed, some were trampled by the Sultán's orders under the elephants’ feet, and one was pardoned.<ref name="GBP"/>

In 1461 or 1462, according to ''Farishtah'', [[Nizam Shah Bahmani]] (r. 1461–1463), the sultan of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in Deccan, whose country had been invaded by Sultán [[Mahmud Khilji]] of [[Malwa Sultanate]], applied for help to the Gujarát king. Mahmúd Sháh at once started to Nizám Sháh's aid, and on his way receiving another equally pressing letter from the Deccan sovereign, and being joined by the Báhmani general Khwájáh Jehán Gáwán, he pushed on with all speed by way of [[Burhanpur]]. When Sultán Mahmúd Khilji heard of his approach, he retired to his own country by way of [[Gondwana]], from thirst and from the attacks of the Gonds, losing 5000 to 6000 men. The king of Gujarát, after receiving the thanks of the Deccan sovereign, returned to his own dominions. In 1462, Sultán Mahmúd Khilji made another incursion into the Deccan at the head of 90,000 horse, plundering and laying waste the country as far as [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]]. Again the Deccan sovereign applied for help to Mahmúd Sháh, and on hearing of Mahmúd's advance the Málwa Sultán retired a second time to his own dominions. Mahmúd Sháh wrote to the Málwa Sultán to desist from harassing the Deccan, threatening, in case of refusal, to march at once upon [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]. His next expedition was against the pirate zamíndárs of the hill fort of [[Barur]] and the bandar of Dûn or [[Dahanu]], whose fort he took, and after imposing an annual tribute allowed the chief to continue to hold his hundred villages.<ref name="GBP"/>

===Junagadh (Girnar)===
[[File:Jama Masjid, Uperkot 03.jpg|thumb|[[Jumma Masjid, Uparkot]] at Junagadh was built by Begada]]
Mahmúd Sháh next turned his thoughts to the conquest of the mountain citadel, [[Uparkot Fort|Uparkot]], of [[Girnar]] hill near [[Junagadh]] in [[Sorath prant|Sorath]] (now in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of [[Gujarat]]). In 1467, he attacked the fort of Junágaḍh, and receiving the submission of Rao [[Mandalika III]], the [[Chudasama dynasty|Chudasama]] ruler, returned to his capital. In the following year, hearing that the Junágaḍh chief continued to visit his temple in state with a golden umbrella and other ensigns of royalty, Mahmúd despatched an army to Junágaḍh, and the chief sent the umbrella to the king, accompanied by fitting presents. In 1469, Mahmúd once more sent an army to ravage Sorath, with the intention of finally conquering both Junágaḍh and Girnár. While Mahmúd was on the march the Ráo Mandalika suddenly joined him, and asking why the Sultán was so bent on his destruction when he had committed no fault, agreed to do whatever Mahmúd might command. The king replied there is no fault like infidelity, and ordered the Rá to embrace [[Islam]]. The chief, now thoroughly alarmed, fled by night and made his way into Girnár. In 1472–73, after a siege of nearly two years, forced by the failure of his stores, he quitted the fort and handing the keys to the king, converted to Islam. Though the Rá's life was spared, Sorath from this date became a crown possession, and was governed by an officer appointed by the king and stationed at Junágaḍh.<ref name="GBP"/>

At the close of the war, in 1479, Mahmúd Sháh repaired the fort Jehánpanáh, the present outer or town wall of Junágaḍh, and, charmed with the beauty of the neighbourhood, settled sayads and learned men at Junágaḍh and other towns in Sorath. He induced the nobles to build houses, himself raised a palace and made the new city his capital under the name of Mustafábad and enforced his claims as overlord on all the neighbouring chiefs. In the times of [[Ahmad Shah I]], these chieftains, including even the Junágaḍh Rá himself, had paid tribute. But Mahmúd established rule so firmly that the duty of collecting the tribute was entrusted to an officer permanently settled in the country. The author of the ''Mirăt-i-Sikandari'' dilates on the dense woods round Junágaḍh, full of mango, ráen, jámbu, gúlar, ámli, and áonla trees (Mangifera indica, Mimusops hexandra, Eugenia jambolana, Ficus glomerata, Tamarindus indica, and Emblica officinalis.), and notes that this forest tract was inhabited by Khánts.<ref name="GBP"/>

In 1480, when Mahmúd Sháh was at Junágaḍh, Khudáwand Khán and others, who were weary of the king's constant warfare, incited his eldest son Áhmed Khan to assume royal power. But Imád-ul-Mulk, by refusing to join, upset their plans, and on the king's return the conspiracy was stamped out.<ref name="GBP"/>

===Champaner (Pavagadh)===
[[File:BHAMARIA WELL Mahamadabad GUJARAT.jpg|thumb|Bhammariyo Kuvo]]
In 1479, Mahmúd Sháh sent an army to ravage [[Champaner]] then held by Khichi Chauhan Rajputs which titled themselves as Raval. About this time, hearing that the neighbourhood was infested with robbers, he founded the city of Mehmúdábád (now [[Mahemdavad]]) on the banks of the Vatrak river, about eighteen miles south of Áhmedábád.<ref name="GBP"/> Several monuments in Mahemdavad are credited to him including Bhammariyo Kuvo, a well; Chanda-Suraj No Mehal, a palace and Roza-Rozi.

In 1482 there was a partial famine in Gujarát, and the Chámpáner country being exempt from scarcity the commandant of Morámli or Rasúlábád, a post in the Gáekwár's Sáonli district on the Chámpáner frontier, made several forays across the border. In return the chief attacked the commandant and defeated him, killing most of his men and capturing two elephants and several horses. On hearing this Mahmúd Sháh set out for [[Baroda]] (now [[Vadodara]]) with a powerful army. When Mahmúd reached Baroda the Rával of Chámpáner, becoming alarmed, sent ambassadors and sued for forgiveness. The king rejected his overtures, saying: "Except the sword and the dagger no message shall pass between me and you." The Rával made preparations for a determined resistance, and sent messengers to summon [[Ghiyath Shah|Ghiás-ud-dín Khilji]] of Málwa Sultanate to his aid. To prevent this junction Mahmúd Sháh entrusted the siege to his nobles and marched to [[Dahod]], on which Sultán Ghiás-ud-dín withdrew to Mándu. On his return from Dahod, the Sultán began building a [[Jama Mosque, Champaner|Jáma Mosque at Chámpáner]] to show that he would not leave the place till he had taken the hill-fort of [[Pavagadh]]. After the siege had lasted more than twenty months (April 1483–December 1484), the Mahmud's soldiers noticed that for an hour or two in the morning most of the soldiers of Raval were off duty bathing and dressing. A morning assault was planned and the first gate carried. Then Malik Ayáz Sultáni finding a practicable breach passed through with some of his men and took the great gate. The Rával and his Rájputs rushed out in a fierce but unavailing charge. The Rával and his minister Dúngarshi fell wounded into the conqueror's hands, and, on refusing to embrace Islám, were put to death. Pavagadh was conquered on 21 November 1484. The Rával's son, who was entrusted to Seif-ul-Mulk, and converted to Islam, afterwards, in the reign of Muzaffar Sháh (1523–1526), was ennobled by the title of Nizám-ul-Mulk.<ref name="GBP"/>

On the capture of Pávágaḍh, Mahmúd Sháh built a wall round the town of Chámpáner, and made it his capital under the name of Muhammadábád. Under Mahmúd's orders the neighbourhood became stocked with mangoes, pomegranates, figs, grapes, sugarcane, plantains, oranges, custard apples, khirnis or ráens (Mimusops indica or hexandra), jackfruit, and cocoapalms, as well as with roses, chrysanthemums, jasmins, champás, and sweet pandanus. A sandal grove near Chámpáner is said to have had trees large enough to help his nobles to build their mansions. At the instance of the Sultán a Khurásáni beautified one of the gardens with fountains and cascades. A Gujaráti named Hálur learning the principle improved on his master's design in a garden about four miles west of Chámpáner, which in his honour still bears the name [[Halol]].<ref name="GBP"/> It took 23 years to build the town. The town finally succumbed to attacks from the [[Mughal Empire]] under [[Humayun]] in 1535.
[[File:Jama masjid in Champaner.JPG|thumb|[[Jama Mosque, Champaner]]]]
The Jama mosque of Champaner is an imposing structure on a high plinth with two tall [[minaret]]s 30 m tall, 172 pillars and seven [[mihrab]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/India/West/Gujarat/Champaner/photo1252934.htm|title=Champaner|website=www.trekearth.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-06-28}}</ref> The central dome, the placement of balconies and carved entrance gates with fine stone ''[[jali]]s''. Other Champaner structures attributed to the Begada period are the [[Kevada Masjid, Champaner|Kevada Masjid]], Citadel Jahanpanah, Shahar ki Masjid, Mandvi the customs house, Nagina Masjid, Bava Man's Masjid, Khajuri Masjid, Ek Minar Masjid, and the Lila Gumbaz.<ref name="Congress2003">{{cite book|author=Congress|title=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxJDAAAAYAAJ|access-date=29 September 2012|year=2003|publisher=Indian History Congress|page=342}}</ref> [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]] is now UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]].

===Last years===
In 1494–95 Mahmúd went against Bahádur Khán Gíláni, a vassal of the Bahmani Sultanate, who from [[Goa]] and [[Dabhol]] had harassed the Gujarát harbours. Gilani was earlier warned by attacking [[Mahim]] island (now in [[Mumbai]]) by 20 ships under Yakut the Abyssinian, his slave. This time he sent an army by land and 300 boats by sea to attack Dabhol under Malik Sarang Kivam-ul-Mulk. The Bahmani Sultán, fearing the consequences to himself, marched against Bahádur Khán, and, capturing him alive, struck off his head, and sent it to the Gujarát monarch, who returned to his own country.<ref name="GBP"/><ref name="Edwardes2011">{{cite book|author=Stephen Meredyth Edwardes|title=The Rise of Bombay: A Retrospect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48r8I_TDw8EC&pg=PA58|date=2 June 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-14407-0|pages=57–58}}</ref>

In 1499–1500, hearing that Násir-ud-dín of Málwa had killed his father Ghiás-ud-dín and seated himself on the throne, the Sultán prepared to advance against him, but was appeased by Násir-ud-dín's humble attitude. The next seven years passed without any warlike expedition.<ref name="GBP"/>

;Battles with the Portuguese
[[Cambay]] (now Khambhat) was an important port of the Gujarat Sultanate. It was an essential intermediary in east–west trade, between the [[Red Sea]], [[Egypt]] and [[Malacca]]. Gujaratis were important middlemen bringing spices from the [[Maluku Islands]] as well as silk from China, and then selling them to the Mamluks and Arabs.<ref>{{cite book|last=Diffie|first=Bailey Wallys|title=Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZtMBLJ7GgC|date=1977|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=0-8166-0782-6|pages=234–235}}</ref> The Portuguese had entered India and were strengthening their presence in [[Arabian Sea]]. Mahmud Begada allied with the Kozhikkodu Samutiri (anglicised to [[Zamorin of Calicut]]) to defeat the Portuguese. He then asked his trade partners, the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate]] of [[Cairo]], for help.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dRmvGS5MYcC&q=Francisco+de+Almeida+letter++Malik&pg=PA30|title=Portuguese and the Sultanate of Gujarat, 1500-1573|last=Mathew|first=Kuzhippalli Skaria|date=1986|publisher=Mittal Publications|page=30|language=en}}</ref> In 1508, near [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]], on his way to [[Chaul]], Mahmúd heard of the victory gained in the [[Battle of Chaul]] over the Portuguese by the Gujarát squadron under [[Malik Ayyaz]] Sultáni, in concert with the Egyptian fleet of the Mamluks. In 1509, the [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]], a [[naval battle]] was fought near [[Diu Island|Diu]] port between the [[Portuguese Empire]] and a joint fleet of the Gujarat Sultanate under Malik Ayyaz, the [[Burji dynasty|Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt]], the [[Saamoothiri|Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] with support of the Turkish feet of [[Ottoman Empire]], the [[Republic of Venice]] and the [[Republic of Ragusa]] (Dubrovnik). The Portuguese won the battle and the event marks the start of [[European colonialism]] in [[Asia]].<ref name="rogers">Rogers, Clifford J. ''Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe'', San Francisco:Westview Press, 1995, pp. 299–333 at [http://www.angelfire.com/ga4/guilmartin.com/Revolution.html Angelfire.com]</ref>

;Death
{{multiple image
| image1 = Tomb of Mohd.jpg
| width1 =
| image2 = Sarkhej roza..JPG
| width2 =
| footer = Mausoleum of Mahmud Begada (left) and his queen Bibi Rajbai (right) at [[Sarkhej Roza]], Ahmedabad
}}
From 1508, Mahmúd remained at his capital till his death in December 1511 at the age of sixty-six years and three months, after a reign of fifty-four years and one month. Mahmúd was buried at [[Sarkhej Roza]] near Ahmedabad and received the after-death title of ''Khúdáigán-i-Halím'' or the Meek Lord.<ref name="GBP"/>

Immediately before his death Sultán Mahmúd was informed that [[Ismail I|Sháh Ismáil Safawi of Persia]] had sent him a friendly embassy headed by Yádgár Beg Kazil-básh. As the [[Qizilbash|Kazil-básh]]es were known to be [[Shia]], the Sultán, who was a staunch [[Sunni]], prayed that he might not be forced to see a Shia's face during his last days. His prayer was heard. He died before the Persian embassy entered the city.<ref name="GBP"/>

During the last days of Sultán Mahmúd, Sayed [[Muhammad Jaunpuri|Muhammad of Jaunpur]], who claimed to be the [[Mahdi]] or Messiah, came from [[Jaunpur Sultanate|Jaunpur]] and lodged in Tájkhán Sálár's mosque near the Jamalpur [[Gates of Ahmedabad|gate of Áhmedábád]]. His sermons drew crowds, and were so persuasive that he gained a large body of followers, who believed his eloquence to be due to ''hál'' or inspiration. Mahmúd's ministers persuaded him not to see the Jaunpur preacher.<ref name="GBP"/>

;His nobles
Mahmúd Begada's court was adorned by several pious and high-minded nobles. In life they vied with one another in generous acts; and after death, according to the Persian poet Urfi, they left their traces in the characters and carvings of stone walls and marble piles. First among these nobles the ''Mirăt-i-Sikandari'' (Persian Text, 132, 142) mentions Dáwar-ul-Mulk, whose god-fearing administration made his estates so prosperous that they were coveted by princes of the blood. As Thánadár of Amron in north [[Kathiawad]], he spread Islám from [[Morbi]] to [[Bhuj]], and after his death his fame as a spirit-ruling guardian drew hosts of sick and possessed to his shrine near Morbi. The second was Malik Ayáz, governor of Diu, who built the strong fortress afterwards reconstructed by the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]]. He also built a tower on an under-water rock, and from the tower drew a massive iron chain across the mouth of the harbour. A substantial bridge over the creek, that runs through the island of Diu, was afterwards destroyed by the Portuguese. The third was Khudáwand Khán Ālím, the founder of Ālímpura a suburb to the south of Áhmedábád, adorned with a mosque of sandstone and marble. He introduced the cultivation of melons figs and sugarcane into Gujarát from [[Bijapur]]. The fourth was Imád-ul-Mulk Āsas who founded [[Isanpur]], a suburb between Sháh Álam's suburb of Islámpur and Vatva (all now in Ahmedabad), and planted along the road groves of khirnis and mangoes. The fifth was Tájkhán Sálár, so loved of his peers that after his death none of them would accept his title. The sixth was Malik Sárang Kiwám-ul-Mulk, a Rájput by birth, the founder of the suburb of Sarangpur and its mosque to the east of Áhmedábád. The seventh and eighth were the Khurásáni brothers Aâzam and Moâzzam, who built a cistern, a mosque, and a [[Azam and Muazzam Khan's Tomb|their tomb]] between Vasna and Sarkhej.<ref name="GBP"/>

==Family==
Besides Khalíl Khán, who succeeded him, Mahmúd had three sons: Muhammad Kála, Ápá Khán, and Áhmed Khán. Kála, son of Ráni Rúp Manjhri died during his father's lifetime as did his mother, who was buried in [[Manek Chowk (Ahmedabad)|Mánek Chowk]] in Áhmedábád in the building known as the [[Rani no Hajiro|Ráni's Hazíra]]. The second son Ápá Khán was caught trespassing in a noble's harím, and was ordered by the Sultán to be poisoned. The third son was the Áhmed Khán whom Khudáwand Khán sought to raise to the throne during Sultán Mahmúd's lifetime.<ref name="GBP"/>

==In culture==
Some European travellers circulated popular tales about him. One of these tales told that he was given mild poisons from his childhood which had made him poisonous and immune to poisons and those became the source for the English satirist [[Samuel Butler (poet)|Samuel Butler]]'s seventeenth-century lines: "The Prince of Cambay's daily food/ Is asp and basilisk and toad".<ref name="GBP"/> There are various other stories about his good appetite, some of which are noted by modern historians too. According to [[Satish Chandra (historian)|Satish Chandra]], Mahmud used to eat lot of food during the day and Meat patties(''Samosas'') were kept at his bedside by his servants at night in case he felt hungry.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ|title=History of Medieval India: 800-1700|first=Satish|last=Chandra|publisher= Orient BlackSwan|year=2007|isbn=978-8125032267|access-date=2020-09-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Wikiquote}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmud Begada}}
[[Category:1445 births|Begada, Mahmud]]
[[Category:1511 deaths|Begada, Mahmud]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Gujarat sultans]]
[[Category:People from Ahmedabad]]

Mahmud Begada - Revision history

imported>Nizil Shah at 08:32, 15 August 2021