->Srich32977 at 23:37, 20 July 2021

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{{Short description|15th-century sultan of the Malwa Sultanate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mahmud Khalji
| title = Sultan
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| image = Mahmud Khilji's Tomb 04.jpg
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| alt = Mahmud Khilji's Tomb in [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
| caption = Mahmud Khalji's Tomb in [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu, Madhya Pradesh, India]]
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'''Mahmud Khalji''' (1436–69), also known as '''Mahmud Khilji''' and Ala-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I was a 15th-century [[Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate]], a kingdom in what is now the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=116}}</ref> Khilji crowned himself sultan after assassinating Mohammad, the son of the previous ruler, [[Hoshang Shah]], in 1435. He mounted an unsuccessful campaign against the [[Delhi Sultanate]] however, it was under his reign that the Malwa Sultanate reached its greatest height.<ref name=poole>{{cite book|last1=Lane-Poole|first1=Stanley|title=Medieval India under Mohammedan Rule, (A.D. 712-1764)|date=1970|publisher=Haskell House|location=New York|isbn=978-0838311967|page=174|access-date=|url=https://www.questia.com/library/163947/medieval-india-under-mohammedan-rule-a-d-712-1764|via=|url-access=}}{{dl|date=July 2021}} </ref>

==Battles fought by Mehmud Khalji==
* '''[[Battle of Mandavgad]] (1440)''' - A Battle in which [[Rana Kumbha]] defeated and captured Mehmud Khalji.
* '''[[Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas]] (1442-1446)''' - A series of battles that took place between Mahmud Khalji of [[Malwa]] and [[Rana Kumbha]] of [[Mewar]]. bloodied by these engagements the Sultan did not attack Mewar for another ten years.<ref>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books.</ref><ref>Har Bilas Sarda "Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar" pg 47</ref>
*'''Siege of Gagron (February 1444)''' - Sultan Mahmud besieged Gagron which belonged to Palhan Singh Khichi. Rana Kumbha had sent reinforcements under his commander Dahir, but Dahir died in battle and Palhan was killed by bhils while fleeing from the fort.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 4.</ref>
*'''Battle of Mandalgarh (1456)''' - Sultan Mahmud attacked Mandalgarh, he sent 7 detachments to attack the Rana from multiple directions. The Malwa forces under Taj Khan and Ali Khan suffered heavy losses in battle against Rana Kumbha after which Mahmud retreated the next morning.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 9.</ref>
*'''Siege of Mandalgarh (December 1456-October 1457)''' - In December Rana Kumbha was forced to move north to confront the sultan of Gujarat, Sultan Mahmud once again attacked Mandalgarh and captured it after a siege.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 11.</ref>
*'''Siege of Kumbalgarh (1458-9)''' - Sultan Mahmud besieged Kumbalgarh but finding the fort too strong he retreated back to Mandu.<ref name="ReferenceA">Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.</ref>
*'''Battle of Mewar (1467)''' - Sultan Mahmud invaded Mewar and fought a battle with Rana Kumbha, but retreated after taking heavy losses. This was the last battle fought between the two rivals.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Rule==
During rule of [[Muhammad Shah II]] of [[Gujarat Sultanate]], Mahmud Khilji invaded Gujarat. After capturing and saving [[Champaner]], he continued his march upon Gujarat at the head of 80,000 horse. Soon Muhammad Shah II died and was succeeded by Kutb-ud-Din [[Ahmad Shah II]]. Mahmud Khilji had laid siege to Sultánpur. Malik Ala-ud-din bin Sohráb, Kutb-ud-dín's commander surrendered the fort, and was sent with honour to Malwa and appointed governor of [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]. Mahmud Khilji, marching to Sarsa-Paldi, summoned [[Bharuch]], then commanded by Sídi Marján on behalf of Gujarát Sultanate. The Sidi refused, and fearing delay, the Malwa Sultan after plundering [[Baroda]] (now [[Vadodara]]) proceeded to [[Nadiad]], whose Bráhmans astonished him by their bravery in killing a mad elephant. Kutb-ud-din Shah now advancing met Sultan Mahmud Khilji at [[Kapadvanj]] where, after a doubtful fight of some hours, Kutb-ud-din Shah defeated Sultán Mahmud Khilji. Muzaffar Khán, who is said to have incited the Malwa Sultan Khilji to invade Gujarat, was captured and beheaded, and his head was hung up at the gate of Kapadvanj.<ref name="GBP">{{cite book|editor=James Macnabb Campbell|editor-link=James Macnabb Campbell|title=History of Gujarát|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm|series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|volume=1-Part 2|year=1896|publisher=The Government Central Press|pages=242–243|chapter=II. ÁHMEDÁBÁD KINGS. (A. D. 1403–1573.)}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

In the same year, Sultan Mahmud Khalji attempted to conquer [[Nagaur|Nagor]] then held by Firuz Khan, a cousin of the Gujarat Sultan. Kutb-ud-din Shah despatched an army under the command of Sayad Ataullah, and, as it drew near [[Sambhar Lake Town|Sambhar]], the Malwa Sultan retired and shortly after Firuz Khan died.<ref name="GBP"/>

==See also==
* [[Vijaya Stambha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons}}

[[Category:Kings of Malwa]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]

Mahmud Khalji - Revision history

->Srich32977 at 23:37, 20 July 2021