imported>Ivangeta at 06:41, 24 May 2021

2021-05-24T06:41:43Z

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{{Italic title|reason=Pakistan word}}[[File:Maida flour.jpg|thumb|Maida flour]]'''{{lang|hi-Latn|Maida}}''' is a [[white flour]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]], made from [[wheat]]. Finely milled without any [[bran]], refined, and bleached, it closely resembles [[cake flour]]. {{lang|hi-Latn|Maida}} is used extensively for making [[fast food]]s, baked goods such as pastries, [[bread]],<ref name="manu">{{cite news|last=Manu Vipin|title=A life without bread and pasta? Unthinkable! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/diet/A-life-without-bread-and-pasta-Unthinkable/articleshow/10552852.cms |access-date=2012-04-22 |newspaper=Times of India|date=2011-10-31}}</ref> several varieties of sweets, and traditional flatbreads.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharon Tyler Herbst and Ron Herbst |title=The Food Lover's Companion - Fourth edition by Barron's Educational Series (2007) |url=http://www.foodterms.com/encyclopedia/flour/index.html |access-date=2014-07-05}}</ref> Owing to this wide variety of uses, it is sometimes labeled and marketed as "all-purpose flour", though it is different from [[all-purpose flour]].

==Production==

{{lang|hi-Latn|Maida}} is made from the [[endosperm]]: the starchy white part of the [[grain]]. The bran is separated from the [[Cereal germ|germ]] and endosperm which is then refined by passing through a sieve of 80 mesh per inch (31 mesh per centimeter).<ref name="Simplified method and apparatus for producing white flour from wheat grain">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US5114079|title=Patent US5114079 - Simplified method and apparatus for producing white flour from wheat grain}}</ref> Although naturally yellowish due to pigments present in wheat, {{lang|hi-Latn|maida}} is typically bleached, either naturally due to atmospheric oxygen, or with any of a number of [[flour bleaching agent]]s.<ref name="Bleaching of wheat flour and like milled products">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/patents/US2433611?dq=white+flour+bleaching&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ouU8VbOrA8G4uATWp4DgCQ&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCA|title=Patent US2433611 - Bleaching of wheat flour and like milled products}}</ref>

While it is milled from winter wheat that has a high gluten content, heat generated during the milling process results in [[Denaturation (biochemistry)|denaturing]] of the protein, limiting its use in the preparation of leavened breads.<ref name="Atta milling process">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US6098905?dq=flour+milling+process+maida&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_Nw8VZfrC8jjuQS27oDwCQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA|title=Patent US6098905 - Method for producing an atta flour}}</ref>

==Controversy==
A common misconception is that {{lang|hi-Latn|maida}} contains [[alloxan]], which itself is banned in developed countries for usage in food, added as a bleaching agent or formed as a byproduct of bleaching.<ref name ="Why this Kolaveri against Kerala porotta?">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/Why-this-Kolaveri-against-Kerala-porotta/articleshow/20521904.cms|title=Why this Kolaveri against Kerala porotta?|work=The Times of India}}</ref> While it is a minor product of [[xanthophyll]] oxidation, there is no evidence that trace amounts of alloxan formed comprise a health risk.<ref>{{Citation
|last=Schwarcz
|first=Joe
|year=2003
|title=Alloxan
|publisher=Office of Science and Society
|location=Department of Chemistry McGill University
|page=1
|url=http://oss.mcgill.ca/everyday/alloxan.pdf
|access-date=September 10, 2011
|url-status=bot: unknown
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915221859/http://oss.mcgill.ca/everyday/alloxan.pdf
|archive-date=September 15, 2011
}}</ref>

==Applications==
{{lang|hi-Latn|Maida}} is used extensively in [[Central Asian cuisine]] and [[cuisine from the Indian subcontinent]]. Flatbreads such as [[naan]] and tandoori [[roti]] are made using {{lang|hi-Latn|maida}}. [[Bhatoora]] is a fluffy, deep-fried, leavened bread made with {{lang|hi-Latn|maida}} and yogurt.

==See also==
*[[Atta flour|Atta]]
*[[Graham bread]]
*[[Semolina]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Flour]]
[[Category:South Asian cuisine]]''''''
[[Category:Pakistani cuisine]]

Maida flour - Revision history

imported>Ivangeta at 06:41, 24 May 2021