76.216.7.10 at 15:46, 20 October 2020

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'''Makara''' is a month in the [[Hindu calendar|Indian solar calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p682"/><ref name=sewell5>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/5 5]–11, 23–29}}</ref> It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of [[Capricorn (constellation)|Capricorn]], and overlaps with about the later half of January and approximately early half of February in the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p682"/>

In Vedic texts, the Makara month is called '''Sahasya''' (IAST: Sahasya), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations.<ref name="Dershowitz2008p123">{{cite book|author1=Nachum Dershowitz|author2=Edward M. Reingold|title=Calendrical Calculations|title-link= Calendrical Calculations |year= 2008|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-88540-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/calendricalcalcu00ders/page/n155 123]–128}}</ref> The solar month of Makara overlaps with its lunar month [[Magha (month)|Magha]], in Hindu lunisolar calendars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher John Fuller|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC|year=2004|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-69112-04-85|pages=291–293}}</ref><ref name=sewell10/> The Makara marks the month with lengthening day lengths on the Indian subcontinent. It is preceded by the solar month of [[Dhanu (month)|Dhanu]], and followed by the solar month of [[Kumbha (month)|Kumbha]].<ref name=sewell5/> The start of this month is almost always January 14, the day of the [[Makara Sankranti]] festival, and periodically the [[Kumbh Mela]].<ref>{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, N-Z (Vol 1 & 2)|year=2002|publisher=[[The Rosen Publishing Group]]|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/n368 411]|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch|url-access=registration}}</ref>

The Makara month is called ''Tai'' in the Tamil Hindu calendar.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p682">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, N-Z (Vol 1 & 2)|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/682 682–683]|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/682}}</ref> The ancient and medieval era Sanskrit texts of India vary in their calculations about the duration of Makara, just like they do with other months. For example, the ''Surya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of Vrschika to be 29 days, 10 hours, 45 minutes and 12 seconds.<ref name=sewell10/> In contrast, the ''Arya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of the Vrschika month to be 29 days, 10 hours, 57 minutes and 35 seconds.<ref name=sewell10>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/10 10]–11}}</ref>

Makara (crocodile or half animal-half fish being) is also an astrological sign in Indian horoscope systems, corresponding to [[Capricorn (astrology)]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Bangalore V. Raman|title=Studies in Jaimini Astrology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC |year=2003|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-1397-7|pages=10–19}}</ref>

Makara is also the fourth month in the [[Darian calendar]] for [[Mars]], when the [[Sun]] the Sun traverses the eastern sector of the constellation Capricornus as seen from Mars.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu calendar}}
{{Nepali calendar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Makara}}
[[Category:Hindu solar months]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

Makara month - Revision history

76.216.7.10 at 15:46, 20 October 2020