->Davidson william at 23:35, 15 September 2021

2021-09-15T23:35:52Z

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{{short description|Pejorative term for Bengali Hindus}}
{{italic title}}
'''''Malaun''''' ({{lang-bn|মালাউন}}) is a pejorative term for [[Bengali Hindus]], most commonly used in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="roy18">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Tathagata |title=My People, Uprooted |year=2002 |publisher=Ratna Prakashan |location=Kolkata |isbn=81-85709-67-X |page=18}}</ref><ref name="uscirf12042008">{{cite web |url=http://www.uscirf.gov/component/content/article/290/2318.html |title=Bangladesh: The Upcoming National Elections, Pluralism, Tolerance and the Plight of Hindu and Non-Muslim Minority - Need a New Direction |last=Dastidar |first=Sachi |date=12 April 2008 |work=Bangladesh: Religious Freedom, Extremism, Security, and the Upcoming National Elections |publisher=United States Commission on International Religious Freedom |access-date=13 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828234152/http://uscirf.gov/component/content/article/290/2318.html |archive-date=28 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hrcbm.org/news/HRCBM_UA_091202.pdf |title=Minorities Fear for Life and Security |date=12 September 2002 |publisher=HRCBM |access-date=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="dna04032015">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-the-unholy-killings-of-avijit-roy-and-govind-pansare-2065974 |title=The unholy killings of Avijit Roy and Govind Pansare |last=Chatterjee |first=Garga |date=4 March 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref> The word is derived from the Arabic "ملعون", meaning "accursed" or "deprived of God's Mercy", and in modern times, it is used as an [[ethnic slur]] by the [[Muslims]] in [[Bengal region]] for Hindus.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Torture of Tasneem Khalil: How the Bangladesh Military Abuses Its Power Under the State of Emergency |last1=Watch |first1=Human Rights |last2=Ganguly |first2=Meenakshi |last3=Alffram |first3=Henrik |year=2008 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |page=28 |access-date=30 May 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFS95bbQR7wC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |author=House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee |date=25 March 2005 |title=Human Rights Annual Report 2004: Fourth Report of Session 2004-05 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmfaff/109/109.pdf |publisher=House of Commons, United Kingdom |page=88 |access-date=31 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="tdj02012014">{{cite news |url=http://www.jugantor.com/window/2014/01/02/55251 |script-title=bn:সংখ্যালঘুরা কাকে ভোট দেবে? |last=Roy |first=Palash Kumar |date=2 January 2014 |work=The Daily Jugantor |language=bn |access-date=7 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
{{Persecution of Bengali Hindus}}
The Arabic word "ملعون" (mal'un), literally meaning 'cursed' is derived from the root "لعنة" (la'nat) meaning "curse". In [[Islamic]] parlance, it means 'deprived of Allah's mercy'. The word has been loaned into languages of non-Arabic Islamic countries like Malay and Indonesian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sealang.net/lwim/search.pl?dict=lwim&ignoreDiacritic=1&orth=malun |title=Loanwords in Indonesian and Malay |publisher=SEAlang Library |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stevens |first1=Alan M. |last2=Tellings |first2=A. Ed Schmidgall |title=A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVo2ZDYbL6gC |access-date=7 February 2015 |year=2004 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-1584-9 |page=610}}</ref> The dictionary published by the [[Bangla Academy]] gives the meaning of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] word "মালাউন" as someone cursed or deprived of Allah's mercy or forcefully evicted or a Kafir.<ref name="ao06112016">{{cite news |url=http://amaderorthoneeti.net/new/2016/11/06/39427/ |script-title=bn:মন্ত্রীর মালাউন গালি ও বাংলা একডেমির অর্থ |last=Barua |first=Anirban |date=6 November 2016 |work=Amader Orthoneeti |language=bn |access-date=6 November 2016}}</ref> It mentions that the word is used as a slur by the Muslims against the non-Muslims.<ref name="ao06112016"/> In Bangladesh, the word is more specifically used to refer to the Hindu religious minority. In colloquial usage, the word is sometimes shortened to ''Malu''.

== Usage ==
[[Nirmal Kumar Bose]] noted the usage of the term as early as 1946 in [[Noakhali genocide|Noakhali]].<ref name="nkb259">{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Nirmal Kumar |author-link=Nirmal Kumar Bose |title=My Daya With Gandhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSZCoC8U24cC |access-date=14 September 2013 |year=1999 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1726-4 |page=259}}</ref> During the [[1971 Bangladesh Genocide]], the Pakistani officers addressed [[Govinda Chandra Dev|Dr. Govinda Chandra Dev]] as malaun before executing him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gunijan.org.bd/GjProfDetails_action.php?GjProfId=179 |script-title=bn:গোবিন্দচন্দ্র দেব |trans-title=Gobinda Chandra Deb |last=Sajeeb |first=Mohammad Qutub Uddin |website=[[Gunijan|Gunijan Trust]] |language=bn |access-date=31 May 2012}}</ref> According to eyewitness, [[AKM Yusuf]] had addressed a gathering of [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee|Peace Committee]] at Rampal in Khulna district on 19 April. At the gathering he addressed the Hindus as malauns and the Hindu women as spoils of war and exhorted the audience to kill them and loot their women.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/12/01/yusuf-ordered-killing-of-hindus-witness |title=Yusuf ordered killing of Hindus: witness |date=1 December 2013 |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref> [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]], while serving as the President, had referred to the Hindus as malaun at a rally in [[Chhatak]]. He apologized for his remark after protests from the Hindus.<ref name="bdpress.net10012015">{{cite news |url=http://bdpress.net/home/index.php?page=description&news=1420903836 |script-title=bn:সিলেটে হিন্দু মহাজোটের মানববন্ধন |date=10 January 2015 |work=bdpress.net |language=bn |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>

In December 2013, Ganajagaran Mancha presented a deputation to the [[Home Ministry (Bangladesh)|Home Ministry]] complaining about police torture. The deputation alleged that on 19 December 2013 the police abused a Hindu woman activist as malaun because she had put sindur.<ref name="kk22122013">{{cite news |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2013/12/22/33498 |script-title=bn:'মনে হয়েছিল এরা যেনো পাকিস্তান থেকে আমদানীকৃত পাকিস্তানী পুলিশ' |last=Farooq |first=Omar |date=22 December 2013 |work=Kaler Kantho |language=bn |access-date=8 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> In December 2014, Nasiruddin Pintu, a convicted BNP politician, abused a Bengali Hindu police officer by calling him a malaun when he attempted to stop his lawyers and supporters from meeting Pintu illegally. Pintu threatened the officer with loss of job and called him son of a pig.<ref name="bdnews18122014">{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2014/12/18/bnps-pintu-hurls-ethnic-slur-malaun-at-a-policeman |title=BNP’s Pintu hurls ethnic slur ‘Malaun’ at a policeman |date=18 December 2014 |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=4 February 2015}}</ref> In January 2015, [[Awami League]] workers Shahnawaz abused fellow Awami League worker Sushanta Dasgupta at a party function in London.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sylhetview24.com/news/details/Abroad_Life/20862 |script-title=bn:‘মালাউন’ গালি আনোয়ারুজ্জামানের, বিজয় অনুষ্ঠানে হাতাহাতি |date=7 January 2015 |work=sylhetview24.com |language=bn |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>

In the Internet, a [[Jamaat-e-Islami]] run handle named Basher Kella has given the call for killing all the malauns and turning Bangladesh into a country where only the Muslims will live.<ref name="atimes28032013">{{cite news |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-280313.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328224416/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-280313.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=28 March 2013 |title=Anti-Hindu attacks rock Bangladesh |last=Roy |first=Swadesh |date=28 March 2013 |work=Asia Times |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bangladeshlivenews.com/bnews/5/turningbangladeshbanglastan |title=Turning Bangladesh in to Banglastan |work=bangladeshlivenews.com |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="tds07032013">{{cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/banglastan/ |title=Banglastan! |date=7 March 2013 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=7 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref>

== See also ==
; Other pejorative terms for Hindus
* [[Kafir]]
* [[Keling]]

; Persecution of Hindus and Buddhists in Bangladesh
* [[1962 Rajshahi massacres]]
* [[1964 East-Pakistan riots]]
* [[1971 Bangladesh genocide]]
** [[Operation Searchlight]]
** [[Chuknagar massacre]]
** [[Jathibhanga massacre]]
** [[Shankharipara massacre]]
** [[Razakar (Pakistan)|Razakar]]
* [[1989 Bangladesh pogroms]]
* [[1990 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence]]
* [[1992 Bangladesh violence]]
* [[2012 Chirirbandar violence]]
* [[2012 Fatehpur violence]]
* [[2012 Hathazari violence]]
* [[2012 Ramu violence]]
* [[2013 Bangladesh Anti-Hindu violence]]
* [[2014 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence]]
* [[2016 Nasirnagar Violence]]
* [[Noakhali riots]]
* [[Persecution of indigenous peoples in Bangladesh]]
* [[Persecution of Hindus#Bangladesh|Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh]]
* [[Persecution of Buddhists#Bangladesh|Persecution of Buddhists in Bangladesh]]
* [[Chakma people#After independence|Persecution of Chakma buddhists]]

; Persecution of other non-Muslims in Bangladesh
* [[Persecution of Ahmadis in Bangladesh]]
* [[Persecution of Christians in Bangladesh]]
* [[Attacks on secularists in Bangladesh|Persecution of atheists and secularists in Bangladesh]]
* [[Freedom of religion in Bangladesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Religious slurs}}

[[Category:Ethnic and religious slurs]]
[[Category:Anti–South Asian slurs]]
[[Category:Anti-Hindu sentiment]]
[[Category:Persecution of Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Hate speech]]
[[Category:Curses]]
[[Category:Islamism in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Racism in Bangladesh]]

Malaun - Revision history

->Davidson william at 23:35, 15 September 2021