Aspjack at 16:20, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T16:20:26Z

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{{Short description|Indian Sufi saint and warrior}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Syed Ibrahim Malik Baya
| caption = Mausoleum of Malik Ibrahim Bayu in [[Bihar Sharif]]
| image = Tomb of Ibrahim Baya 22.jpg
| occupation = Military general, Governor, Sufi Saint
| birth_place = [[Ghazni]], Afghanistan
| death_place = [[Rohtasgarh]], Rohtas District, Bihar
| death_date = 20 January 1353 CE (13th Dul Hajj 753 AH)
| house-type = Clan
| house = [[Malik clan (Bihar)|Malik]]
}}
'''Syed Ibrahim Malik Baya '''also known as '''Malik Ibrahim Bayu''' was a [[Sufi]] saint of [[Suhrawardiyya|Suhrawardiyya order]] and a warrior who arrived in South Bihar, India, in the 14th century and defeated the tribal Kol chiefdoms, who had been oppressing the local Muslims. He was a contemporary of [[Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri]] and [[Muzaffar Balkhi|Muzaffar Shams Balkhi]].'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Syed Amjad |title=Malik Ibrahim Baya: A Revered Figure in Bihar's History and Sufi Tradition |url=https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-personalities/syed-amjad-hussain-new-age-islam/malik-ibrahim-baya-revered-figure-bihar-s-history-sufi-tradition/d/132783 |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=New Age Islam}}</ref> '''

Syed Ibrahim Mallick Baya (d. 1353 CE), a prominent 14th-century Sufi saint and governor of Bihar under the [[Tughlaq dynasty]], is recognized as a [[Sayyid]], descending from the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] through [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]], [[Fatima|Fatima al-Zahra]], and their sons [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]]. Historical sources confirm that Ibrahim was a seventh-generation descendant of Abdul Qadir Gilani (d. 1166 CE), a renowned Sayyid and founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order, whose lineage traces back to Muhammad via both Hasan (paternally) and Husayn (maternally). According to ''Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar'' by Muhammad Hifz-ur-Rahman (2021) and ''The Sultan of the Saints'' by Muhammad Riyaz Qadiri (2000), Gilani's father, Abu Salih Musa, descended from Hasan ibn Ali, while his mother, Umm al-Khair Fatima, descended from Husayn ibn Ali through Imam Zayn al-Abidin and up to 9th Shia Imam, linking directly to Ali and Fatima.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hifz-ur-Rahman |first=Muhammad |title=Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar |year=2021 |publisher=Islamic Research Academy, Patna |isbn=978-81-939320-4-9 |page=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadiri |first=Muhammad Riyaz |title=The Sultan of the Saints: Mystical Life and Teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani |year=2000 |publisher=Abbasi Publications |location=Gujranwala |isbn=969-851016-8 |page=23}}</ref> This dual lineage establishes Ibrahim as a "najeeb-ut-tarafain" Sayyid, a status widely accepted among the Malik Baya community or Malik clan in Bihar, as corroborated by ''Sharfa Ki Nagari'' by Qayamuddin Nizami (1995), which details his role as a Sayyid leader in Bihar Sharif.<ref name="nizamisyed">{{Cite book |last=Nizami |first=Syed Qayamuddin |title=Sharfa Ki Nagari |year=1995 |publisher=Darul Isha’at, Patna |isbn=978-81-86012-07-8 |page=78}}</ref>

He defeated Raja Birthal in a war.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IBRAHIM BAYA MAQBARA|url=https://bt-stage.argildx.com/en/destinations/nalanda/ibrahim-baya-maqbara|access-date=2020-11-25|website=bt-stage.argildx.com|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027151710/https://bt-stage.argildx.com/en/destinations/nalanda/ibrahim-baya-maqbara}}</ref> Malik Ibrahim Baya's tomb is protected under [[Archaeological Survey of India]] and is a tourism spot in [[Bihar Sharif|Bihar Sharif Nalanda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments – Bihar « Archaeological Survey of India|url=https://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-bihar/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=asi.nic.in}}</ref>

==Descendants==
Ibrahim Malik Baya's descendants form the Malik Baya community or Malik clan, a small Sayyid Muslim group primarily concentrated in the districts of Nalanda (Bihar Sharif), Arwal, Patna, Jahanabad, Nawada, Sheikhpura, and Jamui in Bihar, India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hifz-ur-Rahman |first=Muhammad |title=Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar |year=2021 |publisher=Islamic Research Academy, Patna |isbn=978-81-939320-4-9 |pages=45–48}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nizami |first=Syed Qayamuddin |title=Sharfa Ki Nagari |year=1995 |publisher=Darul Isha’at, Patna |isbn=978-81-86012-07-8 |pages=120–125}}</ref> Recognized as Ashraf (high-status Muslims) by the Bihar Minority Commission, the community maintains its pure Sayyid identity through descent from Ibrahim Malik, a seventh-generation descendant of Abdul Qadir Gilani, whose lineage traces to Muhammad through Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadiri |first=Muhammad Riyaz |title=The Sultan of the Saints |year=2000 |publisher=Abbasi Publications |isbn=969-851016-8 |page=23}}</ref> The community's veneration of Ibrahim's tomb at Peer Pahadi, a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India, and annual Urs celebrations affirm their Sayyid heritage.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}} Post-1947 partition, many descendants migrated to Pakistan and Bangladesh, where they are known as "Bihari Sayyids."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mallicks of Bihar |url=https://www.carelick.org/Mallicks |access-date=2025-09-21}}</ref>

==Lineages==
Ibrahim Mallick Baya (d. 1353 CE), a 14th-century Sufi saint, warrior, and governor of Bihar under the Tughlaq dynasty, is recognized as a Sayyid, descending from Muhammad through Ali ibn Abi Talib, Fatima al-Zahra, and their sons Hasan and Husayn. His lineage traces to Abdul Qadir Gilani (d. 1166 CE), a seventh-generation descendant of Muhammad, whose paternal line descends from Hasan ibn Ali and maternal line from Husayn ibn Ali via Zayn al-Abidin and up to 9th Shia Imam. This dual descent, known as "najeeb-ut-tarafain" (noble on both sides), is documented in Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar by Dr. Muhammad Hifz-ur-Rahman (2021, ISBN 978-81-939320-4-9) and The Sultan of the Saints by Muhammad Riyaz Qadiri (2000, ISBN 969–851016–8).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hifz-ur-Rahman |first=Muhammad |title=Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar |year=2021 |publisher=Islamic Research Academy, Patna |isbn=978-81-939320-4-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadiri |first=Muhammad Riyaz |title=The Sultan of the Saints |year=2000 |publisher=Abbasi Publications |isbn=969-851016-8}}</ref> The Malik Baya community or Malik clan, concentrated in Bihar Sharif, Nalanda, Patna, and other Bihar districts, inherits this Sayyid status, as affirmed by the Bihar Minority Commission report, which identifies them as a "small Sayyid Muslim community" with Ashraf (high-status) standing.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}
The veneration of Ibrahim's tomb at Peer Pahadi, a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India, further underscores his prophetic lineage, as such reverence is typically reserved for Sayyids.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}
Ibrahim's descent is further detailed in ''Sharfa Ki Nagari'' by Qayamuddin Nizami (1995), which traces his ancestry through Abdul Qadir Gilani to Muhammad via Ali and Fatima, with specific connections to Hasan (paternally) and Husayn (maternally through Zayn al-Abidin).<ref name="nizamisyed" /> Community records, such as ''Reyazul Nayeem'' by Muhammad Nayeem, corroborate this lineage, noting that Ibrahim, born in Ghazni, carried the Sayyid title due to his direct descent from Muhammad's family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mallicks of Bihar |url=https://www.carelick.org/Mallicks |access-date=2025-09-05}}</ref> The absence of significant disputes in academic or regional sources, combined with the community's historical prominence as zamindars and their production of figures like Mohammad Younus (Bihar's first Chief Minister, 1937), reinforces their Sayyid status.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Ashok |last2=Ansari |first2=Khalid Anis |title=The curious case of the inclusion of Mallicks in Bihar Backward Classes list |url=https://twocircles.net/2011jun05/curious_case_inclusion_mallicks_bihar_backward_classes_list.html |access-date=2025-09-05}}</ref>

==History==
Malik Baya belonged to [[Suhrawardiyya]] order. He came to India during the reign of the sultan [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]] and became commander-in-chief in 1324.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

When Malik Baya told Muhammad bin Tughlaq of his first victory over Bihar, the sultan replied: ''malik biya benasheen'' (lit. O chief come and sit down).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hanif|first=N.|url={{GBurl|O3GXOqPa67MC|p=160}}|title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia|date=2000|publisher=Sarup & Sons | page=160 |isbn=978-81-7625-087-0}}</ref>

The sultan sent his general, Ibrahim Malik, to punish Raja Bithal. After a fierce battle, the Raja was killed and his army was defeated. After this conquest of Bihar the sultan have Malik Baya the title of "''Madarul Mulk''" means Malik or Saif-o-Daulat (Administrator or King of Sword and Wealth).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/syedmallicks/history|title = HISTORY - Syed Mallicks}}</ref>

Malik Baya was also Governor of [[Bihar]] and general from 1351 to 1353, during the reign of Sultan [[Firoz Shah Tughlaq]].{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}

== Death ==
Malik Baya died on Sunday, 13th Dul Hajj 753 AH (20 January 1353 AD). He was buried on Peer Pahadi, [[Bihar Sharif]].<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Askari |first=Syed Hasan |url={{GBurl|65YeAAAAMAAJ|p=7}} |title=Aspects of the Cultural History of Medieval Bihar |date=1984 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayswal Research Institute |pages=7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hifz-ur-Rahman |first=Muhammad |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/tazkira-e-sufiya-e-bihar-mohammad-hifzurrahman-ebooks |title=Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar |publisher=Educational Publishing House |year=2021 |location=Delhi |language=ur}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Nagendra Kumar |title=SUFIS OF INDIA PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH |url={{GBurl|kTYlAQAAIAAJ|p=256}} |volume=1 |page=256}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tamizi |first=Mohammad Yahya |title=Sufi movements in eastern India |url={{GBurl|pzcbAAAAIAAJ|p=199}} |page=199}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N |title=BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCYCOPEDIA OF SUFIS SOUTH ASIA |url={{GBurl|O3GXOqPa67MC|p=160}} |isbn=81-7625-087-2 |page=160}}

==External links==
*[https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/en/destinations/nalanda/ibrahim-baya-maqbara Ibrahim Baya Maqbara] - Bihar Tourism

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayu Malik Ibrahim}}
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
[[Category:Afghan people of Arab descent]]
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]
[[Category:People from the Delhi Sultanate]]
[[Category:1353 deaths]]
[[Category:Assassinated people of the medieval Islamic world]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:People from Bihar Sharif]]
[[Category:People assassinated in the 14th century]]

Malik Ibrahim Bayu - Revision history

Aspjack at 16:20, 29 March 2026