2405:201:600F:B047:D526:DDC7:C199:33B2 at 21:01, 21 August 2021

2021-08-21T21:01:18Z

New page

{{moresources|date=April 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
The '''Malkana''' are a [[Muslim]] community found in the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name="Sajjad2014">{{cite book|author=Mohammad Sajjad|title=Muslim Politics in Bihar: Changing Contours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qiRHBAAAQBAJ|date=13 August 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-55981-8|pages=64–68}}</ref>

==History and origin==
In [[Agra District]], the Malkana claimed descent from a number of Hindu [[castes]]. Those of [[Kiraoli]], where they occupy five villages, claim descent from a [[Jat]]. Other Malkana families in the district claim descent from [[Parmar|Panwar]], [[Chauhan]], [[Parihar]] and [[Sikarwar]] Rajputs. Other Malkanas are [[Agarwal]]s.<ref name="SikandKatju1994">{{cite journal |last1=Sikand |first1=Yoginder |last2=Katju |first2=Manjari |title=Mass Conversions to Hinduism among Indian Muslims |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=20 August 1994 |volume=29 |issue=34 |pages=2216 |language=English}}</ref>

In [[Hathras District]], they were found mainly near the town of [[Sadabad (India)|Sadabad]].

In Bihar, the Malkana are mainly concentrated in the erstwhile [[Shahabad district]].<ref name="Sajjad2014" /> In 1923, there were a recorded 1300 Malkanas in Shahabad alone. Because of being plundered by foreign invaders, they were forced to converted and became Muslims, but even though, many of them being connected to the Hindu tradition and culture tried to reconvert through the Swami Sharadhananda's [[Shuddhi (Hinduism)|Shuddhi]] movement which aimed at reconverting them to Hinduism, and but this which led to be targeted by Fundamentalist Abdul Rashid, who shot him death in Delhi<ref>{{cite news|title=Swami Shraddhanand, who fell to bullets in December 1926|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-who-was-swami-shraddhanand-who-fell-to-bullets-in-december-1926-6188039/lite/}}</ref><ref name="Sajjad2014" /> Many Muslim leaders attempted to counter this leading to religious tensions in Shahabad, Gaya and Munger.<ref name="Sajjad2014" />

At the turn of the 20th century, the Malkana were a community that was on the religious faultline, as there customs were a mixture of Hindu and Muslim traditions. They kept Hindu names, used the salutation Ram Ram, and were endogamous. But the community buried their dead, practised circumcision, and visited mosques on special occasions. This eclectic nature of the community led to attempts by both Hindu and Muslim revivalist to target them. {{cn|date=April 2017}}

This has led to splits in the community, with many members of the community converted to Hinduism in the early part of the 20th century, during the course of the [[Shuddhi (Hinduism)|shuddhi]] movement. The shuddhi campaign among the Malkanas, was launched in early 1923 and led by the [[Arya Samaj]] under [[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]]. This re-conversion campaign reached its peak by the end of 1927, by which time some 1,63,000 Malkana Muslims are said to have been brought into the Hindu fold.<ref>''Hindu-Muslim Relations in British India: a study of Controversy, Conflict and Communal Movements in Northern India 1923 to 1928'', by Gene R. Thursby.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ranghar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Rajput clans]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Bihar]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh]]

Malkana - Revision history

2405:201:600F:B047:D526:DDC7:C199:33B2 at 21:01, 21 August 2021