2405:201:D007:A845:4D25:A6DC:A03B:3F19 at 07:53, 17 July 2021

2021-07-17T07:53:04Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Malkangiri}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Malkangiri district
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline = Bonda family basking near fire in Mudulipada, Odisha, India.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A [[Bonda people|Bonda]] family basking near a fire in Mudulipada
| image_map = India Odisha Malkangiri district.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|18.25|N|82.13|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Malkangiri]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[District Collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = Manish Agarwal, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name1 = Rishikesh Dnyandeo Khilari, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5791
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 195
| population_total = 613,192
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 83
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other Local Language
| demographics1_info2 = [[Koya language|Koya]], [[Kuvi language|Kuvi]], [[Gutob language|Gutob]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 764 xxx
| registration_plate = OD-30
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1.004 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 49.49%<ref>http://ordistricts.nic.in/district_profile/dist_glance.php</ref>
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Nabarangpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nabarangpur(ST)]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = 2 {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|146-[[Malkangiri (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malkangiri(ST)]] 147-[[Chitrakonda (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chitrakonda(ST)]]}}
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1700|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|47|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|13|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|https://malkangiri.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
{{State of Odisha}}
'''Malkangiri district''' is the southwesternmost district in the [[India]]n state of [[Odisha]]. It has two [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan sabha]] constituencies and has more than 600,000 population. It is a tribal-dominated district.

== Etymology ==
One etymology of Malkangiri is that of Mallikeshwar, who was worshipped by ancient kings of the area, after whom they named their kingdom: Mallika Nagari. This eventually shortened to Malkangiri. The district was formerly known as Malikamardhangiri, named for Malikamardhana, the name of a king of Jeypore. He took the title after defeating a general of the Golconda Sultanate named Malik Mohammad. He also constructed a fort named Malikamardhanghada: for which the entire area was named.

== History ==
Local legend claims Valmiki wrote the Ramayana on the banks of the Tamasa river. The region was known as ''Malyavantagiri'' in the Ramayana, and it was believed ''Sitakunda'' was the bathing-place of Sita, near Mudulipada. Local legend claims the Pandavas spent a year in exile in the dense forests of Malkangiri. Kanamraju, Balaraju and Poturaju are the three famous Lords of this area, who are being worshiped by the people. On every alternative year, Badayatra, the festival of these Lords is celebrated throughout the district.

Prior to 1936, Malkangiri was a part of Koraput district of the Madras Presidency. In 1936, Koraput District was merged into Odisha and Malkangiri Tahasil was included in Koraput District. This Tahasil was a part of Nawarangpur sub-division of Koraput District. On 1 January 1962, Malkangiri subdivision was carved out. In 1958, refugees from East Pakistan were settled in the area in the [[Dandakaranya Project]]. This project continued for 30 years until it was declared closed in the year 1988.

Finally on 2 October 1992, Malkangiri was carved out of Koraput District. Today, the district has become known as a hotbed for Maoist activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} District Malkangiri, Government Of Odisha {{!}} India|url=https://malkangiri.nic.in/history/|access-date=2020-08-30|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Administrative setup ==
There are 07 Blocks and 07 Tahasils under one Sub-Division in Malkangiri district are listed in the following table.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! '''07 Blocks''' !! '''07 Tahasils'''
|-
| 1 || [[Malkangiri]] || [[Malkangiri]]
|-
| 2 || [[Mathili]] || [[Mathili]]
|-
| 3 || Khairput || Khairput
|-
| 4 || [[Chitrakonda]] || [[Chitrakonda]]
|-
| 5 || Korukonda || Kudumulgumma
|-
| 6 || Kalimela || Kalimela
|-
| 7 || Podia || Motu
|}

There are 12 Police Stations under two Police Sub-Divisions in Malkangiri district are listed in the following table.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! [[Malkangiri|Malkangiri Police Sub-Division]] !![[Chitrakonda|Chitrakonda Police Sub-Division]]
|-
| 1 || [[Malkangiri|Malkangiri P.S.]] || [[Chitrakonda|Chitrakonda P.S.]]
|-
| 2 || [[Mathili|Mathili P.S.]] || Mudulipada P.S.
|-
| 3 || Podia|Podia P.S. || Orkel P.S.
|-
| 4 || Kalimela P.S. || Jodamba P.S.
|-
| 5 || M.V. 79 P.S. || Papermetla P.S.
|-
| 6 || Motu P.S. ||
|-
| 7 || Energy P.S., Malkangiri ||
|}

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Malkangiri one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 19 districts in [[Odisha]] currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Demographics==

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Malkangiri district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 613,192,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Solomon Islands]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Solomon Islands 571,890 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Vermont 625,741
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028064539/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2011-10-28
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 523rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert| 106 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.53%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Malkangiri has a [[sex ratio]] of 1016 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 49.49%.<ref name=districtcensus/> 22.6% and 57.8% of the population are made up of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively.

The largest tribes are the [[Koya (tribe)|Koya]] and Bhumia. Other major tribes include the Porja, Khond and Gadaba.

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 37.77% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]], 23.40% [[Koya language|Koya]], 21.48% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 4.18% [[Desiya language|Desia]], 2.97% [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 2.59% [[Kuvi language|Kuvi]] and 1.36% [[Halbi language|Halbi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> There are several other languages spoken in the district including [[Bonda language|Bonda]] and [[Gtaʼ language|Gta']].

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=58,275|13=1911|14=70,059|15=1921|16=67,874|17=1931|18=80,047|19=1941|20=94,894|21=1951|22=1,06,637|23=1961|24=1,41,955|25=1971|26=2,68,865|27=1981|28=3,35,169|29=1991|30=4,22,326|31=2001|32=5,04,198|33=2011|34=6,13,192|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Malkangiri district in 2011 census
| label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| value1 = 37.77
| color1 = Gold
| label2 = [[Koya language|Koya]]
| value2 = 23.40
| color2 = darkblue
| label3 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| value3 = 21.48
| color3 = orangered
| label4 = [[Desiya language|Desia]]
| value4 = 4.18
| color4 = darkkhaki
| label5 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| value5 = 2.97
| color5 = Maroon
| label6 = [[Kuvi language|Kuvi]]
| value6 = 2.59
| color6 = lightblue
| label7 = [[Halbi language|Halbi]]
| value7 = 1.36
| color7 = purple
| label8 = Others
| value8 = 6.25
| color8 = Grey
}}

==Politics==

===Vidhan sabha constituencies===
{{main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
Malkangiri has 2 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies, electing members to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]:<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |quote=Member Name |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date=2 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha Legislative Assembly|url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/|access-date=2020-07-02|website=odishaassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Constituency
!Reservation
!Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks)
!Member of 14th Assembly
![[Political party|Party]]
|-
!146
|[[Malkangiri (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malkangiri]]
|[[Scheduled Tribe|ST]]
|Malkangiri (NAC), Kalimela, Malkangiri, Podia, Korukunda (part)
| Aditya Madhi
| bgcolor="#FF9933" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
!147
|[[Chitrakonda]]
|ST
|Balimela (NAC), Mathili, Kudumulugumma, Khairaput, Korukonda (part)
|Purna Chandra Baka
|bgcolor="#006400" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://malkangiri.nic.in/}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Malkangiri district
|North = [[Bastar district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northeast = [[Koraput district]]
|East = [[Visakhapatnam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Southeast = [[Visakhapatnam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|South = [[East Godavari district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Southwest = [[East Godavari district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|West = [[Sukma district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northwest = [[Sukma district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
}}

{{Malkangiri district}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Godavari basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Malkangiri district| ]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

Malkangiri district - Revision history

2405:201:D007:A845:4D25:A6DC:A03B:3F19 at 07:53, 17 July 2021