117.215.90.156 at 17:05, 16 August 2021

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{{Short description|Indian singer}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2009}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Mallikarjun Mansur
|native_name =
ಮಲ್ಲಿಕಾರ್ಜುನ ಮನ್ಸೂರ
|background = solo_singer
| image = Mallikarjun Mansur 2014 stamp of India.jpg
| caption =Mansur on a 2014 stamp of India
|birth_name = Mallikarjun Bheemrayappa Mansur
|alias = Mallikarjun Manasoor
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1910|12|31}}
|birth_place = [[Mansur, Dharwad|Mansur]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] (in present-day [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]], India)
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1992|9|12|1911|1|1}}
|death_place = [[Dharwad]], Karnataka, India
|genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
|occupation = Vocalist
|years_active = 1928(?) – 1992
|label = HMV, Music Today, Inreco
}}
'''Mallikarjun Mansur''' (31 December 1910 – 12 September 1992) was an [[Hindustani classical music|Indian classical]] singer from [[Karnataka]], an excellent vocalist in the [[khyal]] style in the [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana]] (singing style).<ref>{{cite web |title=Mallikarjun Mansur Biography |url=http://underscorerecords.com/artistes/detail/82/Mallikarjun_Mansur |publisher=Underscore records |access-date=12 July 2013}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Mallikarjun was born on New Year's Eve of 1910, at Mansur, a village five kilometres west of [[Dharwad]], Karnataka.<ref name=dh>{{cite web |title=Mallikarjun Mansur Biography |url=http://www.dharwad.nic.in/mansoor.htm |publisher=[[Dharwad district]] official website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702022437/http://www.dharwad.nic.in/mansoor.htm |archive-date=2 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/15/stories/2006091502260100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107225909/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/15/stories/2006091502260100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 November 2012 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Weekend musical feast | date=15 September 2006}}</ref> According to his biography, he was born on an [[Amavasya]] day. His father, Bheemaraayappa, was the village headman,<ref name=dh/> a farmer by occupation and an ardent lover and patron of music. He had four brothers and three sisters. His elder brother Basavaraj owned a theatre troupe, and thus at age nine Mallikarjun did a small role in a play.<ref name=itc>{{Cite web | title = ITC SRA's Tribute a Maestro: Mallikarjun Mansur | url = http://www.itcsra.org/TributeMaestro.aspx?Tributeid=9 | publisher = ITC Sangeet Research Academy | access-date = 12 July 2013 }}</ref>

Spotting the talent in his son, Mallikarjun's father engaged him to a travelling [[Yakshagana]] (Kannada theatre) troupe. The owner of this troupe took a liking to the tender and melodious voice of Mallikarjun and encouraged him to sing different types of compositions during the drama-performances. Hearing one such performance, he was picked up by Appaya Swamy under whom he had his initial training in [[Carnatic music]]. Sometime later, he was introduced to Hindustani music under Nilkanth Bua Alurmath of [[Miraj]] who belonged to the [[Gwalior gharana]]. The latter brought him to [[Alladiya Khan]] (1855–1946), the stalwart and the then patriarch of the [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana]], in the late 1920s, who referred him to his elder son, Manji Khan. Following Manji Khan's untimely death, he came under the tutelage of Manji Khan's younger brother Bhurji Khan. This grooming under Bhurji Khan had the most important influence on his style of singing.<ref name=itc/><ref name="Wade1984"/>

==Career==
[[File:Mallikarjun Mansur.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Mallikarjun Mansur at a concert]]
Mansur was well known for his command over a large number of rare (''aprachalit'') [[raga]]s such as Shuddh Nat, Asa Jogiya, Hem Nat, Lachchhasakh, Khat, Shivmat Bhairav, Kabir Bhairav, Bihari, Sampoorna Malkauns, Lajawanti, Adambari Kedar, Ek Nishad Bihagda and Bahaduri Todi, as well as his constant, mercurial improvisations in both melody and metre without ever losing the emotional content of the song. Initially, his voice and style resembled that of Manji Khan and [[Narayanrao Vyas]], but gradually he developed his own style of rendition.

He also remained music director with [[His Master's Voice]] (HMV) and later music advisor to [[All India Radio]]'s Dharwad station.<ref name="Wade1984">{{cite book|author=Bonnie C. Wade|title=Khyāl: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA166|year=1984|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25659-9|page=166}}</ref>

==Awards==
He received all three national Padma Awards, the [[Padma Shri]] in 1970, [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1976, and [[Padma Vibhushan]], the second highest civilian honour given [[Government of India]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards|publisher=Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=10&award_year=&state=KA&field=3&p_name=&award=All|access-date=8 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007) |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410024701/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref> In 1982, he was awarded the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]], the highest honour conferred by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/fellowslist.htm |title=SNA: List of Sangeet Natak Akademi ''Ratna Puraskar''winners (Akademi Fellows) |publisher=Official website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023617/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/fellowslist.htm |archive-date= 4 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Books==
Mansur wrote an autobiographical book titled ''Nanna Rasayatre'' ({{lang-kn|ನನ್ನ ರಸಯಾತ್ರೆ}}) in [[Kannada]],<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Award-for-Balamuralikrishna/article16344081.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Award for Balamuralikrishna | date=2 January 2009}}</ref> which has been translated into English as a book titled ''My Journey in Music'' by his son, [[Rajshekhar Mansur]].

==Personal life==
Mansur was married to Gangamma. He had seven daughters and a son, [[Rajashekhar Mansur]]. Amongst Mansur's children, Rajashekhar and Neela Kodli are vocalists.<ref name=hin>{{cite news |title=Aching for Gouri... |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/aching-for-gouri/article28447490.ece |work=The Hindu|date= 4 September 2003|access-date=28 May 2013}}</ref>

Mansur recovered from an illness after being in [[coma]] for two weeks in April 1992. On 12 September that year, he died after he developed breathing complications, in Dharwad. He was given a [[state funeral]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mallikarjun Mansur passes away |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7mhlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GpQNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2346%2C680546 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 September 1992 |page=1}}</ref>

==Legacy==
The residence of Mallikarjun Mansur, Mrutyunjaya, today houses a museum in his memory. The museum is managed by Dr. Mallikarjun Mansur National Memorial Trust functioning under the Department of Kannada and Culture, State Government of Karnataka. Every year the Trust organises a National Concert on 12 and 13 September to commemorate his death anniversary, with artists from his legacy performing in the morning at the museum and invited artists performing later in the evening. The Trust annually announces three awards on 31 December to commemorate his birth anniversary.

To mark his birth centenary, a three-day music festival was organised in Dharwad and [[Hubli]] from 1 to 3 January 2011, wherein singers from across India performed and performances were held at the Kariyamma Devi temple premises at his birthplace Mansur village.<ref>{{cite news |title=A musical tribute to Mansur: The event was part of the centenary celebrations of the maestro |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/02/stories/2011010251680200.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629114856/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/02/stories/2011010251680200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |date=2 January 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mansur memory |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/12/31/stories/2010123150400200.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629105145/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/12/31/stories/2010123150400200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |date=31 December 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 May 2013}}</ref> His ancestral home in Mansur was also converted into a memorial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mansur's house to be converted into a memorial: Rs. 1 crore to be spent on the ancestral structure |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/07/stories/2011010750470200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113003114/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/07/stories/2011010750470200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2011 |date=7 January 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 May 2013}}</ref>

In 2013, a five audio CD collection, "Akashvani Sangeet" of his music including rare "[[Vachana sahitya|Vachana]] Gayana" renditions, was released by [[All India Radio]] archives at a ceremony held at Srijana Rangamandir at the [[Karnatak College Dharwar]] campus.<ref>{{cite news |title=All India Radio releases five CDs of recordings of Mallikarjun Mansur |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/all-india-radio-releases-five-cds-of-recordings-of-mallikarjun-mansur/article4545972.ece |work=The Hindu |date= 25 March 2013|access-date=28 May 2013}}</ref>

Indian documentary film director Nandan Kudhyadi made ''Rasayatra'' about the musician in 1994, it won the [[National Film Awards]] for [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Non-Feature Film]], [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Cinematography|Best Non-Feature Film Cinematography]], and [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Editing|Best Non-Feature Film Editing]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rasayatra - The Travelling Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkMRTEPb2eo |publisher=Indian Diplomacy|date=May 31, 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|author=Sadānanda Kanavaḷḷi|title=Mallikarjun Mansur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HqefAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Prasaranga, Karnatak University}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mallikarjun Mansur}}
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p213510|label=Mallikarjun Mansur}}
* [http://www.omenad.net/articles/mansur_view.htm Preserving Aprachalit Ragas] by Rajshekhar Mansur

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mansur, Mallikarjun}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Dharwad district]]
[[Category:Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century male singers]]
[[Category:Jaipur gharana]]
[[Category:20th-century Khyal singers]]

Mallikarjun Mansur - Revision history

117.215.90.156 at 17:05, 16 August 2021