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{{Short description|Subdivision of the Mughal Empire between 1568–1737}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox former country
| native_name = Malwa Subah
| conventional_long_name = Malwa Province
| common_name = Malwa
| area_label = 1601
| area_sq_mi = 114940<ref>{{Cite book |last=Habib |first=Irfan |url= |title=An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detained Notes, Bibliography and Index |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-560379-8 |language=en|chapter=Table I: Area and ''ʽJama'' of the Mughal Empire, c. 1601|author-link=Irfan Habib|pp=xii–xiii}}</ref>
| title_leader = Subahdar
| leader1 = [[Adham Khan|Adham Khan Koka]] (first)
| year_leader1 = 1561
| capital = [[Ujjain]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.177|75.786|display=title,inline}}
| today = [[India]]
| year_start = 1568
| year_end = 1737
| event_start =
| date_start =
| event_end = [[Battle of Bhopal]]
| date_end = 24 December
| event1 =
| date_event1 =
| life_span = 1568–1737
| era =
| event_pre = First conquered from [[Baz Bahadur]]
| date_pre = 29 March 1561
| event_post =
| date_post =
| flag_border = no
| flag_type =
| image_map = Malwa Subah.png
| image_map_caption = Malwa Subah depicted in map of Mughal Empire by Robert Wilkinson (1805)
| p1 = Malwa Sultanate
| s1 = Maratha Confederacy
| footnotes =
| leader2 = [[Jai Singh II]] (last)
| year_leader2 = 1732–1737
}}
The '''Malwa Subah''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|صوبه ملوا}}}}) was one of the original twelve [[Subah (province)|Subah]]s (provinces) of the [[Mughal Empire]], including [[Gondwana_(India)|Gondwana]], from 1568–1743. Its seat was [[Ujjain]] in the [[Malwa]] region. It shared borders with the autonomous and tributary chiefdoms in the east, as well as [[Berar Subah|Berar]], [[Khandesh#Mughal rule|Khandesh]], [[Ahmadnagar Subah|Ahmadnagar]], [[Gujarat Subah|Gujarat]], [[Ajmer Subah|Ajmer]], [[Agra Subah|Agra]], and [[Illahabad Subah|Illahabad]] subahs.

== History ==
Before becoming part of the Mughal Empire, the [[Malwa region]] was [[Malwa Sultanate|an independent sultanate]]. Its last ruler, [[Baz Bahadur]], was defeated and its capital, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]], was conquered in 1562 by the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]’s army led by Abdullah Khan, the Uzbeg.<ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, p.113</ref> He was appointed its first governor. In 1564 he was replaced by Qara Bahadur Khan. In 1568 it became a subah of Mughal empire.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} One of its last governors was [[Jai Singh II of Amber|Sawai Jai Singh]], who was the governor of the Subah for three times, from 1714-17, from 1729-30 and from 28 September 1732 to 4 August 1737.<ref>Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). ''A History of Jaipur'', New Delhi:Orient Longman, {{ISBN|81-250-0333-9}}, pp.163-86</ref> The Mughal hold on Malwa ended in 1743, when [[Peshwa]] [[Balaji Baji Rao]] obtained the formal grant of ''Naib-subahdari'' (deputy governorship) of Malwa.

==Administrative divisions==
Malwa Subah comprised 12 ''[[Sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]s'' (districts): Ujjain, Chanderi, Raisen, Garha Mandla, Sarangpur, Bijagarh, Mandu, Handia, Nandurbar, Mandsaur, Gagron and Kotri-Parava. These ''sarkar''s are further divided into 301 ''[[pargana]]s''. The city of Ujjain was the capital of the subah.<ref>Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). ''Ain-i-Akbari'', Vol.II (English tr. by H.S. Jarrett, rev. by J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, pp.206-31</ref>

The ''sarkar''s (districts) and the ''pargana''s (tehsils) of Malwa Subah were:

{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:center" border="1" align="center"
|-
! Sarkar!! Pargana
|-
| [[Ujjain]]||10 parganas, Ujjain was the capital
|-
| [[Raisen]]||32 parganas
|-
| [[Mandla|Garha Mandla]]||57 parganas
|-
| [[Chanderi]]||61 parganas
|-
| [[Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh|Sarangpur]]||24 parganas
|-
| [[Bhagwanpura, Madhya Pradesh|Bijagarh]]||29 parganas
|-
| [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]||16 parganas
|-
| [[Handia, Madhya Pradesh|Handia]]||23 parganas
|-
| [[Nandurbar]]||7 parganas
|-
| [[Mandsaur]]||17 parganas
|-
| [[Gagron Fort|Gagron]]||12 parganas
|-
| [[Pirawa|Kotri-Pirawa]]||10 parganas
|}

== Mughal Subahdars (Governors) of Malwa (1561–1737) ==
{| class="wikitable"

! Personal Name<ref name=eaton2>{{cite book|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760|url=https://archive.org/details/riseofislambenga00eato|url-access=registration|year=1993|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-520-20507-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/riseofislambenga00eato/page/325 325–6]}}</ref>
! Reign
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | Conquest of [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] from [[Baz Bahadur]] by the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]]
|-
| [[Adham Khan|Adham Khan Koka]]
|1561
|-
| [[Pir Muhammad Khan]]
|1561
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] retaken by [[Baz Bahadur]]
|-
| Abdullah Khan Uzbek
|1562 – 1564
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | Abdullah Khan Uzbek revolts; [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] retaken by Emperor [[Akbar]]
|-
| Muhammad Quli Khan Barlas
|1564 – 1566
|-
| Shihab-ud-din Ahmed Khan
| 1566 – 1568
|-
| Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Khan
| 1568 – ?
|-
| Muzaffar Khan Turbati
|1573? – ?
|-
| Shihab-ud-din Ahmed Khan
| 1574? – 1577?
|-
| Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Khan
| 1577? – ?
|-
| [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] ''Khan-e-Azam''
|1578? – 1590
|-
|[[Ahmed]]
| 1590
|-
|[[Sultan Murad Mirza]]
| 1590 – 1594
|-
| Mirza Shahrukh
|1594 – 1600
|-
|[[Sultan Daniyal Mirza]]
| 1600 – 1604
|-
|[[Khan Jahan Lodi|Pir Khan Lodhi ''Khan Jahan II'']]
| 1627 – ?
|-
|Abdullah Khan Firoz Jang
| 1657 – ?
|-
| Mukhtiyar Khan
|1697 – 1701
|-
| Abu Nasr Khan ''Shaista Khan II''
|1701 – 1704
|-
| ''Sultan'' [[Bidar Bakht]]
|1704 – 1706
|-
| Ikhlas Khan ''Khan-e-Aalam''
|1706 – 1707
|-
| [[Nijabat Khan]]
|1707
|-
| Abdullah Khan
|1707
|-
| ''Sawai Mirza'' [[Jai Singh II of Amber|Raja Jai Singh II]]
|1714 – 1717
|-
| [[Asaf Jah I|Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan]], ''Nizam-ul-Mulk''
|1719 – 1722
|-
| [[Girdhar Bahadur]]
|1722 – 1723
|-
| Azim-ullah Khan
|1723 – 1725
|-
| [[Girdhar Bahadur]]
|1725 – 1728
|-
| ''Sawai Mirza'' [[Jai Singh II of Amber|Raja Jai Singh II]]
|1729 – 1730
|-
| [[Muhammad Khan Bangash]] ''Ghazanfar Jang''
|1730 – 1732
|-
| ''Sawai Mirza'' [[Jai Singh II of Amber|Raja Jai Singh II]]
|1732 – 1737
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | Conquered by [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] under [[Baji Rao I]] in 1737
|}

== See also ==
* [[Malwa Sultanate]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Malwa Subah| ]]
[[Category:Mughal subahs]]
[[Category:History of Malwa]]
[[Category:History of Ujjain]]
[[Category:1568 establishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1730s]]

Malwa Subah - Revision history

Averma at 12:58, 27 October 2025