UpdateBot at 02:52, 1 July 2022

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{{Short description|River in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Manimala River
| native_name ={{native name|ml|മണിമലയാർ}}
| name_other = Pullakayar, Vallapuzha , Vallabhaipuzha
| etymology =
| image = File:River Manimala Cheruvally.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Manimala river near [[Cheruvally]]
| image_alt =
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kottayam]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Alappuzha]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Cities]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Mundakayam]], [[Manimala]], [[Kanjirappally]], [[Mallappally]], [[Vennikkulam]], [[Kallooppara]], [[Kaviyoor]], [[Vallamkulam]] [[Thiruvalla]], [[Thalavadi]], [[Kidangara]], [[Pulinkunnu]], [[Edathua]], [[Champakulam]] etc.
| subdivision_type5 =
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| source1_location = Muthavara hills, [[Western ghats]]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|2500|ft|m}}
| mouth_location = [[Empties into Vembanad Lake at Kainakary through two branches which separates after Kidangara, one via Pulinkunnu, Mankompu second via Veliyanadu, Kavalam.
A branch of Pamba splits at Kuthiathodu and joins Manimala river at Kallunkal flows together for nearly five Kilometers and branches out again at Nedumpuram and flows along Niranam, Thalavady, Edathua, Champakulam, Nedumudy, Chennamkary and joins Vembanad lake at Kainakary.]]
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| basin_size = {{Convert|802.90|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
| basin_landmarks = Kallooppara Bhagavathy temple, [[Kaviyoor Mahadevar Temple]], [[Nannoor Devi
Temple]].
| basin_population =

| length = {{cvt|91.73|km|mi}}
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}}
'''Manimala River''' or '''Manimalayar''' is a 92km long river which flows through South and Central Kerala. The river used to be wrongly considered as a [[tributary]] of [[Pamba River]] before satellite maps became popular, but this was proved incorrect. Manimala does not flow into the [[Pamba River|Pamba]], instead a [[distributary]] of the Pamba river flows into the Manimala river at Kallunkal, later branches out again from Manimala at Nedumpuram and flows through [[Niranam]], [[Thalavady]], [[Edathua]], Changankary, [[Champakulam]], [[Nedumudi|Nedumudy]], [[Chennamkary]], and finally [[Kainakary]] and then empties into the [[Vembanad|Vembanad lake]]. This branch again links with Manimala river at [[Chennamkary|Chennankary]] in a short, but broad connection known as Munnattumukham.

Manimala is a separate independent river for all geographical purposes. It has its origin on the [Muthavara Hills] (1156 feet above main sea level) on the [[Western Ghats]] in [[Idukki district]] of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It has a length of about 90 km and flows through a catchment area of about 847 km<sup>2</sup>. The river passes through the districts of [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]] and [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://puzhakal0.tripod.com/river.html|title=About the Rivers of Kerala|access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> [[Yendayar]], [[Koottickal]], [[Mundakayam]], [[Erumely|Erumeli]], [[Manimala]], [[Kottangal]], Kulathurmoozy, [[Vaipur]], [[Mallappally]], [[Keezhvaipur]], [[Thuruthicadu|Thuruthicad]], Komalam/Kuranjoor Kadavu, [[Kallooppara]], [[Vallamkulam]], [[Kattode]] & [[Kuttoor (Thiruvalla)|Kuttoor]] (outskirts of [[Thiruvalla|Thiruvalla city]]), Pulikeezh, [[Nedumpuram]], [[Neerattupuram]], Amichakary, [[Muttar]], Kidangara, [[Pulincunnoo]], Veliyanadu, [[Ramankary]], [[Mankompu]] lie on the banks of Manimala River. Manimala splits after Kidangara into two branches. Second branch flows via Kunnamkary, Kavalam and Kainakary to Vembanad lake. Its running length is estimated at 92 km. It empties itself into the [[Vembanad Lake]]. It is one of the four major rivers which do not have direct outlet to sea as these rivers (Meenachil, Pamba, Manimala, Achankovil) empty into the vast Vembanad lake. This huge lake has just two outlets, one at Thottappaly Spillway and second at Thannermukkom Bund, both man made barriers, built to prevent incoming seawater during high tides, which otherwise would render the low lying paddyfields (average 2.5 meters below sea level) uncultivable.

[[Niranam]] is historically known as an ancient inland port at the confluence of Manimala River and Pamba River. At [[Kaviyoor]] ancient rock-cut cave temples can still be seen.

Manimala River has been an important water way of Central Travancore. Rising in the hills of Kottayam-Idukki ranges, running westward, the river joins the plains at [[Manimala]] junction and then the flows through the midland plains and through the Kuttanad [[breadbasket|rice bowl]] area. [[Sand mining]] on the river bed has led to depletion of the water ways of the river. Pollution is also another issue.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Manimalayar river @ Pazhayidam.jpg|Manimala River, photographed from Pazhayidom bridge
File:Canoe in Manimalayar.JPG|A canoe in Manimalayar
File:Manimala River.jpg|At Manimala
File:The Manimala river in Kerala.jpg|The river, photographed from Eraviperoor in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala.
</gallery>

==References==
{{commons category|Manimala River}}
{{Reflist}}
Ichthyodiversity of Manimala River
{{Waters of Kerala}}

{{coord|9|21|N|76|33|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Rivers of Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Rivers of Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Rivers of Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Pamba River]]

{{Kerala-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}

Manimala River - Revision history

UpdateBot at 02:52, 1 July 2022