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{{Infobox writer
| name = Mansukhram Tripathi
| image = Mansukhram Tripathi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| caption = Mansukhram Tripathi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1840|5|23}}
| birth_place = [[Nadiad]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1907|5|30|1840|5|23}}
| death_place = [[Nadiad]], British India
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Essayist
* biographer
* thinker
}}
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality = British Indian
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| notableworks =
| spouse = Dahilakshmi
| children =
| relatives = [[Govardhanram Tripathi]] (younger cousin)
| awards =
| signature =
| years_active =
}}
'''Mansukhram Suryaram Tripathi''' ({{IPA-gu|mənsukʰɾɑːm suɾjəɾɑːm t̪ɾipɑːʈʰiː|pron|}}; 1840–1907) was a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] essayist, biographer, and thinker from [[British Raj|British India]]. He led a conservative school of Gujarati writers who advocated avoiding the use of foreign words in writing and speaking, and promoted the use of [[Sanskrit]] or [[Sanskritised]] words. He was a cousin of the Gujarati writer [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].

==Biography==
Tripathi was born into a [[Vadnagar]]a [[Nagar Brahmin]] family<ref name="Manishankar Govindaji 1902">{{cite book|last=Vaidyashastri|first=Manishankar Govindaji|title=ગુજરાતી ગ્રંથકારો અને ગ્રંથો|trans-title=Who's Who in Gujarati Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.541274/page/n49|year=1902|volume=1|language=gu|pages=32–42}}</ref> on 23 May 1840 in [[Nadiad]] in the [[British Raj|British Indian]] state of [[Gujarat]] to his father, Suryaram, and mother, Umedkunwar. His father died when he was eight.<ref name="GVK">{{Cite book|title=ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ|last=Joshi|first=Ramanlal|author-link=Ramanlal Joshi|publisher=Gujarati Vishwakosh Trust|year=1997|editor-last=Thaker|editor-first=Dhirubhai|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|volume=VIII|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=765–766|trans-title=Gujarati Encyclopedia|language=gu|oclc=164810484}}</ref> He received his secondary and college education in [[Kheda]] and [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name="Lal1992">{{cite book|editor-last=Lal|editor-first=Mohan|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4395|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|page=4395}}</ref> In 1861, he joined [[Elphinstone College]], but left due to an eye-problem.<ref name="GVK"/> Later he made a career as a [[stock trader]].<ref name="Manishankar Govindaji 1902"/> He died on 30 May 1907 in Nadiad.<ref name="GVK"/> Gujarati writer Govardhanram Tripathi was his younger cousin.<ref name="Patel1995">{{cite book|editor-last=Patel|editor-first=Sujata|editor-link=Sujata Patel|title=Bombay: Mosaic of Modern Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZJPAAAAMAAJ|last=Shukla|first=Sonal|chapter=Gujarati Cultural Revivalism|year=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563689-5|page=93}}</ref>

[[File:Dahilaxmi Library.jpg|thumb|Tripathi founded Dahilaxmi Library at [[Nadiad]]|left]]
Tripathi was associated with several [[Literary society|literary associations]] in Gujarat. He was one of the founder members of Farbus Gujarati Sabha and was a member of [[Buddhivardhak Sabha|Buddhi Vardhak Sabha]]. In 1870, he founded Dharma Sabha in Ahmedabad and became editor of its organ ''Dharmaprakash''. He founded the Dahilakshmi Library in Nadiad in memory of his wife Dahilakshmi.<ref name="GVK"/> He was appointed a fellow of [[Mumbai University]], and was appointed a [[justice of the peace]].<ref name="Manishankar Govindaji 1902"/> In 1866–67 ([[Vikram Samvat]] 1923), Gokulji Zala, a [[dewan]] (a senior [[government official]]) of [[Junagadh state]], heard a lecture by Tripathi at Bombay, and was impressed. Later Zala appointed Tripathi as one of agents of Junagadh state at Bombay.<ref name="Manishankar Govindaji 1902"/>

==Works==
A collection of his essays was published as ''Astodaya'' (Rise and Fall). They are descriptive, narrative and reflective in nature. Since he wanted to use only words of Sanskrit origin, the language of his essays is highly loaded.<ref name="Lal1992"/>

Tripathi wrote two biographies: ''Forbes Jivan Charitra'' (1869), which presents the career and achievements of [[Alexander Kinloch Forbes]], a colonial administrator in British India. The second biography, ''Sujna Gokulji Jhala Jivancharitra'' (1900), tells the life story of Gokulji Jhala, the dewan of Junagadh state, and presents an account of [[Kathiawar|Kathiawadi]] politics and society between 1860 and 1880. Since Gokulji was a [[Vedanta|Vedantist]], the book also contains a detailed chapter on [[Adi Shankara|Shankaracharya]], one of the founders of the Vedanta school of [[Hindu philosophy]].<ref name="Chavda1982">{{cite book|author=V. K. Chavda|title=Modern Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIluAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=New Order Book Company|location=Ahmedabad|page=48|oclc=9477811}}</ref>

In collaboration with [[Ranchhodbhai Dave|Ranchhodbhai Udayram Dave]], he wrote ''Shakespeare Katha Samaj'', which presents abridged versions of [[Shakespeare]]'s plays.<ref name="Lal1992"/>

==Conservatism==
[[File:Mansukhram Suryaram Tripathi plaque.jpg|thumb|[[Commemorative plaque|Plaque]] at Tripathi's birthplace]]
Tripathi led a conservative school of Gujarati writers.<ref name="Diwanji1932—1933">{{cite journal|last=Diwanji|first=Prahlad C.|title=Nāgara Apabhraṁśa and Nāgarī Script: A Review|date=1932–1933|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=14|issue=3/4|publisher=[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]]|page=268|jstor=41682433}}{{closed access}}</ref> He was one of the earliest and strongest proponents of a highly [[Sanskritized]] Gujarati language. He insisted on removing all words of Persian, Arabic or English origin from Gujarati and replacing them with Sanskrit words. As a result of this [[Ramanbhai Neelkanth]], a liberal intellectual and a proponent of Western culture, targeted him in his novel ''[[Bhadrambhadra]]'' in which the protagonist insists on using highly Sanskritized language.<ref name="Patel1995"/>

Tripathi also tried to popularize the [[Devanagari]] script by writing several works in it, but he was unsuccessful.<ref name="Diwanji1932—1933"/> His style of Sanskritised Gujarati was followed by his younger cousin Govardhanram Tripathi in his epic novel ''[[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Sarswatichandra]]''. [[Manilal Dwivedi]] (''fl''. 1882–1898), a Gujarati writer, was also a follower of Tripathi.<ref name="Shukla1991">{{cite journal|last=Shukla|first=Sonal|author-link=Sonal Shukla|title=Cultivating Minds: 19th Century Gujarati Women's Journals|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1991/43/review-womens-studies-review-issues-specials/cultivating-minds-19th-century-gujarati|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|date=26 October 1991|volume=26|issue=43|issn=0012-9976 |eissn=2349-8846|page=64|via=[[Economic & Political Weekly|EPW]]}}{{closed access}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author|search=Mansukhram Tripathi}}
* {{Gbooks-author|Manassukharama Suryarama Tripathi}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathi, Mansukhram}}
[[Category:1840 births]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:People from Nadiad]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian biographers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Male biographers]]

Mansukhram Tripathi - Revision history

UpdateBot at 19:21, 18 February 2022