https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Mara_language Mara language - Revision history 2026-07-30T15:10:02Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.45.4 https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Mara_language&diff=150976&oldid=prev imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao at 22:47, 26 August 2021 2021-08-26T22:47:38Z <p></p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox language<br /> | name = Mara<br /> | nativename = Mara (Tlosaih)<br /> | pronunciation = {{IPA-bodia|m̥ara|}}<br /> | states = [[Mizoram]], [[India]]; [[Burma]]<br /> | ethnicity = [[Mara people]]<br /> | speakers = ca. 400,000<br /> | date = 1994–2011<br /> | ref = e18<br /> | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan<br /> | fam2 = [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]<br /> | fam3 = [[Maraic languages|Maraic]]<br /> | dia1 = Tlosaih Siaha(lingua franca)<br /> | dia2 = Tlosaih Saikao<br /> | dia3 = Tlosaih Tokalo<br /> | dia4 = Tlosaih Kiasie<br /> | script = [[Latin script|Latin]]<br /> | iso3 = mrh<br /> | glotto = mara1382<br /> | glottorefname = Mara Chin<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Mara&#039;&#039;&#039; is a [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]] language spoken by [[Mara people]], mostly the [[Tlosaih]] tribe living in 30 villages of [[Chhimtuipui district]], southern [[Mizoram]], [[India]] and the adjacent villages in [[Burma]].<br /> <br /> The Mara (Tlosaih) languages belong to the [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]] branch of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language family]]. The speakers of the languages are also known as Mara (Tlosais).<br /> <br /> Mara is a recognised language in the [[Mara Autonomous District Council]] (MADC) school curriculum. Mara is a compulsory subject for all schools up to class VII (middle school) under the Board of School Education, MADC.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> *Population: 56,574 in [[Saiha district]], [[Mizoram]], [[India]] (2011), 37,000 in [[Burma]] (2007).<br /> *Region: [[Saiha district|Saiha District]], [[Mizoram]] ([[India]]), [[Indo-Burma border|Indo-Burma Border]]<br /> *Alternate names: [[Lakher]], [[Mara people|Mara]], Maram, Mira, Zao, Shendu, Khawngsai, Khyeng.<br /> *Languages: Tlôsaih, Sizo (Chapi/Saby/Ngiaphia), Hlaipao (Vahapi, Lelai and Heima), Lyvaw (Nohro &amp; Notlia), Lochei ochebi, Zophei (Ahnai/Vytu, Bawipa and Asah/Leita), Senthang (Khuapi/Saith a), Lautu (Awhsa/Kahno) &amp; Saté<br /> <br /> *Tribes: Zophei, Lautu, Senthang, Tlosai, Hlaipao and Haw Thai<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> Mara alphabet (capital letters): A, AW, Y, B, CH, D, E, F, H, I, K, L, M, N, NG, O, Ô, P, R, S, T, U, V, Z<br /> <br /> Mara alphabet (lowercase letters): a, aw, y, b, ch, d, e, f, h, i, k, l, m, n, ng, o, ô, p, r, s, t, u, v, z<br /> <br /> Mara diphthongs: ao, yu, ai, ei, ia, ie, ua<br /> <br /> ==Grammar==<br /> ===Plurals===<br /> The plural form of a noun is formed by affixing one of the following terms to the end of the noun:<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|zy}} ({{Lang|mrh|zeu}})<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|zydua}} ({{Lang|mrh|zeu-dua}})<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|nawh}}<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|sahlao}} ({{Lang|mrh|sha-hlawh}})<br /> Today the Mara language has its own alphabet; words inside brackets show author N.E. Parry&#039;s transliterations from 1937.<br /> <br /> ===Interrogative words in Mara===<br /> {{Div col|colwidth=18em|content=*&#039;&#039;&#039;What&#039;&#039;&#039;: {{lang|mrh|Khâpa, Khâpa e, Khâpa maw}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Where:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Khataih lâ, Khataih liata}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;How:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|kheihta, kheihawhta, Khatluta, Kheihta maw}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;How much?:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Khazie?}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;How long?:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Khachâ e, Khachâ maw?}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;When:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Khatita, khatita e, Khâpa nota, nota, tita, nahta, pata}} Conj. {{lang|mrh|thlaita, khati nota}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Why:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Khazia, Khazia-e, Khazia maw, Khâpa vâta}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Why not:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Khazia a châ vei chheih aw}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Whose:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Kheihawhpa, Kheihawhpa he, Kheihawhpa-e, Kheihawhpa maw, ahy he maw}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Which:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Kheihawhpa, Kheihawhpa he, Kheihawhpa-e, Kheihawhpa maw, ahy he maw}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Friend:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Viasa}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Male Friend:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Viasa Paw}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Female Friend:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Viasa Nô}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Walk/Go:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Sie (Phei ta Sie)}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Run:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Arâ, â râ}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Sleep:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Amô, Azia, Apazawh, â mô, â zia, â pazawh}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;See:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Mo, hmô}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Sit:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Â tyuh, atyuh}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Stand:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Â duah, aduah}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Jump:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Â pathluah, apathluah}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Hit:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Â chô, achô}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Eat:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Nie}}<br /> *&#039;&#039;&#039;Drink:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{lang|mrh|Doh}}}}<br /> <br /> ===Pronouns===<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Singular&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *1st person: {{Lang|mrh|keima}}, {{Lang|mrh|kei}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;I&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *2nd person: {{Lang|mrh|nâma}}, {{Lang|mrh|na}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;you&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *3rd person: {{Lang|mrh|ano}}, {{Lang|mrh|a}} or {{Lang|mrh|ama&#039;}} &#039;&#039;-&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;he, she, it&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Plural&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *1st person: {{Lang|mrh|eima}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;we&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *2nd person: {{Lang|mrh|nâmo, nâma}} &#039;&#039;-&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;you&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *3rd person: {{Lang|mrh|âmo}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;they&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> <br /> ===Possessive Pronouns===<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Singular&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Keima, ei}} -&#039;&#039;&#039; my&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Keima eih, kei eih}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;mine&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Nâma, na}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;thy (you)&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Nâma eih, na eih}} -&#039;&#039;&#039; thine (yours)&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Ama, a}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;him, her, it&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Ama eih, a eih}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;his, hers, its&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Plural&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Keimo}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;our&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Keimo eih}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;ours&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Nâmo}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;your&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Ahyrai}} -&#039;&#039;&#039; anyone&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Ahy tlyma}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;someone, a certain one&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|A tlâhpi}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;some . . . others&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|A hropa}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;another, others&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> *{{Lang|mrh|Ama zydua ta}} - &#039;&#039;&#039;all&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{incubator|mrh}}<br /> *Marasaw.com [http://www.marasaw.com/?m=1]<br /> *Maraland.NET [https://web.archive.org/web/20091207044315/http://www.maraland.net/ &#039;&#039;Home of Mara language speaking people&#039;&#039;]<br /> *Maraland.org [http://maraland.org/ &#039;&#039;MITCS website&#039;&#039;]<br /> *[https://archive.org/details/agrammaranddict00savigoog A grammar and dictionary of the Lakher language (1908)] (Scanned book at the [[Internet Archive]])<br /> <br /> {{Sino-Tibetan languages}}<br /> {{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}<br /> {{Languages of Burma}}<br /> {{Languages of Northeast India}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kukish languages]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Mizoram]]<br /> [[Category:Endangered languages of India]]</div> imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao