2405:201:3016:E88E:1912:BAD5:CFAB:9DD5 at 09:54, 4 August 2021

2021-08-04T09:54:59Z

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{{short description|Set of Southern Indic languages in Maharashtra and Konkan}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox language family
|name=Marathi-Konkani
|altname= मराठी-कोंकणी
|region=[[Western India]]
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4=[[List of Southern Indo-Aryan languages|Southern Indo-Aryan]]
|ancestor=[[Maharashtri Prakrit]]
|glotto=indo1325
|glottorefname= Indo-Aryan Southern zone
}}

The '''Marathi-Konkani languages''' are the mainland [[Southern Indic languages]], spoken in [[Maharashtra]] and the [[Konkan]] region of [[India]].

==Languages==
Languages are: [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Phudagi language|Phudagi]], [[Kadodi language|Kadodi]] (Samvedi), [[Katkari language|Katkari]], [[Varli language|Varli]] and [[Andh language|Andh]].

[[File:Konkani languages.png|thumb|280px|Venn diagram of the ISO codes assigned to the Konkani languages]]

Several of the Marathi-Konkani languages have been variously claimed to be dialects of both Marathi and Konkani.

=== Maharashtrian Konkani ===
{{Main|Maharashtrian Konkani}}
A collection of dialects of Marathi-Konkani languages spoken in the [[Konkan#The Konkan division|Konkan region]] is referred to as Maharashtrian Konkani. It is often mistakenly extended to cover [[Konkani language|Goan Konkani]] which is an independent language. [[George Abraham Grierson]] has referred to this dialect as the ''Konkan Standard of Marathi'' in order to differentiate it from [[Konkani language]].<ref>[http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/knn/detail-1?page_view=image_view Konkani Detailed Description — ]{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref>
The sub-dialects of Konkani gradually merge from standard Marathi into Goan Konkani from north to south Konkan. The various sub dialects are: Parabhi, Koli, Kiristanv, Kunbi, Agari, Dhangari, Thakri, Karadhi, and Maoli.<ref>[http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/knn/detail-1/?b_start:int=3&page_view=image_view Konkani Detailed Description — ]{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref> These sub-dialects are together considered by the [[International Standards Organisation|ISO]] to be a separate language and is assigned the [[ISO 639-3]] code knn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=knn |title=Ethnologue report - Maharashtrian Konkani |publisher=Ethnologue.com |access-date=2013-05-09}}</ref>
* Agari (Spoken by the [[Agri people|Agri]] community found in [[Raigad district|Raigad]] & [[Thane district]] of Maharashtra; [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]; [[Gujarat]])
*[[Thakri dialect|Thakri]] (Spoken by the [[Adivasi and katkari]] community found in [[Raigad district|Raigad]] district of Maharashtra)
*[[Koli dialect|Koli]] (Spoken by the [[Koli People|Koli]] or fishermen community found in [[Mumbai]], [[Thane]], [[Palghar]] and [[Raigad district|Raigad]] district of Maharashtra)
* [[Warli language|Warli]] (Varli) language spoken by the Warli people. Although commonly associated with Maharashtra and found in Gujarat too, Varlis (Warlis) consider the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to be their original home.

=== Phudagi ===
{{Main|Phudagi language}}
Phudagi or Vadvali was primarily spoken by Vadvals, which basically means agricultural plot owners, of the [[Naigaon]], [[Vasai]] to [[Dahanu]] region. Somavamshi Kshatriyas speak this dialect. This language is preserved mostly by the [[Roman Catholic]]s native to this region, since they are a closely knit community here and have very few relatives outside this region. It was also widely spoken among the Hindus native to this region, but due to external influences, ordinary Marathi is now more popular among the Hindus. There are many songs in this language. Recently a book was published by Nutan Patil containing around 70 songs. The songs are about marriage, pachvi etc. The dialect of the [[Koli People|Kolis]] (fisherfolk) of Vasai and neighbouring Mumbai resembles this dialect closely, though they speak with a heavier accent.
There is a village in Vasai called Chulna, which was predominantly Roman Catholic (now cosmopolitan).

The striking feature of the dialect here contrasting it with [[Phudagi language|Phudagi]], is the preference of pronouncing the thinner 'l' and 'n' ('ल' and 'न') instead of the thicker 'l' and 'n' ('ळ' and 'ण'), which is retained even in the current generation of speakers even for conversing normal Marathi.

=== Samavedi ===
{{Main|Samvedi language|Mumbai Marathi language}}
Samavedi or Kadodi is spoken in the interiors of the [[Vasai-Virar]] region along the north of [[Mumbai]], up to the [[Thane district|Thane]], [[Panvel]] and [[Uran]] talukas of [[Maharashtra]]. The name of this [[language]] correctly suggests that its origins lie with the Samavedi{{Clarify|date=December 2009}} [[Brahmin]]s native to this region. This language, too, finds more speakers among the [[Roman Catholic]] converts native to the region (who are known as [[East Indians]]), but nevertheless is popular among the Samavedi Brahmins. This dialect is very different from the other Marathi dialects spoken in other regions of Maharashtra, but resembles Vadvali very closely. Both Vadvali and Samavedi have relatively high proportions of words imported from [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] as compared to ordinary Marathi, because of direct influence of the Portuguese who colonized this region till 1739.

There is a little difference between Samvedi and Kadodi. Kado's trace their origin from Samvedi Bramhins, Goans and Portuguese due to their inter communal marriages. Christianity in Vasai dates back to the 16th century. The churches built by Portuguese in the 16th century are still being used by Christians today as well.

==Official status==
With the exception of Marathi and Goan Konkani, the languages have no official status. Most are considered to be a dialect of one of the larger local languages. Goan Konkani is the official language of the Indian state of [[Goa]], Marathi of Maharashtra, and both are also among India's scheduled languages.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Konkani language topics}}
{{Marathi language topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marathi-Konkani languages}}
[[Category:Southern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Konkani languages]]
[[Category:Marathi language]]

Marathi-Konkani languages - Revision history

2405:201:3016:E88E:1912:BAD5:CFAB:9DD5 at 09:54, 4 August 2021