->GreenC bot at 14:27, 6 November 2021

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{{short description|Overview of media in Kerala}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
[[File:Malayalam print and spectacles.jpg|thumb|right|Printed Malayalam magnified by spectacles.]]
'''Media in [[Kerala]]''', [[India]] are widely accessible and cater to a wide variety of audiences. [[Kerala]] has the [[Indian states ranking by media exposure|highest media exposure in India]] with newspapers publishing in nine languages, mainly [[English language|English]] and [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The DHS Program - India: Standard DHS, 2015-16 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/what-we-do/survey/survey-display-355.cfm |website=dhsprogram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Family Health Survey|url=http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-4Report.shtml|website=rchiips.org}}</ref>

== Print media ==
===Newspapers===
Dozens of newspapers are published in Kerala.<ref name=rniindia>{{cite web
|url=https://rni.nic.in/pii.htm
|title=General Review
|accessdate=2006-09-01
|publisher=Registrar of Newspapers for India
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713215421/http://www.rni.nic.in/pii.htm
|archivedate=2006-07-13
}}</ref> The principal languages of publication are [[Malayalam]] and English. The most widely circulating [[List of Malayalam language newspapers|Malayalam-language newspapers]] include ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'', ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'', ''[[Desabhimani]]'',''[[Madhyamam]]'', ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'', ''[[Suprabhaatham]]'', ''[[Siraj Daily]]'', ''Veekshanam'', ''[[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]]'', ''[[Mangalam]]'', ''[[Janayugam]]'', ''[[Thejas]]'', ''Varthamanam'', ''[[Chandrika (Malayalam newspaper)|Chandrika]]'', ''[[Janmabhumi]]'', ''Udaya Keralam'' and ''Metro Vaartha''.

===Magazines===
Among [[list of Malayalam periodicals]] major Malayalam periodicals are ''[[Mathrubhumi|Mathrubhumi weekly]]'', ''[[Madhyamam weekly]]'', ''[[India Today|India Today Malayalam]]'', ''[[Dhanam (Business Magazine)|Dhanam]]'', ''[[Chithrabhumi]]'', [[Balarama (Comics)]], ''[[Thejas]]'', ''[[Kanyaka (magazine)|Kanyaka]]'' and ''[[Bhashaposhini]]''.
{{Bar chart
| title = <small>Readership of top Malayalam dailies (based on [[Indian Readership Survey]], 2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/27032_IRS-2010-Q1:-Dailies-in-Kerala-lose-readers-after-gaining-in-the-last-round|title=IRS 2010 Q1: Dailies in Kerala lose readers after gaining in the last round|author=Sangeeta Tanwar|work=Indian Readership Survey|publisher=afaqs.com|location=[[New Delhi, India]]|date=10 May 2010|accessdate=29 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710130841/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/27032_IRS-2010-Q1:-Dailies-in-Kerala-lose-readers-after-gaining-in-the-last-round|archive-date=10 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref></small>
| label_type = Daily
| data_type = Readership (in lakh)
| bar_width = 23
| width_units = em
| data_max = 140
| label1 = ''[[Malayala Manorama]]''
| data1 = 100
| label2 = ''[[Mathrubhumi]]''
| data2 = 90
| label5 = ''[[Madhyamam]]''
| data5 = 75
| label6 = ''[[Mangalam]]''
| data6 = 7.14
}}

The following table is according to the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2019 Quarter 1.<ref>{{cite web |title=TOTAL READERSHIP : BASIS RESPECTIVE PERIODICITY |url=http://mruc.net/uploads/posts/8e428e54a95edcd6e8be593a7021a185.pdf |website=Media Research Users Council}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Rank !! Name of the magazine !! Average Issue Readership (in lakh)
|-
| 1 || ''[[Vanitha]]'' || 7028
|-
| 2 || ''[[Mathrubhumi]] Arogya Masika'' || 2683
|-
| 3 || ''Mathrubhumi Thozhilvartha'' || 2605
|-
| 4 || ''[[Balarama (magazine)|Balarama]]'' || 2542
|-
| 5 || ''[[Grihalakshmi (magazine)|Grihalakshmi]]'' || 2423
|-
|}

== Television ==
[[Doordarshan]] the state-owned television broadcaster started the commercial television broadcast in [[Kerala]] with the channel 'DD Malayalam 'on 1 January 1985 from Kudappanakkunnu, [[Trivandrum]]. Malayalam started with a one-hour slot (6.30 PM -7:30 PM IST) daily followed by a 10-minute news bulletin in [[malayalam]]. During initial phase Malayalam programs that originated from Doordarshan were available only within 15 km radius of the station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/dds-vision/article5530472.ece|title=DD's Vision|first=|last=|date=2 January 2014|publisher=The Hindu|via=The Hindu}}</ref>

[[Multi system operator]]s provide a mix of Malayalam, English, and international channels. The first group to enter the television field was [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] in 1993, followed by [[Surya TV]] in 1998. [[Kairali TV]] started broadcast in the year 2000.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606124841/http://www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/2000/08/14/stories/141460z1.htm "New Malayalam channel to go on air from Aug 17" ''Business Line Financial Daily'', Monday, 14 August 2000]}}</ref> Multiple channels then started broadcasting including general entertainment channels like (ACV NEWS), Jeevan, [[Amrita]], [[Jai Hind]], [[Asianet plus]], [[Surya Movies]], [[WE TV|Kairali We]], [[Mazhavil Manorama]], [[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]], [[Janam TV]] news channels like [[Indiavision]], [[Asianet News]], [[Reporter TV]], [[Manorama News]], Kairali People, [[Mathrubhumi News]], [[Media One TV]], [[24 News]] and religious channels like Harvest TV, Harvest USA TV, Harvest Arabia, Harvest India, [[Shalom (TV channel)|Shalom]], [[Powervision TV]]. The only government owned channel in Malayalam is [[Victers TV]] (Versatile ICT Enabled Resource for Students), an [[edutainment]] channel which is working under [[KITE Kerala|KITE]] of General Education department, Kerala

== Radio ==
In Kerala, Radio had a very vital role in communication. During colonial rule, the erstwhile [[Travancore]] state set up the first Radio Station in [[Kerala]]. The Princely State of Travancore has granted sanction for setting up a radio broadcasting station at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] on 30 September 1937. The radio station was called 'Travancore State Broadcasting Station' and was inaugurated on 12 March 1943 by Sri [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]]. During Initial phase of transmission two hours of radio broadcasting on Friday evenings were aired by the station. After Independence when state of Travancore joined in Indian Union, the 'Travancore State Broadcasting Station' was merged with [[All India Radio]] from 1 April 1950.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airtvm.com/history.php |title=History of Malayalam Broadcast |publisher=All India Radio }}</ref> Radio Alakal, the first Community radio in the state, started narrowcasting from Trivandrum on 1 May 2006.Kerala's First private FM station, [http://radiomango.in Radio Mango 91.9], was launched on 29th, November 2007 in Calicut, sparking off the FM revolution in the state. Today, Kerala has a host of private FM channels that are fast gaining influence among its population.

=== Private FM Stations inside Kerala ===

* '''[[Thiruvananthapuram]]'''

# [[Club FM 94.3]] (The [[Mathrubhumi]] Printing And Publishing Co Ltd)
# [[BIG FM 92.7]] (Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group)
# [[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3 (Entertainment Network India Limited)
# [[Red FM 93.5]] (Sun Network)
# [[Radio DC]] - Community Radio Station (DC School of Management and Technology)

* '''[[Kollam]]'''
# Radio Benziger 107.8 - Community Radio Station (Bishop Benziger Hospital)

* '''[[Karunagapally]]'''
# Ente Radio 91.2 - Community Radio Station

* '''[[Ambalapuzha]]'''
# [[Global Radio 91.2 FM]]- Community Radio Station

* '''[[Alappuzha]]'''
# [[Club FM 104.8]] (The [[Mathrubhumi]] Printing And Publishing Co Ltd)

# [[Radio Mango 91.9|Radio Mango 92.7]] (The Malayala Manorama Co Ltd)

# Radio Neythal 107.8 - Community Radio Station (Diocese of Alappuzha)

* '''[[Thiruvalla]]'''
# Radio MACFAST 90.4 - Community Radio Station

* '''[[Kottayam]]'''

# Radio Mangalam 91.2 - Community Radio Station
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20121128053048/http://www.mediavillageindia.com/NEWS.htm Radio Media Village] 90.8 - Community Radio Station ([[St Joseph College of Communication]])

* '''[[Kochi]]'''

# [[Club FM 94.3]] (The [[Mathrubhumi]] Printing And Publishing Co Ltd)
# [[Red FM 93.5]] (Sun Network)
# [[Radio Mango 91.9]] (The Malayala Manorama Co Ltd.)
# Radio Mirchi 104, Kochi ([[IGNOU|Radio Mirchi]])

* '''[[Thrissur]]'''

# [[Club FM 104.8]] (The [[Mathrubhumi]] Printing And Publishing Co Ltd)
# [[Radio Mango 91.9]] (The Malayala Manorama Co Ltd)
# [[BEST FM 95]] (Asianet Communications Ltd)
# Red FM 91.1 (Sun Network)
# Hello Radio 90.8 - Community Radio Station

* '''[[Palakkad]]'''
# Ahalia Voice 90.4 - Community Radio Station
* '''[[Kozhikode]]'''

# [[Radio Mango 91.9]] (The Malayala Manorama Co Ltd)
# [[Red FM 93.5]] (Sun Network)
# [[Radio Mirchi]] 92.7 (Entertainment Network India Limited)
# [[Club FM 94.3]] (The [[Mathrubhumi]] Printing And Publishing Co Ltd)

* '''[[Wayanad]]'''
# Radio Mattoli 90.4 - Community Radio Station (Wayanad Social Service Society)
* '''[[Kannur]]'''

# [[Club FM 94.3]] (The [[Mathrubhumi]] Printing And Publishing Co Ltd)
# [[Radio Mango 91.9]] (The Malayala Manorama Co Ltd)
# [[Red FM 93.5]] (Sun Network)
# [[BEST FM 95]] (Asianet Communications Ltd)

=== Private AM/FM/SW Stations outside Kerala ===

* '''[[Dubai]]'''

# [[Radio and television channels of Dubai|Asianet Radio 657AM]]
# [[Radio and television channels of Dubai|Radio Asia 1269 AM]]
# Club FM 99.6 [The [[Mathrubhumi]] Group]
# [[Radio and television channels of Dubai|Radio Me 95.3 FM]]
# [[Radio and television channels of Dubai|Hit FM 96.7]]
# [[Radio and television channels of Dubai|Oxygen FM 102.4]]
# [[Radio and television channels of Dubai|Radio Mango 96.2]]

* '''[[Holy See|Vatican]]'''
# Vatican ShortWave Radio (SW 9505 kHz(31m)) daily at 8:40pm IST

=== Public sector Radio Channels ===

*'''[[All India Radio]] (AIR) FM Radio Stations in Kerala'''

# Thiruvananthapuram -101.9
# Kochi 102.3
# Kochi FM Rainbow 107.5 (Music Channel)
# Thrissur - 103
# Devikulam - 101.4
# Kozhikode - 103.6
# Malappuram -102.7
# Kannur - 101.5

* '''[[All India Radio]] (AIR) AM/MW Radio Stations in Kerala'''

# Thiruvananthapuram - 1161
# Alapuzha - 576
# Thrissur - 630
# Kozhikode - 684
# Kavaratti - 1584

* '''[[All India Radio]] (AIR) SW Radio Stations in Kerala'''

# Thiruvananthapuram - 5010,7290

== Internet ==
Internet service was started by [[ISP]]s like Kerala Telecommunication and [[VSNL]] in the year 1998. In the same year [[BPL Group|BPL]], a private [[mobile service provider]] introduced mobile telephony in Kerala.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Dr. Vellayani Arjunan|year=1987|title= Sarva Vijnana Kosham Volume 8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Keralatourism.org (Provisional) |work=Department of Tourism |accessdate=2007-11-12 |url=http://www.keralatourism.org/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Keralabsnl(Provisional) |work=Department of Tourism |accessdate=2007-11-18 |url=http://www.keralabsnl.co.in/ }}</ref> According to the IAMAI report, titled 'India Internet 2019', Kerala's Internet penetration rate is 54 % which is second highest in [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Data: Where does Kerala's Internet access stand compared to other States?|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/where-does-kerala-internet-access-stand-compared-to-other-states/article29910398.ece|website=The Hindu|accessdate=19 November 2020}}</ref>

==Cinema==
{{main|Malayalam Cinema}}

The history of Malayalam cinema begins with [[Vigathakumaran]] a silent film made by [[J.C. Daniel]] in 1928. The first Malayalam talkie, ''[[Balan (film)|Balan]]'', came out in 1938.

[[Udaya Studio]], the first professional film studio of Kerala was set up in [[Alappuzha]] by [[Kunchako]] in 1947. Another landmark was the release of [[Chemmeen]] in 1966, directed by [[Ramu Kariat]], which won the President's Gold Medal for the best Indian film.

The first co-operative society for film production, Chitralekha Film Co-operative was promoted by Chithralekha Film Society. This first film society of Kerala was started in 1964 by [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] and Kulathur Bhaskaran Nair.

== See also ==
* [[Media in Trivandrum]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019 (Malayalam Edition)|publisher=P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode|year=2018|location=Kozhikode|last=Chandran |first=VP}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Media of Kerala}}

{{Malayalam journalism}}
{{Kerala topics}}
{{Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Media in Kerala}}
[[Category:Mass media in Kerala| ]]

Media in Kerala - Revision history

->GreenC bot at 14:27, 6 November 2021