Henley Passport Index

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The Henley Passport Index (HPI) is a global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom of holders of their ordinary – as opposed to diplomatic – passport holders.[1] It started in 2006 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index (HVRI)[2] and was modified and renamed in January 2018.[3][4] The site provides a ranking for 199 passports of the world according to the number of countries their holders can travel to visa-free. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free 'score'. In collaboration with the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and based on official data from their global database[5] Henley & Partners has analysed the visa regulations of the vast majority of the countries and territories in the world since 2006.[6]

2021 Henley Passport Index

2021
rank[7]		 Passport issuing country Visa-free
destinations
1 Template:Flagcountry 193
2 Template:Flagcountry 192
3 Template:Flagcountry 191
Template:Flagcountry 191
4 Template:Flagcountry 190
Template:Flagcountry 190
Template:Flagcountry 190
Template:Flagcountry 190
5 Template:Flagcountry 189
Template:Flagcountry 189
6 Template:Flagcountry 188
Template:Flagcountry 188
Template:Flagcountry 188
Template:Flagcountry 188
Template:Flagcountry 188
7 Template:Flagcountry 187
Template:Flagcountry 187
Template:Flagcountry 187
Template:Flagcountry 187
Template:Flagcountry 187
8 Template:Flagcountry 186
Template:Flagcountry 186
Template:Flagcountry 186
Template:Flagcountry 186
9 Template:Flagcountry 185
Template:Flagcountry 185
10 Template:Flagcountry 184
11 Template:Flagcountry 183
Template:Flagcountry 183
Template:Flagcountry 183
12 Template:Flagcountry 182
Template:Flagcountry 182
Template:Flagcountry 182
Template:Flagcountry 182
13 Template:Flagcountry 179
Template:Flagcountry 179
14 Template:Flagcountry 176
15 Template:Flagcountry 175
Template:Flagcountry 175
16 Template:Flagcountry 174
Template:Flagcountry 174
Template:Flagcountry 174
17 Template:Flagcountry 173
18 Template:Flagcountry 171
19 Template:Flagcountry 170
Template:Flagcountry 170
20 Template:Flagcountry 169
Template:Flagcountry 169
21 Template:Flagcountry 166
22 Template:Flagcountry 161
23 Template:Flagcountry 159
Template:Flagcountry 159
24 Template:Flagcountry 157
25 Template:Flagcountry 155
26 Template:Flagcountry 154
27 Template:Flagcountry 154
28 Template:Flagcountry 152
29 Template:Flagcountry 151
Template:Flagcountry 151
30 Template:Flagcountry 150
Template:Flagcountry 150
31 Template:Flagcountry 146
Template:Flagcountry 146
Template:Flagcountry 146
32 Template:Flagcountry 145
33 Template:Flagcountry 144
34 Template:Flagcountry 143
35 Template:Flagcountry 142
36 Template:Flagcountry 141
37 Template:Flagcountry 137
38 Template:Flagcountry 136
39 Template:Flagcountry 135
Template:Flagcountry 135
40 Template:Flagcountry 134
41 Template:Flagcountry 133
Template:Flagcountry 133
42 Template:Flagcountry 131
Template:Flagcountry 131
43 Template:Flagcountry 130
Template:Flagcountry 130
44 Template:Flagcountry 129
45 Template:Flagcountry 127
Template:Flagcountry 127
46 Template:Flagcountry 126
47 Template:Flagcountry 124
48 Template:Flagcountry 123
Template:Flagcountry 123
49 Template:Flagcountry 121
50 Template:Flagcountry 120
51 Template:Flagcountry 119
52 Template:Flagcountry 118
53 Template:Flagcountry 117
54 Template:Flagcountry 116
55 Template:Flagcountry 115
56 Template:Flagcountry 111
57 Template:Flagcountry 102
58 Template:Flagcountry 101
59 Template:Flagcountry 97
60 Template:Flagcountry 96
61 Template:Flagcountry 94
62 Template:Flagcountry 92
63 Template:Flagcountry 89
64 Template:Flagcountry 88
65 Template:Flagcountry 87
Template:Flagcountry 87
66 Template:Flagcountry 86
67 Template:Flagcountry 85
68 Template:Flagcountry 83
69 Template:Flagcountry 82
70 Template:Flagcountry 80
71 Template:Flagcountry 79
Template:Flagcountry 79
Template:Flagcountry 79
72 Template:Flagcountry 78
Template:Flagcountry 78
Template:Flagcountry 78
73 Template:Flagcountry 77
Template:Flagcountry 77
74 Template:Flagcountry 75
75 Template:Flagcountry 74
76 Template:Flagcountry 73
77 Template:Flagcountry 72
Template:Flagcountry 72
Template:Flagcountry 72
78 Template:Flagcountry 71
Template:Flagcountry 71
79 Template:Flagcountry 70
80 Template:Flagcountry 68
Template:Flagcountry 68
81 Template:Flagcountry 67
Template:Flagcountry 67
82 Template:Flagcountry 66
83 Template:Flagcountry 65
84 Template:Flagcountry 64
Template:Flagcountry 64
Template:Flagcountry 64
Template:Flagcountry 64
85 Template:Flagcountry 63
Template:Flagcountry 63
Template:Flagcountry 63
86 Template:Flagcountry 62
Template:Flagcountry 62
87 Template:Flagcountry 61
Template:Flagcountry 61
88 Template:Flagcountry 60
89 Template:Flagcountry 59
90 Template:Flagcountry 58
Template:Flagcountry 58
Template:Flagcountry 58
91 Template:Flagcountry 57
Template:Flagcountry 57
92 Template:Flagcountry 56
Template:Flagcountry 56
Template:Flagcountry 56
93 Template:Flagcountry 55
Template:Flagcountry 55
94 Template:Flagcountry 54
Template:Flagcountry 54
Template:Flagcountry 54
Template:Flagcountry 54
Template:Flagcountry 54
Template:Flagcountry 54
95 Template:Flagcountry 53
Template:Flagcountry 53
Template:Flagcountry 53
Template:Flagcountry 53
Template:Flagcountry 53
96 Template:Flagcountry 51
Template:Flagcountry 51
Template:Flagcountry 51
Template:Flagcountry 51
97 Template:Flagcountry 50
Template:Flagcountry 50
Template:Flagcountry 50
98 Template:Flagcountry 49
Template:Flagcountry 49
99 Template:Flagcountry 48
100 Template:Flagcountry 47
101 Template:Flagcountry 46
102 Template:Flagcountry 45
103 Template:Flagcountry 44
104 Template:Flagcountry 43
Template:Flagcountry 43
105 Template:Flagcountry 42
Template:Flagcountry 42
106 Template:Flagcountry 41
Template:Flagcountry 41
Template:Flagcountry 41
107 Template:Flagcountry 40
Template:Flagcountry 40
108 Template:Flagcountry 39
109 Template:Flagcountry 38
110 Template:Flagcountry 37
111 Template:Flagcountry 34
112 Template:Flagcountry 33
113 Template:Flagcountry 32
114 Template:Flagcountry 29
115 Template:Flagcountry 28
116 Template:Flagcountry 26

Definition of the Index

The Henley Passport index (HPI) ranks passports according to how many destinations can be reached using a particular country's ordinary passport without requiring a visa ('visa-free'). All distinct destination countries and territories in the IATA database are considered. However, since not all territories issue passports, there are far fewer passports ranked than destinations against which queries are made.[8]

Methodology

To determine the score for each country or territory,[9] its passport is checked against the IATA database in several steps:

1. Each of the 199 passports on the list, is checked against all 227 possible travel destinations for which travel restriction information exists in the IATA database. The score is updated throughout the year as conditions change.

2. Each query must satisfy certain conditions:

  • passport is issued in the country of nationality
  • passport holder is an adult citizen of the country which issued the passport and a lone traveller, not part of a tourist group
  • entry is sought for tourism or business
  • the stay is a minimum of three days

3. Further conditions include:

  • queries are made only for holders of normal passports rather than diplomatic, service, emergency, or temporary passports and other travel documents are disregarded
  • passport holders do not meet any complex requirements for entry (for example, possessing a government-issued letter, translations, or empty pages)
  • passport holders have all necessary vaccinations and certificates;
  • passport holders are arriving at and departing from the same airport
  • passport holders are seeking a short stay rather than a transit
  • the port of entry is a major city or capital, in cases where this is required
  • requirements by the destination country or territory regarding a particular length of validity of passports are disregarded
  • passport holders meet all basic requirements for entry (for example, holding a hotel reservation or having proof of sufficient funds or return tickets)
  • advance passenger information and advance approval to board are not considered to be a visa requirement or travel restriction, neither is the requirement to pay airport tax

It is assumed that the visa policies of Greenland and the Faroe Islands are identical to Denmark.

4. If no visa is required for passport holders from a particular country or territory to enter the destination, then that passport scores 1. [The passport also scores 1 if a visa on arrival, a visitor's permit, or an electronic travel authority (ETA) can be obtained because they do not require pre-departure government approval, perhaps because of specific visa-waiver programs in place.]

5. Where visas are needed, or where passport holders have to get government-approved electronic visas (e-Visas) before departure, a score of 0 is given. If passport holders must get government approval before leaving in order to obtain a visa on arrival, this also scores 0.

6. The score for each particular passport is then totalled by adding up its scores for all destinations.[10]

July 2021 results

As of 2021, a Japanese passport offers its holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a total of 193 countries, a Singapore passport offers its holders 192 countries, and South Korean passport and German passports each offer 191 visa-free or visa-on-arrival countries to their holders.[11] An Afghan passport has once again been labelled by the index as the least powerful passport in the world, with its nationals only able to visit 26 destinations visa-free.[12]

2006–2015

European countries are notable for their stability over the past decade, and Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, and Sweden all remain in exactly the same position as 10 years before. The 'Top 10s' were almost identical, with 30 countries in 2015, compared to 26 a decade before. While Liechtenstein dropped, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Malta, Slovakia, and South Korea all made it into the top 10.

Taiwan, Albania, the United Arab Emirates, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia all moved up more than 20 places in the Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index over the period, while the biggest drops were experienced by Guinea (−32), Liberia (−33), Sierra Leone (−35), and Bolivia (−37).

Older rankings

In the table below, the "access" columns denote the number of visa-free destinations for holders of that passport. Unless indicated otherwise, the data in this table is taken from these[7][13] sources.

Country 2020
Rank 		2020
Access 		2019
Rank 		2010
Rank 		2006
Rank
Template:Flagcountry 1 191 1 6 3
Template:Flagcountry 2 190 1 11 8
Template:Flagcountry 3 189 2 5 2
Template:Flagcountry 3 189 2 13 11
Template:Flagcountry 4 188 2 4 1
Template:Flagcountry 4 188 3 5 3
Template:Flagcountry 4 188 3 4 3
Template:Flagcountry 4 188 4 6 4
Template:Flagcountry 5 187 5 8 6
Template:Flagcountry 5 187 3 2 1
Template:Flagcountry 6 186 4 5 3
Template:Flagcountry 6 186 6 7 2
Template:Flagcountry 6 186 5 5 5
Template:Flagcountry 6 186 5 8 7
Template:Flagcountry 6 186 4 3 2
Template:Flagcountry 7 185 6 6 4
Template:Flagcountry 7 185 6 10 4
Template:Flagcountry 7 185 6 7 4
Template:Flagcountry 7 185 6 1 3
Template:Flagcountry 7 185 6 7 1
Template:Flagcountry 8 184 7 18 21
Template:Flagcountry 8 184 6 12 9
Template:Flagcountry 8 184 7 15 11
Template:Flagcountry 8 184 8 9 6
Template:Flagcountry 9 183 9 9 9
Template:Flagcountry 9 183 6 9 6
Template:Flagcountry 10 182 10 18 19
Template:Flagcountry 11 181 9 19 24
Template:Flagcountry 11 181 13 16 16
Template:Flagcountry 11 181 9 17 22
Template:Flagcountry 12 180 10 13 9
Template:Flagcountry 12 180 10 20 26
Template:Flagcountry 12 180 10 17 17
Template:Flagcountry 13 179 11 19 26
Template:Flagcountry 14 178 12 14 10
Template:Flagcountry 14 178 12 13 9
Template:Flagcountry 15 175 14 21 15
Template:Flagcountry 16 174 13 27 14
Template:Flagcountry 16 174 14 18 12
Template:Flagcountry 17 172 16 22 34
Template:Flagcountry 18 171 17 25 29
Template:Flagcountry 19 170 17 26 19
Template:Flagcountry 19 170 17 28 20
Template:Flagcountry 19 170 18 35 28
Template:Flagcountry 19 170 18 19 13
Template:Flagcountry 19 170 15 65 62
Template:Flagcountry 20 168 19 23 14
Template:Flagcountry 21 167 20 27 20
Template:Flagcountry 22 166 21 24 19
Template:Flagcountry 23 161 22 29 35
Template:Flagcountry 24 160 22 25 18
Template:Flagcountry 25 159 23 32 21
Template:Flagcountry 26 156 24 31 40
Template:Flagcountry 27 155 24 30 35
Template:Flagcountry 28 153 25 34 20
Template:Flagcountry 29 151 28 33 39
Template:Flagcountry 29 151 26 39 46
Template:Flagcountry 30 150 27 37 23
Template:Flagcountry 30 150 29 45 36
Template:Flagcountry 31 149 29 39
Template:Flagcountry 32 148 30 40 46
Template:Flagcountry 32 148 31 47 38
Template:Flagcountry 33 146 31 46 39
Template:Flagcountry 33 146 31 69 55
Template:Flagcountry 34 144 33 44 35
Template:Flagcountry 35 143 32 49 41
Template:Flagcountry 36 142 32 39 30
Template:Flagcountry 37 141 34 41 30
Template:Flagcountry 38 140 35 51 46
Template:Flagcountry 39 135 36 58 56
Template:Flagcountry 40 134 37 42 31
Template:Flagcountry 40 134 37 42 32
Template:Flagcountry 40 134 39 47 64
Template:Flagcountry 41 133 38 42 30
Template:Flagcountry 42 131 39 53 49
Template:Flagcountry 42 131 40 52 44
Template:Flagcountry 43 130 40 55 51
Template:Flagcountry 44 129 41 43 33
Template:Flagcountry 44 129 43 65 64
Template:Flagcountry 44 129 38 36 25
Template:Flagcountry 45 127 43 73 64
Template:Flagcountry 45 127 42 54 48
Template:Flagcountry 46 125 44 57 52
Template:Flagcountry 47 124 46 48
Template:Flagcountry 47 124 45 46
Template:Flagcountry 48 122 46 56 49
Template:Flagcountry 48 122 46 66 61
Template:Flagcountry 49 120 47 66
Template:Flagcountry 50 119 47 70
Template:Flagcountry 51 118 47 69
Template:Flagcountry 51 118 48 49 62
Template:Flagcountry 52 117 49 74 71
Template:Flagcountry 53 116 50 72 68
Template:Flagcountry 54 114 51 78 79
Template:Flagcountry 55 111 52 46 46
Template:Flagcountry 56 101 54 50 42
Template:Flagcountry 56 101 53 47 37
Template:Flagcountry 57 95 56 58 58
Template:Flagcountry 57 95 57 63 60
Template:Flagcountry 57 95 55 85
Template:Flagcountry 58 91 58 64 56
Template:Flagcountry 59 89 60 56 54
Template:Flagcountry 60 88 59 57 51
Template:Flagcountry 60 88 60 57 45
Template:Flagcountry 61 86 61 56 45
Template:Flagcountry 62 85 62 60 50
Template:Flagcountry 62 85 61 56 52
Template:Flagcountry 63 84 62 59 56
Template:Flagcountry 64 82 63 62 59
Template:Flagcountry 65 79 64 68 61
Template:Flagcountry 66 78 65 67 29
Template:Flagcountry 66 78 65 66 57
Template:Flagcountry 66 78 66 69 67
Template:Flagcountry 67 77 67 62 56
Template:Flagcountry 67 77 69 71 65
Template:Flagcountry 68 76 68 73 68
Template:Flagcountry 69 75 67 72 64
Template:Flagcountry 69 75 69 64 47
Template:Flagcountry 70 74 72 88 78
Template:Flagcountry 70 74 70 65 52
Template:Flagcountry 71 73 71 64 50
Template:Flagcountry 72 72 72 64 52
Template:Flagcountry 73 71 73 84 67
Template:Flagcountry 73 71 75 68 56
Template:Flagcountry 73 71 73 65 53
Template:Flagcountry 74 69 75 67 59
Template:Flagcountry 75 68 74 61 45
Template:Flagcountry 76 67 76 76 68
Template:Flagcountry 76 67 77 73 63
Template:Flagcountry 76 67 76 70 58
Template:Flagcountry 77 66 76 73
Template:Flagcountry 78 65 78 77 71
Template:Flagcountry 78 65 77 67 53
Template:Flagcountry 78 65 78 70 56
Template:Flagcountry 79 64 77 78 69
Template:Flagcountry 79 64 80 76 66
Template:Flagcountry 80 63 81 76 69
Template:Flagcountry 80 63 80 74 68
Template:Flagcountry 80 63 79 64 51
Template:Flagcountry 81 62 80 73 61
Template:Flagcountry 81 62 81 82 74
Template:Flagcountry 81 62 80 82 72
Template:Flagcountry 82 61 81 83 74
Template:Flagcountry 83 60 84 87 73
Template:Flagcountry 84 59 83 76 62
Template:Flagcountry 84 59 83 40 58
Template:Flagcountry 85 58 82 77 71
Template:Flagcountry 85 58 84 77 69
Template:Flagcountry 86 57 85 85 72
Template:Flagcountry 86 57 84 72
Template:Flagcountry 86 57 85 80 72
Template:Flagcountry 87 56 86 76 60
Template:Flagcountry 88 55 89 89 76
Template:Flagcountry 88 55 85 75 60
Template:Flagcountry 88 55 87 83 71
Template:Flagcountry 88 55 86 76 62
Template:Flagcountry 89 54 88 87 79
Template:Flagcountry 89 54 87 75 59
Template:Flagcountry 89 54 87 76 60
Template:Flagcountry 89 54 90 84 78
Template:Flagcountry 90 53 89 83 77
Template:Flagcountry 90 53 88 82
Template:Flagcountry 90 53 88 89
Template:Flagcountry 90 53 87 79 63
Template:Flagcountry 90 53 90 86 77
Template:Flagcountry 91 52 90 81 68
Template:Flagcountry 92 51 91 79 73
Template:Flagcountry 92 51 92 97 75
Template:Flagcountry 93 50 92 92 77
Template:Flagcountry 93 50 93 89 78
Template:Flagcountry 93 50 92 84
Template:Flagcountry 93 50 92 85 76
Template:Flagcountry 94 49 92 85 70
Template:Flagcountry 94 49 92 85 74
Template:Flagcountry 94 49 93 82 65
Template:Flagcountry 95 48 94 85 69
Template:Flagcountry 96 47 95 91 77
Template:Flagcountry 96 47 95 92 81
Template:Flagcountry 97 46 95 76 62
Template:Flagcountry 98 44 97 92 78
Template:Flagcountry 99 43 97
Template:Flagcountry 100 42 97 90
Template:Flagcountry 100 42 99 93 76
Template:Flagcountry 100 42 96 84 74
Template:Flagcountry 101 41 99 85 68
Template:Flagcountry 101 41 99 92 82
Template:Flagcountry 102 40 98 89
Template:Flagcountry 102 40 100 94 79
Template:Flagcountry 102 40 102 96 79
Template:Flagcountry 103 39 100 90 78
Template:Flagcountry 104 38 100 87 77
Template:Flagcountry 104 38 101 88 76
Template:Flagcountry 104 38 102 97
Template:Flagcountry 105 33 104 95 81
Template:Flagcountry 105 33 103 88 78
Template:Flagcountry 106 32 104 90 79
Template:Flagcountry 107 29 105 87 80
Template:Flagcountry 108 28 106 97 81
Template:Flagcountry 109 26 107 98 83

See also

References

  1. ↑ The world's most powerful passports, Smith, Oliver(29 February 2016). Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  2. ↑ Visa Restriction Index 2006 to 2016 2018. visaindex.com. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  3. ↑ Andrejevic, Mark and Volcic, Zala (2016). Commercial Nationalism: Selling the Nation and Nationalizing the Sell. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Template:ISBN
  4. ↑ Rights of Passage — Henley Passport Index 2018. Henley & Partners Passport Index. Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd(3 April 2018). Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  5. ↑ Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia (2015). The Cosmopolites: The Coming of the Global Citizen, pp. 70–93. Colombia Global Reports, New York. Template:ISBN
  6. ↑ The Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index 2016. henleyglobal.com. Henley & Partners. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Henley Passport Index. Henley Passport Index. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  8. ↑ Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Ideos Publications. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7
  9. ↑ Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Ideos Publications. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7
  10. ↑ Henley Passport Index 2006 to 2018. Henley & Partners Passport Index. Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  11. ↑ Henley Index: Japan tops 2020 list of world's most powerful passports. www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  12. ↑ The Most Powerful Passports In The World In 2020, Madden, Duncan. www.forbes.com(10 January 2020). Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  13. ↑ Henley Passport Global Ranking. Henley Passport Index. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
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