Jack Dorsey

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Dorsey in 2014
Born
1976-11-19 (age 50)
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.


Education
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Occupation
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Known for
Co-founding Twitter, Inc. and Block, Inc.


Jack Patrick Dorsey (born November 19, 1976)[1] is an American Internet entrepreneur, programmer, and philanthropist who is the co-founder and former CEO of Twitter, Inc., as well as the founder and principal executive officer of Block, Inc., a financial payments company.

Early life

Dorsey was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri,[2][3] the son of Tim and Marcia (née Smith) Dorsey.[4][5][6] He is of part Italian descent on his mother's side.[7] His father worked for a company that developed mass spectrometers and his mother was a homemaker.[8] He was raised Catholic, and his uncle is a Catholic priest in Cincinnati.[9] He attended Bishop DuBourg High School. In his younger days, Dorsey worked occasionally as a fashion model.[10][11][12][13][14] By age 14, Dorsey had become interested in dispatch routing. Some of the open-source software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by taxicab companies.[4] Dorsey enrolled at the University of Missouri–Rolla in 1995 and attended for two-plus years[9] before transferring to New York University in 1997, but he dropped out two years later,[15] one semester short of graduating.[9] He came up with the idea that eventually became Twitter while studying at NYU.[9][16]

While working on dispatching as a programmer, Dorsey moved to California.[17][18] In 2000, Dorsey started his company in Oakland to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web.[19] His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service market".[19] In July 2000, building on dispatching[4] and inspired in part by LiveJournal and by AOL Instant Messenger, he had the idea for a Web-based realtime status/short message communication service.[19]

When he first saw implementations of instant messaging, Dorsey wondered whether the software's user status output could be shared easily among friends.[4] He approached Odeo, which at the time happened to be interested in text messaging.[4] Dorsey and Biz Stone decided that SMS text suited the status-message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks.[4] The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from Evan Williams,[4] a co-founder of that firm in 2005 who had left Google after selling Pyra Labs and Blogger.

Career

Twitter

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Dorsey in 2008

Evan Williams, Biz Stone and Noah Glass co-founded Obvious Corporation, which then spun off Twitter, Inc., with Dorsey as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO).[4][20] As CEO, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by venture capitalists.[21] He reportedly lost his position for leaving work early to enjoy other pursuits, such as yoga and fashion design.[22]

As the service began to grow in popularity, Dorsey chose the improvement of uptime as top priority,[23] even over creating revenue—which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn.[24] Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could lead to paid features.[24] His three guiding principles, which he says the company shares, are simplicity, constraint, and craftsmanship.[24]

On October 16, 2008,[25] Williams took over as CEO, while Dorsey became chairman of the board.[26][27] During his time as chairman, Dorsey joined several State Department delegations, including a trip to Iraq in April 2009, led by Jared Cohen.[28][29][30] In November, when Iranians took to the streets in the Green Revolution, Twitter was scheduled to conduct maintenance of its site, which would entail temporarily shutting down Twitter's servers. Dorsey responded to a request from Cohen to delay the maintenance so that it would not affect the revolution in Iran, because Iranians were using Twitter to communicate and coordinate.[31] Since President Obama had announced that there would be no meddling in Iran, the move sparked controversy.[32][33][34] In February 2010, Dorsey was part of another State Department delegation, this time to Russia.[35][36] On March 28, 2011, he returned to Twitter as executive chairman after Dick Costolo replaced Williams as CEO.[37] On June 10, 2015, Costolo announced his resignation as CEO, effective July 1, 2015. Dorsey assumed the post of interim CEO upon Costolo's departure.[38] He was named permanent CEO on October 5, 2015.[39] On the day after the controversy about Twitter's new algorithms for tweets, Dorsey said it was a hoax.[40]

Dorsey and President Barack Obama at Twitter Town Hall in July 2011

In May 2016, Dorsey announced that Twitter would not count photos and links in the 140-character limit to free up more space for text. This was an attempt to entice new users, since the number of tweets per day had dropped to about 300 million in January 2016 from about 500 million in September 2013 and its peak of 661 million in August 2014.[41]

On November 22, 2016, Dorsey was briefly suspended from his own Twitter account with 3.9 million followers. After restoring the account, Dorsey tweeted that the suspension was due to an "internal mistake".[42]

In February 2017, Dorsey and Executive Chairman Omid Kordestani matched a $530,000 donation to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) raised by Twitter staffers. Their match brought the total donation to $1.59 million.[43]

In March 2018, Dorsey announced that an improved version of the verification system would be coming to Twitter. The purpose of redesigning verification was to let people verify more facts about themselves, emphasizing proof of identity.[44] The overhaul was not in place before the U.S midterm election of 2018 to help in verifying the identities of the candidates.[45]

In September 2018, Dorsey testified before the Senate Intelligence Committee alongside Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg about meddling in the 2016 presidential election. Following this testimony, Twitter shares fell six percent.[46]

President Donald Trump with Dorsey in the Oval Office of the White House on April 23, 2019

Dorsey met privately with U.S. President Donald Trump at the White House and discussed Trump's concerns that Twitter had limited or removed some of his Twitter followers, and those of conservatives. After the meeting, Dorsey tweeted that their discussion included making Twitter "healthier and more civil".[47] A week earlier, Dorsey took part in a TED talk about the social media platform's spread of abuse and misinformation, which has brought him criticism.[48]

On August 30, 2019, Dorsey's personal Twitter account was allegedly breached for nearly an hour by a group calling itself the Chuckling Squad, posting and retweeting numerous racist tweets.[49][50]

On October 23, 2019, Twitter's stock price fell by nearly 24 percent, from $38.83 to $30.75. The reason was an earnings miss off a third quarter report, which Twitter blamed on ad targeting problems. Dorsey had been making a concerted effort to dampen the effect that Twitter had on political elections, which entailed banning all political ads. This was also seen as a large contributor to the drop. Dorsey announced that, as of November 22, 2019, Twitter would ban all political advertising. The policy applies globally to all marketing campaigns about political issues.[51]

On February 29, 2020, it was announced[52] that activist hedge fund Elliott Management led by billionaire Paul Singer was looking to oust Dorsey and nominate four directors to Twitter's board, including Elliott's senior portfolio manager Jesse Cohn.[53] Dorsey received support from entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, among others.[54] The two parties reached an agreement days later, with Dorsey remaining CEO.[55][56]

In October 2020, Dorsey was one of several tech firm CEOs subpoenaed by the US Senate Commerce Committee. Republican Roger Wicker, who chairs the committee, led the charge to force the CEOs of Twitter, Facebook and Google to testify about the legal immunity the tech platforms receive under Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1996.[57]

He announced his departure from the role of Twitter's CEO on November 29, 2021. His resignation was effective immediately. Dorsey was replaced by the company's former CTO Parag Agrawal, who took over as CEO effective immediately. Dorsey will continue to lead as the CEO of Block, Inc.[58][59][60] In May 2022, Dorsey left the board of directors of the social network.[61]

Block

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Dorsey in 2018

Dorsey, along with co-founder Jim McKelvey, developed a small business platform to accept debit and credit card payments on a mobile device called Square, released in May 2010. The small, square-shaped device attaches to iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, or Android devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader, allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to transfer to the recipient and then sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a system for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android OS.[62][63] The company grew from 10 employees in December 2009[64] to over 100 by June 2011. Square's office is on Market Street in San Francisco.[65] In September 2012, Business Insider magazine valued Square Inc. at US$3.2 billion.[66] Dorsey is CEO of Square, Inc.[67] On October 14, 2015, Square filed for an IPO to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange.[68] As of that date, Dorsey owned 24.4 percent of the company.[69] In March 2020 the FDIC permitted Square to open a bank. It announced plans to launch Square Financial Services in 2021.[70]

In May 2020, Dorsey announced that employees for Square would permanently become remote workers.[71]

In 2020, Square began withholding for months up to 30 percent of the funds that merchants collected from customers using its Cash App.[72]

On December 1, 2021, CEO Jack Dorsey officially changed the name of the platform to Block, Inc. This was due in part to his interest in the blockchain as well as the new name encompassing the various businesses better than the current name, which is mostly associated with its merchant-payment services. The stock ticker for Block, Inc. would remain "SQ".[73]

Other projects

In 2013, Dorsey expressed to CNN an admiration for Michael Bloomberg,[74] and said that he aspires to become mayor of New York City.[74] He served as a judge for Bloomberg's NYC BigApps competition in 2011.[75]

Dorsey was announced as a new member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company on December 24, 2013.[76] In January 2018, it was reported that Dorsey would not seek reelection at Disney's March annual meeting, due to increased difficulty with conflicts of interest.[77]

Dorsey is a board member of the Berggruen Institute's Governance Center.[78] Dorsey gives advice in a chapter of Tim Ferriss' book Tools of Titans.[79][80][81]

Dorsey is a vocal Bitcoin advocate, and has spoken at Bitcoin conferences such as "The B Word". He has said that if he were not working on Twitter and Square, he would be working on Bitcoin.[82]

Personal life

In 2012, Dorsey moved to the Sea Cliff neighborhood of San Francisco.[83]

Meditation

In 2015, Dorsey said he began his mornings with meditation.[84] In late 2017, Dorsey completed ten days of meditation known as Vipassanā taught by followers of S. N. Goenka.[85][86] In November 2018, Dorsey went on a birthday Vipassanā meditation trip to Myanmar.[87]

Politics

In 2019, Dorsey contributed financially to the campaigns of Democratic 2020 presidential candidates Tulsi Gabbard and Andrew Yang.[88]

In 2020, he donated $15 million to 29 mayors pursuing the piloting of guaranteed basic income programs in the United States.[89]

Until 2021, Dorsey applied "world leader" exceptions that enabled President Donald Trump to post content on Twitter that would normally be removed or generate sanctions per the platform's rules. In May 2020, some of Trump's tweets received warning labels, and from Election Day in November 2020, more flaggings were applied to his tweets.[90] On January 6, 2021, after pro-Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol, Twitter applied a 12-hour timeout to Trump's account for violating its Civic Integrity policy. Trump's account was suspended permanently on January 8.[91] On January 14, Dorsey defended banning Trump, but also said it "sets a precedent I feel is dangerous."[92]

Philanthropic and other donations

In March 2016, Dorsey fully funded about 600 Missouri public school projects registered at DonorsChoose.[93]

In October 2019, Dorsey donated $350,000 to #TeamTrees, a nonprofit started by YouTuber MrBeast that pledged to plant 20 million trees by the end of 2019.[94][95]

On April 7, 2020, Dorsey announced that he will move about $1 billion of his equity in Square, Inc., just under a third of his total wealth, to Start Small, LLC, and to relief programs related to the coronavirus.[96][97] He committed to funding COVID-19 relief, girls' education and health, and universal basic income.[98] Dorsey has donated $24 million to over 40 different grantees for relief efforts.[99]

In August 2020, Dorsey donated $10 million to Boston University's Center for Antiracist Research, founded by Ibram X. Kendi.[100]

In May 2021, he donated $15 million in his personal capacity to support relief efforts in India's COVID-19 second wave. The three NGOs were Care ($10 million), Aid India ($2.5 million), and Sewa International ($2.5 million).[101]

Awards and recognition

  • In 2008, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.[102]
  • In 2012, The Wall Street Journal gave him the "Innovator of the Year Award" for technology.[103][104]
  • At the 5th Annual Crunchies Awards in 2012, hosted by TechCrunch, Dorsey was named Founder of the Year.[105]
  • In 2013, he was considered by Forbes the world's most eligible bachelor.[106]
  • Dorsey was ranked by Fox Business as the #4 Worst CEO of 2016, citing stagnant growth, falling stock prices, and his part-time commitment to Twitter.[107]
  • In 2017, 24/7 Wall St. listed Dorsey among the 2017 Worst CEOs in America.[108][109]

References

  1. ↑ Who is Jack Dorsey, co-founder of Twitter, Square?. Atlanta Journal Constitution(May 9, 2019).
  2. ↑ Profile Twitter founders: Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone and Evan Williams. The Telegraph(29 January 2009). Retrieved January 14, 2014.Template:Cbignore
  3. ↑ Taste of St. Louis first major event to use Square. St. Louis Post-Dispatch(September 29, 2010). Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Twitter Founders Thrive on Micro-Blogging Constraints. MediaShift(May 17, 2007). Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  5. ↑ Jack Dorsey, creador de twitter: 'En 140 caracteres la gente se siente más libre al escribir', Chernin, Andrew. La Tercera. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  6. ↑ Twitter creator keeps it quiet and quirky. St. Louis Post-Dispatch(November 26, 2009). Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  7. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  8. ↑ The youngest billionaires on the Forbes 400: 11 under 40. Yahoo! Finance(September 30, 2014). Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Native son sets St. Louis atwitter. St. Louis Post-Dispatch(November 15, 2009). Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  10. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
  11. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
  12. ↑ I read Gray's Anatomy, Dorsey, Jack. Flickr(July 13, 2006).
  13. ↑ Noele took pictures of me, Dorsey, Jack. Flickr(July 13, 2006).
  14. ↑ Who needs a nosering?, Dorsey, Jack. Flickr(July 13, 2006).
  15. ↑ 12 of the most successful entrepreneurs who dropped out of college. Mashable(September 22, 2016). Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  16. ↑ When Jack Dorsey Met Fred Wilson, And Other Twitter Tales (Book Excerpt). TechCrunch(April 27, 2010). Retrieved September 23, 2018.
  17. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  18. ↑ To be clear: I didn't attend Cornell (and didn't invent Twitter there).. Twitter(April 8, 2009). Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 twttr sketch. Yahoo!(March 24, 2006). Retrieved November 7, 2008.
  20. ↑ Executive of the Year: Jack Dorsey. San Francisco Business Times(December 23, 2011). Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  21. ↑ Twitter Sidelines One Founder and Promotes Another. The New York Times(October 16, 2008). Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  22. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  23. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey: Improved Uptime Is Top Priority. InformationWeek(June 24, 2008). Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey Talks About Its Business Model. InformationWeek(June 24, 2008). Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  25. ↑ Popularity or Income? Two Sites Fight It Out. The New York Times(October 20, 2008). Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  26. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey steps down. CNET News(October 16, 2008). Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  27. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  28. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  29. ↑ Founder of Twitter sent to save Iraq. The Telegraph. Retrieved October 24, 2020.Template:Cbignore
  30. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  31. ↑ Evaluating Iran's Twitter Revolution. The Atlantic. The Atlantic(June 18, 2010). Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  32. ↑ Washington Taps Into a Potent New Force in Diplomacy (Published 2009). The New York Times(June 16, 2009). Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  33. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  34. ↑ Will the Revolution be Tweeted?. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  35. ↑ Washington Sends Delegation to Moscow, via Silicon Valley (Published 2010). The New York Times(February 23, 2010). Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  36. ↑ Getting punk'd in Russia. Fortune. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  37. ↑ Jack Dorsey Officially Returns to Twitter. Mashable(March 28, 2011). Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  38. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  39. ↑ Twitter Names Jack Dorsey CEO. The Wall Street Journal(October 5, 2015). Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  40. ↑ Jack on Twitter. Twitter. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  41. ↑ Jack Dorsey is moving too slowly to save Twitter. Business Insider. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
  42. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey's Account Briefly Suspended, Seetherman, Deepa. Wall Street Journal(November 22, 2016). Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  43. ↑ Twitter staff donate $1.59M to the ACLU to fight Trump on immigration, Russell, Jon. TechCrunch(February 1, 2017). Retrieved April 11, 2017.
  44. ↑ Twitter Wants to Open Verification to All Users. Fortune(March 9, 2018). Retrieved March 9, 2018.
  45. ↑ Jack Dorsey pledges Twitter will improve blue check mark verification system. USA Today(March 8, 2018). Retrieved March 9, 2018.
  46. ↑ Twitter shares fall 6% as CEO Jack Dorsey testifies before Senate. CNBC(September 5, 2018). Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  47. ↑ Trump met with Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey – and complained about his follower count. The Washington Post(April 23, 2019). Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  48. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  49. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorseys Account Hacked. The Globe and Mail(August 30, 2019). Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  50. ↑ Twitter's Jack Dorsey has his own account hacked. BBC News(August 31, 2019). Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  51. ↑ Twitter to ban all political advertising, raising pressure on Facebook. The Guardian(October 30, 2019). Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  52. ↑ Twitter: CEO Jack Dorsey At Risk From Activist Investor – Bloomberg. Bloomberg News(February 29, 2020). Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  53. ↑ Twitter Is Gaining Because an Activist Investor Just Put a Floor Under the Stock, English, Carleton. www.barrons.com(March 9, 2020). Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  54. ↑ Vitalik Buterin joins Elon Musk in backing Jack Dorsey as Twitter CEO. Invezz(March 6, 2020). Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  55. ↑ Jack Dorsey bought himself more time as Twitter CEO, but it might not matter, Newton, Casey. The Verge(March 10, 2020). Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  56. ↑ Jack Dorsey Stays Twitter CEO After Company Reaches Agreement With Elliott Management, English, Carleton. www.barrons.com(March 9, 2020). Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  57. ↑ Senate committee votes to subpoena CEOs of Facebook, Google and Twitter to testify, Feiner, Lauren. CNBC(October 1, 2020). Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  58. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey hands reins to technology chief Agrawal. Reuters(2021-11-29). Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  59. ↑ Twitter CTO Parag Agrawal will replace Jack Dorsey as CEO, Feiner, Lauren. CNBC(November 29, 2021). Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  60. ↑ Twitter CTO Parag Agrawal will replace Jack Dorsey as CEO, Feiner, Jessica Bursztynsky,Lauren. CNBC(2021-11-29). Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  61. ↑ Jack Dorsey Leaves Twitter's Board of Directors, Mihalcik, Carrie. CNET(May 25, 2022). Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  62. ↑ Square. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  63. ↑ Jack Dorsey: The man with two brains. Fortune(June 2, 2011). Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  64. ↑ CH+D Office Space: Square in San Francisco's Chronicle Building, Pollock, Jennifer. California Home + Design(June 30, 2011). Retrieved September 19, 2011.
  65. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  66. ↑ THE DIGITAL 100: The World's Most Valuable Private Tech Companies. Business Insider(October 3, 2012). Retrieved October 4, 2012.
  67. ↑ Jack Dorsey Looks to Simplify Commerce With Square. WWD(January 16, 2014). Retrieved January 16, 2014.
  68. ↑ Square Files for IPO as CEO Dorsey Juggles Twitter Revamp. Bloomberg.com(October 14, 2015). Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  69. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  70. ↑ Square Gets The Nod To Operate A Bank. Forbes(March 18, 2020). Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  71. ↑ After Announcing Twitter's Permanent Remote-Work Policy, Jack Dorsey Extends Same Courtesy To Square Employees. Forbes(May 19, 2020).
  72. ↑ Square, Jack Dorsey's Pay Service, Is Withholding Money Merchants Say They Need. Respect Investment(June 23, 2020). Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  73. ↑ Square Changes Name to Block, Days After CEO Jack Dorsey Leaves Twitter. Wall Street Journal(2021-12-01). Retrieved 2021-12-02.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Jack Dorsey on his desire to be mayor of New York City, Steve Jobs, and being a bachelor. CNN(March 21, 2013). Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  75. ↑ Mayor Bloomberg Announces Winners of NYC BigApps 2.0 Competition. NYC.gov(March 31, 2011). Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  76. ↑ Jack Dorsey Joins Disney's Board Of Directors. AOL Inc(December 24, 2013). Retrieved December 25, 2013.
  77. ↑ Sheryl Sandberg, Jack Dorsey to Leave Disney's Board(January 12, 2018). Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  78. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named auto
  79. ↑ Tool Guide. Tools of Titans. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  80. ↑ Jack Dorsey says the best investment he ever made cost him nothing. CNBC(January 19, 2017). Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  81. ↑ I woke up at 5 am and walked 5.3 miles to work like Jack Dorsey for a week—and I'll never do it again. CNBC(February 21, 2019). Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  82. ↑ Jack Dorsey on bitcoin: 'I don't think there is anything more important in my lifetime to work on'. CNBC(June 4, 2021). Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  83. ↑ We Hear Twitter Cofounder Jack Dorsey Now Lives In A $10 Million House. Business Insider(June 18, 2012). Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  84. ↑ Twitter founder Jack Dorsey practices Vipassana in this Indian guru's ashram. Business Today(January 3, 2018). Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  85. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey tried the meditation craze that requires no sex, drugs, or talking for 10 days. Business Insider(January 3, 2018). Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  86. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey criticised for 'tone deaf' Myanmar tweets. BBC News(December 9, 2018).
  87. ↑ Why Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey practiced this 'extremely painful' ancient meditation technique for his birthday. CNBC(December 13, 2018). Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  88. ↑ Twitter's Jack Dorsey Donated $5,600 To Tulsi Gabbard. BuzzFeed News(July 16, 2019). Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  89. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  90. ↑ Trump will lose his 'world leader' Twitter privileges on January 20, Jack Dorsey confirms — meaning he could get banned just like everyone else. Business Insider(November 18, 2020). Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  91. ↑ Twitter permanently bans Trump. The Verge(January 8, 2021). Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  92. ↑ Twitter boss: Trump ban is 'right' but 'dangerous'. bbc.com(January 14, 2021).
  93. ↑ Classroom wishes come true at hundreds of Missouri schools, thanks to Jack Dorsey. St. Louis Post-Dispatch(March 11, 2016). Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  94. ↑ Help Us Plant 20 Million Trees – Join #TeamTrees. teamtrees.org. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
  95. ↑ The CEO of Twitter just planted 150,000 trees!!!!! AM I DREAMING?? :))))))pic.twitter.com/8CrSQlCvIr, MrBeast. @MrBeastYT(2019-10-29). Retrieved 2019-10-30.
  96. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
  97. ↑ Jack Dorsey, Bill Gates And At Least 75 Other Billionaires Donating To Pandemic Relief, Cuccinello, Hayley C.. Forbes. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
  98. ↑ Jack Dorsey Vows to Donate $1 Billion to Fight the Coronavirus. The New York Times(April 7, 2020). Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  99. ↑ Top 10 Highest Private Donations By Billionaires For COVID-19 Relief, Gandhi, Jamila. Forbes Middle East(May 12, 2020). Retrieved 2020-05-17.
  100. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey donates $10 million to Ibram X. Kendi's center on antiracism at Boston University(August 21, 2020). Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  101. ↑ Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey's aid to RSS-linked NGO sparks row | Chennai News – Times of India. The Times of India(May 12, 2021). Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  102. ↑ TR35 Young Innovator. Technology Review. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  103. ↑ Innovator of the Year Awards. WSJ. Magazine. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  104. ↑ Columbia to host Square and Twitter Founder Jack Dorsey on September 16. Columbia College. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  105. ↑ Founder of the Year: Jack Dorsey (Square, Twitter). TechCrunch. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  106. ↑ The World's 12 Most Eligible Billionaire Bachelors. Forbes(March 6, 2013). Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  107. ↑ The Worst CEOs of 2016. Fox Business(December 21, 2016). Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  108. ↑ 20 Worst CEOs in America 2017. 247wallst.com. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  109. ↑ Under Armour founder Kevin Plank lands on a 'Worst CEOs' list. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 16, 2018.

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