M. G. Ramachandran filmography

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The portrait of young M. G. Ramachandran

M. G. Ramachandran (11 January 1917 – 23 December 1987),[1] popularly known by his initials MGR,[2]Template:Sfn was an Indian actor, film director and film producer who had an extensive career primarily in Tamil language films. He was called Chinnavar in film industry. After starring in numerous commercially successful films from the 1950s to the early 1970s, he has continued to hold a matinée idol status in Tamil Nadu.[2] Ramachandran made his debut in Ellis R. Dungan's 1936 film Sathi Leelavathi, where he played a police inspector.Template:Sfnm[3] He followed it with a string of minor appearances and supporting roles in many films, notably Ashok Kumar (1941), where he played the general of emperor Ashoka's army,Template:Sfn and as a captain in Dungan's Meera (1945).[4]

Ramachandran's breakthrough came with his first lead role in A. S. A. Sami's swashbuckler film Rajakumari (1947) where he played a villager who marries a princess.[5][6] Based on the Arabian Nights, Rajakumari was a commercially successful venture.[7] He established himself as an action hero akin to Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks in Tamil cinema with Manthiri Kumari (1950) and Marmayogi (1951).Template:Sfnm[8] Both films had political undertones which earned Ramachandran a Robin Hood persona of being a champion for the downtrodden.[9] His performance as the caring brother Rajendran who tries to keep his family together in En Thangai (1952) earned him critical acclaim.[10] In 1953, he made his debut in Malayalam films opposite B. S. Saroja in Genova.[11] Ramachandran continued to play roles which enabled him to adopt his ideas of fighting injustice meted out to the poor such as an outlaw in Malaikkallan (1954), and Nadodi Mannan (1958).[2][9] In the latter, he featured in dual roles, as a king and a commoner, for the first time in his career.Template:Sfn[12] Both Malaikkallan and Nadodi Mannan were commercially successful,[13] becoming the highest-grossing films of their respective release years.[2][14] In addition to social dramas, Ramachandran received positive feedback and commercial success for swashbuckler films such as Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956), the first South Indian full-length colour film,Template:Sfn[15] Madurai Veeran (1956),Template:Sfn Chakravarthi Thirumagal and Mahadevi (both released in 1957).[2][16][17]

M. G. Ramachandran looking towards his left
M. G. Ramachandran in Mohini (1948)

According to Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen in the book Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, the success of Ramachandran's 1961 film Thirudathe, marked a beginning of transition to roles that had "a contemporary setting". He often played "a saintly member of an oppressed class".Template:Sfn[6] The act of showering love and affection for his family members was a recurring theme in his films during this period.[18] The films he appeared in during the 1960s played a crucial part in his subsequent career as a politician.Template:Sfn The 1963 comedy-drama film Periya Idathu Penn had him play a farmer who seeks revenge from his village's zamindar.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn The following year, he appeared in Thozhilali as a bus conductor who exposes the fraudulent methods of a rival bus company, and in Padagotti as a fisherman who resolves to end the dispute between two fishing communities.[18][19] In 1965, he collaborated with Tapi Chanakya in Enga Veettu Pillai, where he featured as twins of opposite natures, one a coward and the other courageous.

He also featured in B. R. Panthulu's Aayirathil Oruvan the same year as a doctor who joins, and later becomes the leader of, a rebellion against a dictator.Template:Sfn[20] Both the films were major commercial successes.[2] The romantic comedy Anbe Vaa (1966), where Ramachandran played an industrialist and was his only film under AVM Productions, is considered an antithesis of the roles he was doing during this period and was also commercially successful.[21][22] He continued to achieve success at the box-office with films like Arasa Kattalai and Kaavalkaaran (both released in 1967),[2][23] also garnering acclaim for the latter.[20][24] Ramachandran's portrayal of twins, a club dancer and a criminal, who are separated as children in Kudiyirundha Koyil (1968) garnered him the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor.[20][25] In 1969, he appeared as a prince who brings down a tyrant who usurps his throne and mistreats his people in K. Shankar's Adimai Penn, and as a government clerk who masquerades as a billionaire to defeat the corrupt trio of a doctor, a builder and a merchant in Nam Naadu.[2]Template:Sfnm The former won him the Best Film at the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.[24]

Ramachandran began the 1970s with roles in such social dramas as Mattukkara Velan and Engal Thangam (both released in 1970), both of which enjoyed commercial success.[6]Template:Sfn The following year, he received the National Film Award for Best Actor for his role as a cycle rickshaw driver in Rickshawkaran, making it the first film and him the first actor from South Indian cinema to win the award.[26] It went on to become the highest-grossing film of the year.[2] He then directed and produced the science fiction film Ulagam Sutrum Valiban (1973) where he also starred in dual roles as brothers, a scientist and a CBI officer. It became his most commercially successful film to that point.[2]Template:Sfn Ramachandran retired from filmmaking in 1978 to take up his duties as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu; his last venture, entitled Madhuraiyai Meetta Sundharapandiyan, was a commercial failure.[6][27]

Films

  • All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.
Year Film Role(s) Notes Template:Tooltip
1936 Sathi Leelavathi Rangaiah Naidu [3]
[28]
Iru Sahodarargal Masthaan Credited as G. Ramachandran [28]
1938 Dakshayagnam Vishnu [6]
[29]
Veera Jagathis Baiyan [6]
Template:Sfn
1939 Maya Machhindra Sooryakethu Credited as Ramachandar [6]
[30]
Prahalada Indra [31]
1941 Vedavathi Alladhu Seetha Jananam Indrajith [6]
[32]
Ashok Kumar Mahendran Credited as M. G. Ramachandar Template:Sfn
[33]
1942 Tamizhariyum Perumal Guest appearance [6]
1943 Dhaasippen Shiva The film had two alternative titles: Jyothi Malar and Thumbhai Mahatmyam [34]
1944 Harischandra Sathyakeerthi [35]
[36]
1945 Saalivaahanan Vikramaditya [37]
Meera Jayamal [4]
[38]
1946 Sri Murugan Shiva [39]
1947 Rajakumari Mohan [6]
[7]
Paithiyakkaran Moorthy [6]
[40]
1948 Abhimanyu Arjuna Credited as M. G. Ramachandar [41]
Raja Mukthi Mahendra Varman [6]
[42]
[43]
Mohini Vijayakumar Credited as M. G. Ramachandar [6]
1949 Ratnakumar Baladevan [6]
1950 Maruthanad Elavarasee Kandeeban [6]
Manthiri Kumari Veeramohan Template:Sfn
[44]
1951 Marmayogi

Ek Tha Raja

Karikalan Marmayogi made in Hindi as Ek Tha Raja [8]
Template:Sfn
Sarvadhikari Prathapan [6]
1952 Andhaman Kaidhi Nataraj Template:Sfn
Kumari Vijayan [6]
En Thangai Rajendran [6]
1953 Naam Kumaran Also producer [45]
[46]
Panakkaari Sundar [6]
Genova Cipresso Malayalam film
Also made in Tamil with the same title 		[11]
[47]
1954 Malaikkallan Kumaraveeran (Malaikkallan) (Abdul Rahim)Template:Efn Template:Sfn
Koondukkili Thangaraj [6]
1955 Gulebakavali Dasan [6]
1956 Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum Ali Baba First full-length colour film of South India Template:Sfn
Madurai Veeran Madurai Veeran Template:Sfn
Thaikkupin Tharam Muthaiyan [6]
1957 Chakravarthi Thirumagal Udhayasuriyan [6]
Template:Sfn
Raja Rajan Rajan [6]
Pudhumai Pithan Jeevagan [6]
Mahadevi Vallavan [17]
1958 Nadodi Mannan Marthandan, VeeranganTemplate:Efn Also director and producer Template:Sfn
1959 Thaai Magalukku Kattiya Thaali Kanagu [6]
1960 Baghdad Thirudan Abu [6]
Raja Desingu Tej Singh alias Desingu, Dawood KhanTemplate:Efn [48]
Mannathi Mannan Manivannan [6]
1961 Arasilankumari Arivazhagan, GunasekaranTemplate:Efn Template:Sfn
Thirudathe Balu [6]
Sabaash Mapillai Vasu [6]
Nallavan Vazhvan Muthu [6]
Thai Sollai Thattathe Raju [49]
1962 Rani Samyuktha Prithviraj Chauhan [50]
Madappura Ramu [6]
Thayai Katha Thanayan Sekar [6]
Kudumba Thalaivan Vasu [6]
Paasam Gopi [6]
Vikramaadhithan Vikramaditya [6]
1963 Panathottam Selvam [6]
Koduthu Vaithaval Selvam [6]
Dharmam Thalai Kaakkum Chandran [51]
Kalai Arasi Mohan, AlienTemplate:Efn 'First Indian Film' to feature 'Aliens' [52]
[53]
Periya Idathu Penn Murugappan Template:Sfn
Anandha Jodhi Anand [6]
Neethikkupin Paasam Gopal [6]
Kaanchi Thalaivan Narasimha Pallavan (Mamallan)Template:Efn [54]
Parisu Venu [6]
1964 Vettaikkaran Babu [55]
En Kadamai Inspector Nathan [6]
Panakkara Kudumbam Nallathambi [6]
Deiva Thai Maran [56]
Thozhilali Raju [6]
Padagotti Manickam [19]
Thayin Madiyil Raja [6]
1965 Enga Veettu Pillai Ilango, RamuTemplate:Efn [6]
Panam Padaithavan Raja [6]
Aayirathil Oruvan Manimaran Template:Sfn
Kalangarai Vilakkam Ravi [6]
Kanni Thai Saravanan [6]
Thazhampoo Durai [6]
Aasai Mugam Manohar, VajraveluTemplate:Efn [6]
1966 Anbe Vaa J. B. (Balu)Template:Efn [21]
Naan Aanaiyittal Pandiyan [6]
Muharasi Ramu [6]
Nadodi Thyagu [57]
Chandrodayam Chandran [58]
Thaali Bhagyam Murugan [6]
Thanippiravi Muthaiah [59]
Parakkum Pavai Jeeva [60]
Petralthan Pillaiya Anandhan [61]
1967 Thaikku Thalaimagan Marudhu [6]
Template:Sfn
Arasa Kattalai Vijayan [62]
Kaavalkaaran Mani [6]
Vivasaayee Muthaiah [6]
1968 Ragasiya Police 115 Ramu [6]
Ther Thiruvizha Saravanan, HimselfTemplate:Efn [6]
[63]
Kudiyirundha Koyil Anand, Sekar (Babu)Template:Efn Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor [6]
[24]
[64]
Kannan En Kadhalan Kannan [6]
Puthiya Bhoomi Katheeravan Template:Sfn
Kanavan Valaiyan Template:Sfn
Oli Vilakku Muthu 100th Film [65]
Kadhal Vaaganam Sundaram [6]
[66]
1969 Adimai Penn Vengaiya Malaiyan, VengaiyyanTemplate:Efn Also producer
Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film 		[24]
Template:Sfn
[67]
Nam Naadu Durai Template:Sfn
1970 Mattukkara Velan Velan, RaghuTemplate:Efn Template:Sfn
[68]
En Annan Rangan [6]
Thalaivan Ilango [6]
[69]
Thedi Vandha Mappillai Shankar [6]
Engal Thangam Thangam, HimselfTemplate:Efn Template:Sfn
1971 Kumari Kottam Gopal [6]
Rickshawkaran Selvam National Film Award for Best Actor [6]
[24]
Neerum Neruppum Manivannan, KarikalanTemplate:Efn [6]
Oru Thai Makkal Kannan [6]
1972 Sange Muzhangu Murugan [6]
Nalla Neram Raju [6]
Raman Thediya Seethai Raman [6]
Naan Yen Pirandhen Kannan [6]
Annamitta Kai Durairaj [6]
Idhaya Veenai Sundaram [6]
1973 Ulagam Sutrum Valiban Raju, MuruganTemplate:Efn Also director and producer Template:Sfn
[70]
Pattikaattu Ponnaiya Ponnaiah, MuthaiahTemplate:Efn [6]
1974 Netru Indru Naalai Rathnam (Manickam), KumarTemplate:Efn [6]
[71]
Urimaikural Gopi [6]
Sirithu Vazha Vendum Ramu, RahmanTemplate:Efn [6]
Template:Sfn
1975 Ninaithadhai Mudippavan Sundaram, Ranjith KumarTemplate:Efn [72]
Naalai Namadhe Shankar, VijayTemplate:Efn [6]
Idhayakkani Mohan [73]
Pallandu Vaazhga Rajan [74]
1976 Needhikku Thalaivanangu Vijay [75]
Uzhaikkum Karangal Ranga [6]
Oorukku Uzhaippavan Selvam, KumarTemplate:Efn [6]
1977 Navarathinam Thangam [6]
Indru Pol Endrum Vaazhga Murugan [6]
Meenava Nanban Kumaran [6]
1978 Madhuraiyai Meetta Sundharapandiyan Sundarapandian Also director [6]
1990 Avasara Police 100 Raju Posthumous release. Archive footage of Ramachandran's unfinished film Anna Nee En Deivam used. [6]
[76]
[77]
1991 Nallathai Naadu Kekum Jeeva Posthumous release. Archive footage of Ramachandran's unfinished film of the same name used. [76]
[78]

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

  1. ↑ Magical "MGR" Charisma of Kandy- Born Actor-Politico M.G.Ramachandran., Jeyaraj, D. B. S.. DBSJeyaraj.com(26 January 2017). Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 MGR's centenary: The man who dominated Tamil films for 3 decades. Hindustan Times(17 January 2017). Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tunes and trivia. The Hindu(24 September 2012). Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Meera 1945. The Hindu(28 March 2008). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  5. ↑ MGR Remembered, Part 1, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(12 December 2012). Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.36 6.37 6.38 6.39 6.40 6.41 6.42 6.43 6.44 6.45 6.46 6.47 6.48 6.49 6.50 6.51 6.52 6.53 6.54 6.55 6.56 6.57 6.58 6.59 6.60 6.61 6.62 6.63 6.64 6.65 6.66 6.67 6.68 6.69 6.70 6.71 6.72 6.73 6.74 6.75 6.76 6.77 6.78 6.79 6.80 6.81 6.82 6.83 6.84 6.85 6.86 சாதனைகள் படைத்த தமிழ்த் திரைப்பட வரலாறு – புரட்சி நடிகர் நடித்த திரைப்படங்கள்{{#if:Film News Anandan|, Film News Anandan}. Sivakami Publishers(23 October 2004)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Rajakumari 1947. The Hindu(5 September 2008). Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Marmayogi 1951. The Hindu(14 March 2008). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jayalalithaa: Tamil Nadu's mercurial pharaoh. Business Standard(6 December 2016). Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  10. ↑ En Thangai 1952. The Hindu(28 November 2008). Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Genova 1953. The Hindu(5 April 2010). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  12. ↑ நாடோடி மன்னன் பற்றி எம்.ஜி.ஆர்.{{#if:Film News Anandan|, Film News Anandan}. Sivakami Publishers(23 October 2004)
  13. ↑ MGR Remembered – Part 25, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(6 March 2015). Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  14. ↑ எம்ஜிஆர் 100 – 26 - படம் ஓடினால் மன்னன், ஓடாவிட்டால் நாடோடி!. The Hindu Tamil(22 March 2016). Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  15. ↑ MGR Remembered – Part 11, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(28 September 2013). Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  16. ↑ Chakravarthi Thirumagal 1957. The Hindu(9 April 2011). Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Mahadevi (1957). The Hindu(16 January 2016). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Thozhilaali (1964). The Hindu(30 January 2016). Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Padagotti (1964). The Hindu(28 February 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 எம்.ஜி.ஆர்-ன் சிறந்த சாதனை படங்கள்...!. Dinamalar(17 June 2015). Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Anbe Vaa 1966. The Hindu(10 November 2012). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  22. ↑ Moorings and musings. The Hindu(24 March 2011). Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  23. ↑ எம்ஜிஆர் 100 – 87 - பெண்களை தெய்வமாக மதித்தவர்!. The Hindu Tamil(16 June 2016). Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 சாதனைகள் படைத்த தமிழ்த் திரைப்பட வரலாறு – புரட்சி நடிகர் எம்.ஜி.ஆர். அவர்கள் பெற்ற விருதுகள்{{#if:Film News Anandan|, Film News Anandan}. Sivakami Publishers(23 October 2004)
  25. ↑ என்னருமை தோழி..! 20: எம்.ஜி.ஆருக்கு ஆலோசனை!. The Hindu Tamil(27 January 2017). Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  26. ↑ Did you know?. The Hindu(2 October 2016). Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  27. ↑ Rajinikanth's 'battle' remark may just be a publicity comment before his film Kaala Karikaalan's release. The Economic Times(26 May 2017). Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Iru Sahodarargal 1936. The Hindu(14 August 2009). Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  29. ↑ Daksha Yagnam 1938. The Hindu(25 September 2011). Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  30. ↑ Maya Machhindra (1939). The Hindu(25 January 2014). Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  31. ↑ Prahalada 1939. The Hindu(14 August 2011). Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  32. ↑ Vedavathi (1941). The Hindu(20 April 2017). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  33. ↑ Ashok Kumar 1941. The Hindu(25 January 2008). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  34. ↑ Dasi Penn (Jyothimalar) 1943. The Hindu(20 February 2011). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  35. ↑ Harishchandra 1944. The Hindu(3 July 2009). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  36. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  37. ↑ Saalivaahanan 1945. The Hindu(26 June 2011). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  38. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  39. ↑ Sri Murugan 1946. The Hindu(1 May 2009). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  40. ↑ Paithiakaaran 1947. The Hindu(13 June 2008). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  41. ↑ Abhimanyu 1948. The Hindu(2 October 2009). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  42. ↑ Raja Mukthi 1948. The Hindu(18 April 2008). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  43. ↑ 26. அதிர்ச்சி தோல்வியுற்ற தமிழ்த் திரைப்படங்கள். Dina Thanthi(19 March 2016). Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  44. ↑ Manthiri Kumari (1950). Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  45. ↑ Naam (1953). The Hindu(29 December 2012). Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  46. ↑ MGR Remembered – Part 21, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(30 September 2014). Retrieved 12 June 2017.
  47. ↑ MGR Remembered – Part 32, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(24 December 2015). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  48. ↑ Raja Desingu (1960). The Hindu(15 August 2015). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  49. ↑ Thaai Sollai Thattathe(1961). The Hindu(28 May 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  50. ↑ Rani Samyuktha (1962). The Hindu(19 September 2015). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  51. ↑ Dharmam Thalai Kaakkum (1963). The Hindu(4 June 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  52. ↑ "Kalai Arasi" is full of synthetic thrills. The Indian Express(26 April 1963). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  53. ↑ A Tamil film that had aliens, spaceships, anti-gravity boots half a century ago. The News Minute(3 June 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  54. ↑ Kanchi Thalaivan(1963). The Hindu(13 December 2015). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  55. ↑ Vettaikaaran (1964) Tamil. The Hindu(21 February 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  56. ↑ Dheiva Thaai (1964). The Hindu(2 April 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  57. ↑ Naadodi (1966)tamil. The Hindu(13 February 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  58. ↑ Blast from the past: Chandhrodhayam (1966). The Hindu(9 January 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  59. ↑ Thanipiravi (1966). The Hindu(22 May 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  60. ↑ Parakkum Paavai (1966). The Hindu(14 May 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  61. ↑ Petraalthan Pillaiya (1966). The Hindu(7 May 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  62. ↑ Arasa Kattalai (1967). The Hindu(24 April 2016). Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  63. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  64. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  65. ↑ Oli Vilakku (1968). The Hindu(6 March 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  66. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  67. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  68. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  69. ↑ Thalaivan Poster. Thomas Pictures. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  70. ↑ Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban (1973). The Hindu(30 April 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  71. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  72. ↑ Ninaithathai Mudippavan (1975) Tamil. The Hindu(10 April 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  73. ↑ Idhayakkani (1975). The Hindu(17 April 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  74. ↑ Pallandu Vazhga (1975) Tamil. The Hindu(20 March 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  75. ↑ Neethikku Thalai Vanangu (1976). The Hindu(24 January 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 எம்ஜிஆர் 100 – 41 - அமுதசுரபி!. The Hindu Tamil(12 April 2016). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  77. ↑ விகடன் மேடை - கே.பாக்யராஜ். Ananda Vikatan(17 October 2012). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  78. ↑ Template:Cite AV media

Bibliography

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  • The 1970s and Its Legacies in India's Cinemas{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Routledge(16 May 2016). ISBN 978-0-415-83658-6
  • Anna: The Life and Times of C.N. Annadurai{{#if:Kannan|, Kannan}. Penguin Books(2010). ISBN 978-0-670-08328-2
  • MGR: A Life{{#if:Kannan|, Kannan}. Penguin Books(2017). ISBN 978-93-8649-588-4
  • Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle{{#if:Kasbekar|, Kasbekar}. ABC-CLIO(2006). ISBN 978-1-85109-636-7
  • Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Oxford University Press(1998). ISBN 978-0-19-563579-9
  • Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth{{#if:Rajanayagam|, Rajanayagam}. Routledge(2015). ISBN 978-1-138-82203-0

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