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This is a list of rice cultivars, also known as rice varieties. There are several species of grain called rice.[1] Asian rice (Oryza sativa) is most widely known and most widely grown, with two major subspecies (indica and japonica) and over 40,000 varieties.[2] Also included in this list are varieties of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and wild rice (genus Zizania).
Rice may vary in genetics, grain length, color, thickness, stickiness, aroma, growing method, and other characteristics, leading to many cultivars. For instance, over nine major rice cultivars exist to make sake alone.[3] The two subspecies of Asian rice, indica and japonica, can generally be distinguished by length and stickiness. Indica rice is long-grained and unsticky, while japonica is short-grained and glutinous.[4]
Rice can also be divided based on processing type into the two broad categories of brown and white. Brown rice is whole grain, with only the inedible hull of the seed removed, while white rice additionally has the bran and germ removed through the process of milling.[5] Milled rice may not necessarily actually be white in color; there are purple, black, and red variants of rice, which can be eaten whole grain or milled.
The cultivars listed in this article may vary in any number of these characteristics, and most can be eaten whole grain or milled (brown or white). However, there are often strong cultural preferences for one or the other, depending on variety and region.
North American varieties
- Texas rice
- Texmati
- Brazos
- Gulfrose
- Madison
- Pecos
- Rico
- Wild rice (Zizania aquatica)
California varieties
- California New Variety rice
- Calhikari-201
- Calmati-201
- Calmochi rice
- Caloro
- Calrose rice
- Calusa
- Nishiki rice
- Wehani rice
Canadian varieties
- Northern Wild rice (also known as Canadian Wild rice (Zizania palustris))
Carolina varieties
Texas varieties
- Texas rice
- Texas wild rice (Zizania texana)
Louisiana varieties
- Blue Rose
- Earl
- Mercury
- Nato
- Pecan rice
- Popcorn rice
- Vista
African varieties
- Abakaliki rice
- African rice
- Ekpoma rice[6]
- New Rice for Africa
- Ofada rice
- Grown in Ofada, Nigeria
- Aromatic
Australian varieties
- Doongara
- semi-dwarf long grain, hard cooking (high amylose)
- Illabong
- semi-dwarf arborio style
- Koshihikari
- tall short grain Japonica style
- Kyeema
- tall long grain, fragrant
- Langi
- semi-dwarf long grain, soft jade cooking (low amylose)
- Opus
- semi-dwarf short grain Japonica style
- Reiziq
- semi-dwarf medium grain
- Sherpa
- semi-dwarf medium grain
- Topaz
- semi-dwarf fragrant long grain
Bangladeshi varieties
Bhutanese varieties
Burmese varieties
- Midon (Template:Lang)Template:Citation needed
- Paw hsan hmwe
- Emahta (Template:Lang)Template:Citation needed
- LetyezinTemplate:Citation needed
- Ngasein (Template:Lang)Template:Citation needed
- Byat (Template:Lang)Template:Citation needed
- Black glutinous rice
- White glutinous rice
Cambodian varieties
- Bonla Pdao (Template:Lang)
- Cammalis – extra long jasmine rice
- Long Rice
- Neang Khon (Template:Lang)
- Neang Minh (Template:Lang) – long grain rice
- Phka Khnhei (Template:Lang) – fragrant variety, Template:Transliteration meaning "flower"
- Phkar Malis (Template:Lang) – Cambodia Jasmine Rice
- Senchey Brand (Template:Lang) is a low glycemic index rice (GI=55), medium grain, photosensitive period, traditional seeds
- Senkraob (Template:Lang)
- Won the National Best Rice Award in 2017 have been certified as Medium Glycemic Index (GI) of 62 based on rigorous testing performed by Temasek Polytechnic Glycemic Index Research Unit (GIRU)
- Phka Romdul (Template:Lang)
- Red Rice (Template:Lang)
- White rice (Template:Lang)
- Sen Pi Dao (Template:Lang)
- Riang cheay (Template:Lang)
- Srauv Pong Rolork (Template:Lang)
- Srauv Ha Mort (Template:Lang)
- Srauv IR (Template:Lang)
Chinese varieties
- Black Asian
- Manchurian Wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
- Oryza rufipogon
- Template:Interlanguage link
- Template:Interlanguage link
Dominican varieties
- Cristal 100
- Idiaf 1
- Inglés Corto
- Inglés Largo
- Juma 57
- Juma 58
- Juma 66
- Juma 67
- Prosequisa 4
- Prosequisa 5
- Prosequisa 10
- Toño Brea
- Yocahú CFX-18
French varieties
Greek varieties
- Blue Rose[7]
- Carolina
- Glassé
- Nychaki
- Parboiled
Indian varieties
Until 1970, India had about 110,000 varieties of rice and now it has about 6,000 varieties.[8]
Rice varieties of Maharastra
- Kasbai
- Indrayani
- Kolum
- Ambemohar
- Gobindobhog
- Ponni
- Ambika
Rice varieties of Punjab and Haryana
Basmati and premium non-basmati rice grows in Punjab and Haryana region of India, such as:[9][10][11]
Rice varieties of Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh are home to hundreds of rice varieties, such as:[12][13][14][15] Template:Columns-list
Rice varieties of Karnataka
Rice varieties of Odisha
- Nalihati (non-aromatic)
- Padmakeshari (aromatic)
- Kalamoti (aromatic)
- Balami (aromatic)
- Kalajiri (aromatic)
- Tulasibasa (aromatic)
- Pimpudibasa (aromatic)
- Swarna (non-aromatic)
- Nalabainsi (non-aromatic)
- Pateni (non-aromatic)
- Ratna (IET-1411)[16][17]
Rice varieties of Bihar
- Katarni rice
- patna rice
- Badshah bhog
- Rajendra Sweta
- Manjari
- Tulsi
Rice varieties of Kerala
Rice varieties of Tamil Nadu
Rice varieties of Telangana
- Indur Samba
- Bathukamma
- RNR 15048 or Telangana Sona or Karnataka Sona
- Improved Samba Mahsuri
West Bengal rice varieties
There are possibly up to 82,700 varieties of rice extant in India, and of those more than 5000 were found in West Bengal. However, only 150 of them are commonly grown. Many are grown organically to compete with more modern cultivars. The Agricultural Training Centre of West Bengal exists to conserve and promote the use of folk rice varieties, including many listed below.[18] Template:Columns-list
Indonesian rice varieties/landraces
In Indonesia, there are at least 45 varieties of rice for wet-field production (sawah) and 150 varieties of rice for dry-field production.[19] Template:Columns-list
Iranian varieties
Many varieties of rice are cultivated in Iran. A few of them are listed below.
- Ambarboo
- Binam
- Domsiah
- Gerdeh[20]
- Gharib[20]
- Hasan Sarai
- Hasani[20]
- Hashemi[20]
- Kamfiruzi
- Grown in Fars province along the Kor River
- Lenjan
- Grown in Isfahan province along the Zayandeh Rud River
- Salari
- Sang Tarom
- Tarom
- Tarom Roushan
- tarom omid
Italian varieties
Japanese varieties
- Kitaake[21]
Malaysian varieties
Nepali varieties
Pakistani varieties
Philippine varieties
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Portuguese varieties
- Ariete
- Arroz da terra
- Carolino
- Ponta rubra
- Valtejo
Sri Lankan varieties
Spanish varieties
- Albufera (premium pearly round rice)
- Bahia (pearly round rice)
- Balilla x Sollana (pearly round rice)
- Bomba (premium pearly round rice)
- Calasparra (premium pearly round rice)
- Fonsa (pearly round rice)
- Gleva (pearly round rice)
- Guadiamar (crystalline medium rice)
- J.Sendra (pearly round rice)
- Marisma (pearly round rice)
- Puntal (crystalline long rice)
- Senia (pearly round rice)
Taiwanese varieties
Thai varieties
- Black glutinous rice
- Jasmine rice
- Red Cargo rice
- Riceberry
- White glutinous rice
Vietnamese varieties
- Dự Hương Rice
- Nàng Thơm Chợ Đào Rice
- Nếp cái hoa vàng
- Grown in Nam Dinh province
- Nếp cẩm Rice
- Nếp Tú Lệ
- Tài Nguyên Rice
- Grown in Long An province
- Tám Xoan Rice
- ST24 Rice – Top 3 world's best rice awarded in 2018
- ST25 Rice – The 1st world's best rice awarded 2019 and 2023
- Cultivated in Sóc Trăng province – Mekong Delta (Southern Vietnam), researched and developed by Hồ Văn Cua and his team.
- Long grain rice that is fragrant and soft.
- Cultivated in Sóc Trăng province – Mekong Delta (Southern Vietnam), researched and developed by Hồ Văn Cua and his team.
See also
References
- ↑ History of rice cultivation – Ricepedia. Ricepedia. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ↑ Varieties – Rice Association. riceassociation.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ↑ Sake – types of rice used in brewing japanese rice wine. esake.com. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ↑ The two main types of rice: INDICA RICE and JAPONICA RICE. LEGroup Industries – RICE – TUNA – CHEESE – JAMS(2017-10-09). Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ↑ The Difference Between White, Brown And Red Rice. Huffington Post(2017-11-16). Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ↑ The Fading Glory of Ekpoma Rice Production. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ↑ Agrino. Agrino, Tasting Greece. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ↑ From 1,10,000 varieties of rice to only 6,000 now. The Hindu(2012-04-06). Retrieved 2022-07-04.
- ↑ Indian Basmati Rice Export Inspection Company in India | the Rice Professionals. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ↑ Non-Basmati Rice – the Rice Professionals. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ↑ Indian Rice Inspection – Indian Basmati Rice & Non-Basmati Rice. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ↑ Rice Varieties. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
- ↑ Details of Rice Varieties : 10. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
- ↑ Paddy varieties | agropedia. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
- ↑ News Item stating the ban on export of rice varieties(15 May 2012).
- ↑ Totvariety. odishaseedsportal.nic.in. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ↑ Details of Rice Varieties : 1. drdpat.bih.nic.in. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ↑ West Bengal government encourages cultivation of extinct rice varieties. The Economic Times(2017-09-11). Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ↑ Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/376 – Wikisource, the free online library. En.wikisource.org. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in 'Indica' rice cultivars. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica({Template:Year).
- ↑ Genome sequence of the model rice variety KitaakeX. BMC Genomics({Template:Date).
Template:Varieties of rice Template:Breed Template:Authority control