Template:Buddhism Four Dharma Seals are the four characteristics which reflect some Buddhist teaching .[1][2] It is saidTemplate:By whom? that if a teaching contains the Four Dharma Seals then it can be considered Buddha Dharma.[3] although the Dharma Seals were all introduced after Gautama Buddha died.[4]
The Four Seals
The Four Seals can be variously translated as follows:
- All compounded things are impermanent
- All emotions are painful
- All phenomena are without inherent existence
- Nirvana is beyond extremes[1]
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- All compounded things are impermanent.
- All contaminated things are suffering.
- All phenomena are empty and devoid of self.
- Nirvana is true peace.[5]
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- Everything conditioned is impermanent.
- Everything influenced by delusion is suffering.
- All things are empty and selfless.
- Nirvana is peace.[6]
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As suffering is not an inherent aspect of existence[4] sometimes the second seal is omitted to make Three Dharma Seals.[7] However, when the second seal is taken to refer to existence contaminated by or influenced by the mental afflictions of ignorance, attachment, and anger and their conditioning actions (karma), this omission is not necessary.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Buddhism in a Nutshell: The Four Seals of Dharma, Khyentse Rinpoche, Dzongsar. Lion's Roar(March 1, 2000).
- ↑ The Four Seals of the Dharma. About.com.
- ↑ Realizing Genjokoan: The Key to Dogen's Shobogenzo{{#if:Okumura|, Okumura}. Simon & Schuster(2010). ISBN 9780861716012
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching: Transforming Suffering Into Peace, Joy & Liberation : the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and Other Basic Buddhist Teachings{{#if:Nhất Hạnh|, Nhất Hạnh}. Broadway Books(1998). ISBN 9780767903691
- ↑ Mind in Comfort and Ease{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Wisdom Publications(2012). ISBN 9780861717101
- ↑ The Four Seals. www.bootl.org. BOOTL.
- ↑ The Core Teachings{{#if:Yun|, Yun}. Buddha's Light Publishing(2008). ISBN 9781932293326
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