Assam separatist movements

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Assam separatist movements refers to a series of multiple insurgent and separatist movements that are or have been operating the in Northeast Indian state of Assam.[1] The conflict started in the 1970s[1] following tension between the native indigenous Assamese people and the Indian government over alleged neglect, political, social, cultural, economic issues and increased levels of illegal immigration from Bangladesh.[2][3] The conflict has resulted in the deaths of 12,000 United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) militants and 18,000 others.[4][5]

Several organisations contribute to the insurgency including the ULFA, the Adivasi National Liberation Army, Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front (KLNLF) and the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) with ULFA perhaps the largest of these groups,[5] and one of the oldest, having been founded in 1979.[6] The ULFA has attacked Hindi-speaking migrant workers[7] and a movement exists favouring secession from the Republic of India.[8] The alleged neglect and economic, social, cultural and political exploitation by the Indian state are the main reasons behind the growth of this secessionist movement.

The ULFA seeks to establish a sovereign Assam via armed struggle. MULTA,Template:Expand acronym on the other hand, seeks to establish an Islamic state in India via the jihadist struggle of Muslims of both indigenous and migrant origin. The Government of India banned the ULFA in 1990 and classifies it as a terrorist group, while the US State Department lists it under "other groups of concern".

Founded at Rang Ghar, a historic structure dating to the Ahom kingdom on AprilTemplate:Nbsp7, 1979, the ULFA has been the subject of military operations by the Indian Army since 1990, which have continued into the present.[9] In the past two decades some 30,000 people have died[10] in the clash between the rebels and the government. Though separatist sentiment is considered strong, it is disputed if the secessionist movement continues to enjoy popular support. Conversely, assertions of Assamese nationalism are found in Assamese literature and culture. The neglect and exploitation by the Indian state are common refrains in the Assamese-language media[11] with some reports casting the ULFA leaders as saviors.[12]

Internationally acclaimed Assamese novelist Indira Goswami has tried to broker peace[13][14][15] for several years between the rebels and the government.[16] In a recent development Hiren Gohain,[17][18] a public intellectual, has stepped in to expedite the process.

In 2012, all Adivasi militants including those of Adivasi Cobra Force surrendered.

On 15 May 2019, twelve people were injured after a grenade exploded in front of a shopping mall in Guwahati. Days later the United Liberation Front of Assam claimed responsibility for the attack, and the authorities arrested the main suspects.[19][20][21]

In 2020 and 2021, all Bodo, Karbi, Kuki and Dimasa militants surrendered to the government of India.Template:Citation needed

In 2022, Gorkha and Tiwa Militants also surrendered.Template:Citation needed

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bloody Tea. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  2. ↑ India needs talks for Assam's peace. The Guardian(19 May 2010). Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  3. ↑ Bomb Kills 10 at India Independence Parade. The New York Times(15 August 2004). Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  4. ↑ The Sentinel. sentinelassam.com. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Assam, Pike, John. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  6. ↑ United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) - Terrorist Group of Assam. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  7. ↑ Assam: ULFA's Rerun of Violence against Migrant Workers. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  8. ↑ {{{title}}}. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  9. ↑ Where Have They All Gone? | Assam Portal. Assam.org. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  10. ↑ The Sentinel. Sentinelassam.com. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  11. ↑ The Assam conflict: a failure of the press. openDemocracy(29 July 2010). Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  12. ↑ India needs talks for Assam's peace | Aruni Kashyap | Comment is free(19 January 2010). Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  13. ↑ National : Indira Goswami makes fresh attempt at brokering peace(29 June 2007). Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  14. ↑ Prince Clasu Award Indira Goswami. Princeclausfund.org(29 June 2007). Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  15. ↑ Conflict and Peace in India's Northeast: The Role of Civil Society. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  16. ↑ IPCS | Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  17. ↑ The Assam Tribune Online. Assamtribune.com(13 October 2010). Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  18. ↑ Peace interlocutor meets ULFA leaders in Guwahati jail. Sify.com(21 October 2010). Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  19. ↑ Assam: Eleven injured in grenade blast in Guwahati. The Indian Express(2019-05-15). Retrieved 2019-05-16.
  20. ↑ Terrorism Update Details - 12-persons-wounded-in-grenade-attack-in-assam. www.satp.org. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
  21. ↑ Suspected ULFA member, main accused in Guwahati grenade attack arrested(21 May 2019). Retrieved 2019-09-23.

Template:Stateless nationalism in Asia Template:Ethnic nationalism Template:History of Assam Template:India separatist movements Template:Ongoing military conflicts

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