Bhupinder Singh of Patiala

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Bhupinder Singh of Patiala
Office 2nd President of Indian Olympic Association







Predecessor Dorabji Tata
Successor Yadavindra Singh

















Sir Bhupinder Singh (12 October 1891 – 23 March 1938) was the Maharaja of Patiala and a cricket player. Singh's reign as Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala, in British India, lasted from 1900 to 1938.[1] He was a member of the Phulkian dynasty. During his reign, Singh was most noted for his extravagance, contributions to sports, and for being an ally to the British Raj.[2] Many of Singh's children married notable individuals and through his children, Singh has many notable descendants.[3][4][5]

Early life and background

Bhupinder Singh was born on 12 October 1891 in Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala.[6] Singh was born into the Jat Sikh Phulkian dynasty and Sidhu clan.[7] He was educated at Aitchison College in Lahore. Singh was sent to the princely state of Dholpur, supposedly because of threats to his life due to intrigues in the Patiala court.[8] He returned to Patiala in the beginning of 1900, only months before his father's death.[8]

File:Photograph of an adolescent Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala State and suite, Bourne & Shepherd, 1903.jpg
Photograph of an adolescent Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala State and suite, Bourne & Shepherd, 1903

At the age of 9, Singh succeeded as Maharaja of Patiala State upon the death of his father, Maharaja Rajinder Singh, on 9 November 1900. Rajinder Singh had died due to alcoholism; Singh's mother, Jasmer Kaur, had died some years earlier of tuberculosis.[8][9] A Council of Regents ruled in his name until he took partial power shortly before his 18th birthday on 1 October 1909, and was invested with full powers by the Viceroy of India, the 4th Earl of Minto, on 3 November 1910.

Reign

Administration and foreign policies

Singh was well known for the construction of buildings with bold architectural designs in Patiala, including the Shri Kali Devi Temple. Other buildings he constructed include Chail View Palace in the summer retreat of Kandaghat; Chail Palace; and Oak Over and Cedar Lodge in Shimla, which are now the residences of the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh and the Punjab State Guest House, respectively.[10] He had a unique monorail system built in Patiala, known as Patiala State Monorail Trainways.[11] Singh founded the State Bank of Patiala in 1917. Although Patiala was a 17-gun salute state, Singh himself received a personal 19-gun salute.[12] Singh was a member of Freemasonry and in 1916, he consecrated a Masonic lodge in Patiala.[13]

He represented India at the League of Nations, was Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes for 10 years between 1926 and 1938, and was a representative at the Round Table Conference.[14][15] During his tenure as Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes, Singh fought for the rights of princely states in various jurisdictional and administrative matters.[15] However, his proposals were rejected by the British Raj and even the larger 21-gun-salute states did not join him in his efforts.[15] In one of the elections for the chancellorship, Singh's cousin Udai Bhan Singh, the Maharaj-Rana of Dholpur, challenged him and was defeated.[16] Prior to the election, Singh wrote to Udai Bhan, stating that Udai Bhan would cause a family feud if he continued to challenge Singh, his cousin, in the elections.[16] Despite Udai Bhan having the support of the British Raj's political departments, including that of the British Residents in Indian States, Singh managed to win the election by using his wealth to secure votes and even provided his election canvassing committee with the use of his private plane to court support from other rulers.[16]

Military support

File:Imperial War Cabinet, 1918.jpg
The British Empire's Imperial War Cabinet in 1918. Singh is seated second from left

Singh served on the General Staff in France, Belgium, Italy and Palestine in the First World War as an honorary lieutenant-colonel, and was promoted honorary major general in 1918 and honorary lieutenant-general in 1931. During the First World War, Singh also served on the Imperial War Cabinet in 1918 and on the Imperial War Conference.[17][18] He was awarded 43 medals during the First World War.[2] Most of the buildings of the Chail Military School, in Himachal Pradesh, were donated by Singh to the Government of India.

Sports

Singh was noted both as a sportsman and a patron of sports. He was captain of the Indian cricket team that visited England in 1911,[19] and played in 27 first-class cricket matches between 1915 and 1937.[20] For the season of 1926/27, he played as member of the Marylebone Cricket Club.[21] He was selected as the captain of India on its first Test tour of England in 1932, but dropped out for reasons of health two weeks before departure and Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji, the Maharaja of Porbandar, took over.

Singh had a key role in the founding of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), the national sports administration body for cricket in India, and he donated the Ranji Trophy in honour of Maharaja Ranjitsinhji of Nawanagar.[22][23] Singh's cricket and polo teams, Patiala XI and Patiala Tigers, were among the best in India.[9] He also served as the President of the Indian Olympic Association from 1928 to 1938.[24]

Extravagance

Singh is largely noted and remembered for his extravagance. During his life, Singh developed a reputation for being a generous host, throwing lavish parties, and entertaining doctors, artists and people of repute from around the world.[9] He was noted for collecting various items, including cars, jewels, medals, paintings, watches, wines, and spending sprees in Europe.[9]

File:A group photograph of Bhupinder Singh, the Maharaja of Patiala (reg. 1900-1938) with the cricketer Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji Jadeja, known as Ranji, and other guests and servants. Patiala, circa 1910.jpg
A group photograph of Singh (seated right) with the cricketer, Maharaja Ranjitsinhji of Nawanagar, known as Ranji, (seated near left) and other guests and servants. Patiala, circa 1910

In 1925, Singh placed the largest single order to Cartier to date: the Patiala Necklace, worth Template:INRConvert.[25] One of his wives, Maharani Bakhtawar Kaur, presented Queen Mary of the United Kingdom with a necklace on behalf of the Ladies of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.[26] He was also known for an exceptional collection of medals, believed to be the world's largest at the time.[27] Singh also owned a fleet of 44 Rolls-Royce cars.[28] He was the first Indian to own a private plane and built an airstrip in Patiala.[29] He also owned properties in Mumbai and Juhu.[30]

Personal life and family

Singh married ten times and had a harem of 350 concubines.[5] He fathered 88 children, 52 of whom survived to adulthood.[5]

Wives and concubines

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Some of Singh's wives and concubines are:

Children

File:YadavindraSinghofPatiala1930s.png
Yadavindra Singh, Singh's eldest son and successor as the Maharaja of Patiala, circa 1930s
File:Manjula Devi of Darkoti, one of the wives of Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, and their daughter, Naginder Kumari Khanna, one of the daughters of Maharaja Bhupinder Singh. Circa 1950s.jpg
Manjula Devi of Darkoti, one of Singh's wives, and their daughter, Naginder Kumari Khanna, circa 1950s. Naginder married Vipin Khanna. Darkoti was a Kachhwaha Rajput ruled princely state, founded in the 11th century, whose rulers were directly descended from the ruling house of the Kingdom of Amber.[35]

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Singh's children included:

Other relatives

Singh's younger brother was Birendra Singh.[59] Birendra Singh's daughter and Singh's niece, Naresh Inder Kumari, married Hardev Singh Chhina, an Indian Administrative Service officer who served as the Chief Secretary of Punjab.[60][59] The son of Naresh Inder Kumari and Hardev Singh Chhina, Paramdev Singh Chhina, served as the Additional Advocate General of Punjab.[60] Singh's cousin was Udai Bhan Singh, the Maharaj-Rana of Dholpur.[16] His cousin from the Patiala family, Mahesh Inder Singh, was a Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly and a Freemason who served as the Worshipful Master of the Masonic lodge in Patiala.[61][62]

Notable descendants

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Through his children, Singh has many notable descendants, including:

Death

Singh's health began deteriorating, and he died on 23 March 1938 due to ill health.[3] He was succeeded on the throne of Patiala by Yadavindra Singh.[63] To mark Singh's death, a state-wide hartal for five days was announced, during which all offices, schools, colleges, and other public institutions were to remain closed, and, throughout the period of mourning, flags at all forts and public buildings in the state were to be hoisted at half-mast.[64]

Titles

  • 1891–1900: Sri Yuvaraja Sahib Bhupinder Singhji
  • 1900–1911: His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Yadu Vansha Vatans Bhatti Kul Bushan, Maharaja of Patiala
  • 1911–1914: His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Maharaja of Patiala, GCIE
  • 1914–1918: Lieutenant-Colonel His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Maharaja of Patiala, GCIE
  • 1918–1921: Major-General His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Maharaja of Patiala, GCIE, GBE
  • 1921–1922: Major-General His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Maharaja of Patiala, GCSI, GCIE, GBE
  • 1922–1931: Major-General His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Maharaja of Patiala, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, GBE
  • 1931–1935: Lieutenant-General His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Maharaja of Patiala, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, GBE
  • 1935–1938: Lieutenant-General His Highness Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Mansur-i-Zaman, Amir ul-Umara, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar, 108 Sri Maharaja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, Mahendra Bahadur, Maharaja of Patiala, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, GBE, GCSG

Honours

File:Bhupinder Singh Patiala.jpg
Maharaja Bhupinder Singh

(ribbon bar, as it would look today)

File:1000px ribbon bar of the Order of Maria Anna.svg File:Order of the Indian Empire Ribbon.svg File:Royal Victorian Order ribbon sm.jpg

File:Order of the British Empire (Military) Ribbon.png File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg File:India General Service Medal 1909 BAR.svg File:1914 1915 Star ribbon bar.svg

File:British War Medal BAR.svg File:Victory Medal MID ribbon bar.svg File:Med.DelhiDurbar1903.png File:King George V Coronation Medal ribbon.svg

File:King George V Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg File:GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png File:Cavaliere di Gran Croce OCI Kingdom BAR.svg File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg

File:BEL - Order of Leopold - Grand Cordon bar.svg File:GRE Order Redeemer 1Class.svg File:ESP Charles III Order GC.svg File:TCH Rad Bileho Lva 1 tridy (pre1990) BAR.svg

File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg File:Cavaliere di gran Croce Regno SSML BAR.svg File:Order of St. Gregory the Great.png File:Order of the Dannebrog S.K.svg

Template:Citation needed

File:Seated painting of Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala State as a young prince, circa early 20th century.jpg
Seated painting of Singh as a young prince

British

File:NLS Haig - Maharaja of Patiala visits the Western Front.jpg
Inspecting a BL 12-inch Railway Howitzer in France, August 1918

Foreign

Other

References

  1. ↑ History of Patiala from Patiala web site. Retrieved 25 June 2006.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Who was Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala: The royal who built Chail cricket ground & the genius behind Patiala peg; know about his lavish lifestyle & downfall, FE Lifestyle. The Financial Express(2023-10-13). Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lives of the Indian Princes{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. BPI Publishing(1984). ISBN 978-81-86982-05-1
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 India Votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha Elections 2001-2005{{#if:Rana|, Rana}. Sarup & Sons(2006). ISBN 978-81-7625-647-6
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bhupinder Singh of Patiala: The Maharaja Who Married 10 Times, Had 350 Concubines, And Sired 52 Children. Times Now(2024-05-21). Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  6. ↑ Historical Sikh Events: Phulkian Misl(26 January 2021). Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  7. ↑ The Princes of India in the Twilight of Empire: Dissolution of a Patron-client System, 1914-1939{{#if:Ramusack|, Ramusack}. University of Cincinnati(1978). ISBN 978-0-8142-0272-2
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Cricket Country: An Indian Odyssey in the Age of Empire{{#if:Kidambi|, Kidambi}. Oxford University Press(2019). ISBN 978-0-19-884313-9
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Maharaja Bhupinder Singh, patron saint of Patiala peg who used Sikh identity to his advantage, Arora, Amrtansh. ThePrint(2023-03-23). Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  10. ↑ Himachal Pradesh – Solan website Template:Webarchive
  11. ↑ Delhi: India's oldest monorail comes back to life, to chug every Thursday, Haidar, Faizan. Hindustan Times(2018-01-14). Retrieved 2024-05-28.
  12. ↑ The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1932{{#if:Epstein|, Epstein}. Springer(2016-12-23). ISBN 978-0-230-27061-9
  13. ↑ Polyclinic inaugurated at Lodge Phulkian, Tribune News Service. The Tribune(15 April 2016). Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  14. ↑ The Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917-1947{{#if:Copland|, Copland}. Cambridge University Press(2002-05-16). ISBN 978-0-521-89436-4
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 The forgotten third chamber of Parliament. Open The Magazine(2019-08-15). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Maharaja{{#if:Dass|, Dass}. Penguin Random House India(2020-08-26). ISBN 978-93-5349-783-5
  17. ↑ The Imperial War Cabinet. National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  18. ↑ Maharajas 'helped British in WW-I', Mohan, Vijay. The Tribune(26 September 2017). Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  19. ↑ How the British forged the first Indian cricket team(29 June 2019). Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  20. ↑ Royalty on the cricket field. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  21. ↑ Maharaja of Patiala Profile: Overview. ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  22. ↑ About BCCI: History. Board of Control for Cricket in India. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  23. ↑ Maharaja Bhupinder Singh and his patronage towards sports in India, Biswas, Sudipta. Delhi Post(2020-04-09). Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  24. ↑ A mess of Olympic proportions, Pritam, Norris. Deccan Herald(6 October 2024). Retrieved 8 May 2025.
  25. ↑ From Bahadur Shah Zafar to the Nizam of Hyderabad, a jewellery brand for the royals, Manmohan, Nutan. ThePrint(2022-11-05). Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  26. ↑ Emerald and diamond choker. Royal Collection. Retrieved 15 February 2013. Although he was married five times, his favourite wife was his third wife, Maharani Vimal Kaur Sahiba of Ubbewal.
  27. ↑ A medal for collecting medals, Singh, Jangveer. The Tribune(29 February 2004). Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Royal Royce tales. The Times of India(2015-04-05). Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  29. ↑ This player was first Indian cricketer to buy private jet; not Virat Kohli, MS Dhoni, Kapil Dev, Sachin Tendulkar. DNA India(27 August 2023). Retrieved 2024-06-09.
  30. ↑ Sale of the Immovable Properties owned by His Highness the Maharaja of Patiala in Bombay and Juhu. Indian Culture(1937). Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  31. ↑ A Life in the Shadows: A Memoir{{#if:Dulat|, Dulat}. HarperCollins Publishers India(22 December 2022). ISBN 978-93-5629-597-1
  32. ↑ Prominent Players. The Tribune(6 November 2016). Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  33. ↑ Maharaja Bhupinder Singh Of Patiala: The Man Who Epitomised Living Life King Size. Times Now(2024-04-08). Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  34. ↑ Bhupendra Singh (Maharaja of Patiala) and India's 1911 tour of England, Dhole, Pradip. Cricket Country(2017-10-17). Retrieved 2024-07-03.
  35. ↑ Punjab States Gazetteer: Simla Hill States - 1910{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Civil and Military Gazette Press(1911)
  36. ↑ Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium of Who's Who of Members (1937–2017) (Updated till 25-10-2019). Punjab Vidhan Sabha. Punjab Vidhan Sabha Secretariat(2020). Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  37. ↑ The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh{{#if:Brentnall|, Brentnall}. Indus Publishing(2004). ISBN 978-81-7387-163-4
  38. ↑ Jyoti Singh Opens Her Heart as Yadvi Opens on US Screens, Singh, Tejinder. The America Times(2018-05-27). Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  39. ↑ 'Yadvi: The Dignified Princess': A one-dimensional real-life tale (IANS Review, Rating: **1/2), IANS. Business Standard(25 August 2017). Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  40. ↑ National Register of Private Records{{#if:|, }. National Archives of India(1972)
  41. ↑ Representation from Raja Raghavendra Singh, brother of H.H. the Maharaja of Patiala against the Maharaja of Patiala. Indian Culture(1954). Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  42. ↑ Music in Colonial Punjab: Courtesans, Bards, and Connoisseurs, 1800-1947{{#if:Kapuria|, Kapuria}. Oxford University Press(2023-04-15). ISBN 978-0-19-269292-4
  43. ↑ The Role of R.N. Singh Deo in the State Politics of Odisha in the Pre and Post-Independent Political Scenario: A Critical Study, Sarangi, Suresh Prasad. Odisha Review(2017). Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  44. ↑ Younger son of Maharaja of Patiala, Kunwar Devinder Singh passes away. The Times of India(2019-03-24). Retrieved 2024-05-28.
  45. ↑ Captain's uncle passes away. The Tribune(24 March 2019). Retrieved 12 April 2025.
  46. ↑ Amarinder's aunt ready to take on Preneet Kaur in LS elections. Hindustan Times(5 April 2013). Retrieved 5 May 2025.
  47. ↑ How the Modi government is covering up two decades of defence corruption to save the Rafale deal, MS, Nileena. The Caravan(2 November 2023). Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  48. ↑ Fifth Report on Contract Entered into by State Trading Corporation of India Limited (with M/s Oval Industries Inc., New York for Import of sulphur) pertaining to Ministry of Commerce. Parliament Digital Library. Lok Sabha Secretariat(13 December 1967). Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  49. ↑ Mānavatā ke mukuṭamaṇi Mahārājā Ummedasiṃhajī{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Jñāna(2005)
  50. ↑ The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh{{#if:Brentnall|, Brentnall}. Indus Publishing(2004). ISBN 978-81-7387-163-4
  51. ↑ The House of Marwar{{#if:Singh|, Singh}. Lotus Collection, Roli Books(1994). ISBN 978-81-7436-002-1
  52. ↑ Bhavenesh Kumari Patiala '50. Woodstock School. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  53. ↑ Shri Romesh Bhandari. Raj Bhavan, Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  54. ↑ Land mafia cheats Patiala royal family scion, Rambani, Vishal. Hindustan Times(24 June 2015). Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  55. ↑ Rajinder Kaur And Another vs Yashodan Devi (Deceased) Through Lrs on 6 May, 2024, Singh, Virender. Indian Kanoon(6 May 2024). Retrieved 5 May 2025.
  56. ↑ Courtly Indian Women in Late Imperial India{{#if:Jhala|, Jhala}. Routledge(2015-10-06). ISBN 978-1-317-31443-1
  57. ↑ Representation from Lt.Col Kunwar Brijindra Singh, the younger brother of H.H. Maharaja of Patiala regarding -1).Cut in his monthly allowance. 2). Restoration of Jewellery of his wife and his mother and a House in Chail. 3).Share from Trust fund of Rs.16 Lakhs for marriage of Members of H.H. family.. Indian Culture(1954). Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  58. ↑ Indian and Pakistan Year Book and Who's who{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Bennett, Coleman, Company(1952)
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 The Mystery of Princess Louise: Queen Victoria's Rebellious Daughter{{#if:Hawksley|, Hawksley}. Random House(21 November 2013). ISBN 978-1-4481-9211-3
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Former Chief Secy Chhina dies at 98. The Tribune(18 August 2018). Retrieved 13 May 2025.
  61. ↑ Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium of Who's Who of Members (1937–2017) (Updated till 25-10-2019). Punjab Vidhan Sabha. Punjab Vidhan Sabha Secretariat(2020). Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  62. ↑ Pakistan Story{{#if:Rizvi|, Rizvi}. Zia H. Rizvi(1973)
  63. ↑ Education and Modernity in Colonial Punjab: Khalsa College, the Sikh Tradition and the Webs of Knowledge, 1880-1947{{#if:Brunner|, Brunner}. Springer Nature(2020-11-23). ISBN 978-3-030-53514-8
  64. ↑ Extraordinary His Highness's Government Gazette, Patiala, Vol. No. 28, No. 53.{{#if:Bhupinder State Press|, Bhupinder State Press}(1938-03-23)
  65. ↑ Template:London Gazette
  66. ↑ Sports University to Be Named After Maharaja Bhupinder Singh. The Pioneer(31 July 2019). Retrieved 13 February 2020.

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