View source for 1993 Bombay bombings

{{short description|Terrorist attack in Mumbai (MH-IN) by the Indian underworld}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title            = 1993 Bombay bombings
| location         = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| target           = {{hlist|[[Hotel]]s|[[Office building]]s|[[Bank]]s|[[Fuel dispenser|Petrol pumps]]|[[Marketplace|Market]]s etc.}}
| date             = 12 March 1993
| time             = 13:30–15:40
| timezone         = [[UTC+05:30]]
| type             = {{hlist|[[Car bomb]]ings|Scooter bombs|[[Grenade]]s}}
| killed           = <ref name=":0">{{cite journal | author = Chris Quillen | title = Mass Casualty Bombings Chronology | journal = StudiesStudiesgk in Conflict and Terrorism | volume = 25 | issue = 5 | pages = 293–302 | date = 19 February 2004 | doi = 10.1080/10576100290101205| s2cid = 108769875 }}</ref>
| injuries         = 257 (deaths)<br>1,400 (injuries)<ref name="bbc.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33713846|title=How the 1993 blasts changed Mumbai forever|work=BBC News|date=30 July 2015|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>
| perpetrators     = Mafia groups affiliated with [[D-Company]]
| weapons          = 13 car bombs ([[RDX]]) containing [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|shrapnel]]
}}

{{Campaignbox Mumbai terrorism}}
{{Islamic terror attacks in India (since 1947)}}
The '''1993 Bombay bombings''' were a series of 12<ref>{{Cite web|title=To keep the peace, I misled people on '93 blasts: Pawar - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/to-keep-the-peace-i-misled-people-on--93-blasts-pawar--------/10419/|access-date=2021-01-20|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-08|title=Sharad Pawar's white lies: How he landed in trouble over Dawood|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/sharad-pawar-s-white-lies-how-he-landed-in-trouble-over-dawood/story-OGj29Xz10ZncIUciMgI1sM.html|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1993 Mumbai Blasts: When Sharad Pawar made up a thirteenth blast|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/1993-mumbai-blasts-when-sharad-pawar-made-up-a-thirteenth-blast|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref> terrorist bombings that took place in [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], on 12 March 1993.<ref>{{cite news|title= Mumbai bombings: 400 detained|publisher=CNN|date=13 July 2006|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/07/13/mumbai.blasts/ |access-date=15 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302203453/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/07/13/mumbai.blasts/ |archive-date = 2 March 2007}}</ref> The single-day attacks resulted in 257 fatalities and 1,400 injuries.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bbc.com"/><ref>{{cite book | last=Hansen | first=Thomas | year=2001 | title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Mumbai| publisher=Princeton University Press | location=Princeton, New Jersey | isbn=978-0-691-08840-2 | page=125 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/the-1993-mumbai-blasts-what-exactly-happened-on-march-12-that-year-598045.html|title=The 1993 Bombay Blasts: What Exactly Happened on March 12 That Year|work=News18|access-date=11 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Pawar|first1=Sharad|title=On my terms: from the grassroots to the corridors of power|date=2016|publisher=Speaking Tiger|location=New Delhi|isbn=9789385755392}}</ref> The attacks were coordinated by [[Dawood Ibrahim]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/22sheela.htm|title=TADA court accepts Dawood's role in 1993 blasts|work=rediff.com|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> leader of the Mumbai-based international [[organised crime]] syndicate [[D-Company]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Bombay Blasts |author=James S. Robbins |work=[[National Review]] |date=12 July 2006 |url=http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDc5MGNjYmEyYWQ1MmE1Y2NiYzY5ZTBhZmNmZDZmNmU= |access-date=15 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501002708/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDc5MGNjYmEyYWQ1MmE1Y2NiYzY5ZTBhZmNmZDZmNmU= |archive-date=1 May 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Ibrahim was believed to have ordered and helped organize the bombings through his subordinates [[Tiger Memon]] and [[Yakub Memon]].

For several years, confusion existed about the number of blasts, whether they were 12 or 13 in number. This was because [[Sharad Pawar]], the then chief minister of [[Maharashtra]], stated on television that day that there had been 13 blasts, and included a Muslim-dominated locality in the list. He later revealed that he had lied on purpose, and that there had been only 12 blasts, none of them in Muslim-dominated areas; he also confessed that he had attempted to mislead the public into believing that the blasts could be the work of the [[LTTE]], a [[Sri Lanka]]n militant organization, when in fact intelligence reports had already confirmed to him that Mumbai's Muslim underworld (known as the "D-Company," a reference to [[Dawood Ibrahim]]) were the perpetrators of the serial blasts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1993 Mumbai Blasts: When Sharad Pawar made up a thirteenth blast|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/1993-mumbai-blasts-when-sharad-pawar-made-up-a-thirteenth-blast|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Mumbai bombings: 400 detained|publisher=CNN|date=13 July 2006|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/07/13/mumbai.blasts/ |access-date=15 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302203453/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/07/13/mumbai.blasts/ |archive-date = 2 March 2007}}</ref> 

The [[Supreme Court of India]] gave its judgement on 21 March 2013, after over 20 years of judicial proceedings, upholding the death sentence against suspected ringleader Yakub while commuting the previous death sentences against 10 others to life in prison.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ruling on the 1993 Bombay bomb blasts, Supreme Court sends a strong anti-terror message |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-22/edit-page/37935918_1_blasts-case-bomb-blasts-tada-court|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035420/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-22/edit-page/37935918_1_blasts-case-bomb-blasts-tada-court|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|date=22 March 2013|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Death sentence upheld in 1993 Indian bombing that killed 257|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-india-blast-verdict-20130321,0,2424834.story|work=Los Angeles Times|date=21 March 2013|access-date=23 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1993 Bombay bomb blasts: Finally, justice for 257 victims|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-22/india/37936109_1_yakub-memon-apex-court-life-imprisonment|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419052732/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-22/india/37936109_1_yakub-memon-apex-court-life-imprisonment|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2013|date=22 March 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 March 2013}}</ref> However, two of the main suspects in the case, Ibrahim and Tiger, have not yet been arrested or tried.<ref>{{cite web|title=1993 blasts: 98 punished, big fish still free|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/1993-blasts-98-punished-big-fish-still-free/Article1-1030238.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|date=22 March 2013|access-date=23 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323110330/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/mumbai/1993-blasts-98-punished-big-fish-still-free/Article1-1030238.aspx|archive-date=23 March 2013}}</ref> After India's three-judge [[Supreme Court]] bench rejected his [[curative petition]], saying the grounds raised by him do not fall within the principles laid down by the apex court in 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/After-SC-denies-relief-Yakub-Memon-submits-mercy-petition-to-Maharashtra-governor/articleshow/48163143.cms|title=After SC denies relief, Yakub Memon submits mercy petition to Maharashtra governor|work=The Times of India|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> the [[Maharashtra government]] executed Yakub on 30 July 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-33704435|title=Bombay bombings: Yakub Memon hanged|work=BBC News|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>

Although [[Sharad Pawar]], the then chief minister of [[Maharashtra]], stated on television that day that there had been 13 blasts, and included a Muslim-dominated locality in the list, he later revealed that he had lied on purpose, and that there had been only 12 blasts, none of them in Muslim-dominated areas; he also confessed that he had attempted to mislead the public into believing that the blasts could be the work of the [[LTTE]], when in fact intelligence reports had already confirmed to him that Mumbai's Muslim underworld  (known as the "D-Company," a reference to [[Dawood Ibrahim]]) were the perpetrators of the serial blasts.

==Introduction==

===Background===
In December 1992 and January 1993, there was [[Bombay riots|widespread rioting]] throughout the nation<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=Meena|title=Riots and After in Bombay: Chronicles of Truth and Reconciliation|date=2011|isbn=978-8132107002}}</ref> following the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|Babri Masjid demolition]] in [[Ayodhya]], where some of the most notable riots occurred in [[Bombay Riots|Bombay]]. Five years after the December–January riots, the [[B. N. Srikrishna|Srikrishna Commission]] report found that 900 individuals had died and over 2,000 had been injured.<ref>{{cite web| title= Srikrishna Commission Report: Chapter II| author= B.N. Srikrishna| date= August 1998| url= http://www.hvk.org/specialrepo/skc/skcch2.html| access-date= 15 March 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070311020056/http://www.hvk.org/specialrepo/skc/skcch2.html| archive-date= 11 March 2007| url-status= dead| author-link= B.N. Srikrishna}}</ref>

===Confession of Gul Mohammed===
On 9 March 1993, three days before the bombings took place, a small-time criminal from the Behrampada slum in Northeast Mumbai named Gul Noor Mohammad Sheikh (Gullu) was detained at the Nag Pada police station. A participant in the communal riots that had rocked Mumbai the previous year, Gullu was also one of the 19 men handpicked by [[Tiger Memon]], whose office was burnt in the riots. Tiger was a silver smuggler and chief mastermind of the bombings, for training in the use of guns and bomb-making.<ref name="Gullu">[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061001/asp/look/story_6780087.asp The man who knew too much] – The Telegraph, 1 October 2006. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091121074848/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061001/asp/look/story_6780087.asp Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref>

Gullu had been sent to Pakistan via [[Dubai]] on 19 February 1993 and upon completion of his training returned to Mumbai on 4 March. In his absence, the police had detained Gullu's brothers to encourage him to surrender, which he did. He confessed to his role in the riots, his training in Pakistan, and a conspiracy underway to bomb major locations around the city, including the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Sahar International Airport]] and the [[Sena Bhavan]]. However, his conspiracy claim was dismissed by the police as a "mere bluff".<ref name="Gullu"/>

The arrest of Gul Mohammed spurred Tiger Memon to advance the date of the bombings which had originally been planned to coincide with the [[Shiv Jayanti]] celebrations in April 1993.<ref name="Gullu"/><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19990313/iex13073.html Lost in a maze of documents] – Indian Express, 13 March 1999. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://archive.today/20090904133849/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19990313/iex13073.html Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref>

==The bombings==
At 13:30 hours on 12 March 1993, a powerful [[car bomb]] exploded in the basement of the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] building. The 28-story office building was severely damaged and many nearby office buildings also suffered damage. Reports indicate that 50 were killed by this explosion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/the-1993-mumbai-blasts-what-exactly-happened-on-march-12-that-year-598045.html|title=The 1993 Mumbai Blasts: What Exactly Happened on March 12 That Year|work=News18|access-date=16 October 2017}}</ref> About 30&nbsp;minutes later, another car bomb exploded in front of the Mandvi branch of Corporation Bank near Masjid. From 13:30 hours to 15:40 hours a total of 12 bombs exploded throughout Mumbai. Most of the bombs were car bombs but some were in scooters.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/in_pictures/5337210.stm In pictures: 1993 Mumbai blasts] – BBC News, 12 September 1996</ref>

Three hotels – the Hotel Sea Rock, Hotel Juhu Centaur, and Hotel Airport Centaur – were targeted by suitcase bombs left in rooms booked by the perpetrators.<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/> Banks, the regional passport office, the [[Air India Building]], and a major shopping complex were also hit. Bombs exploded at Zaveri Bazaar and opposite it, a jeep-bomb exploded at the Century Bazaar.<ref name="Turk">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024131124/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-18/mumbai/27806667_1_century-bazaar-tiger-memon-blasts-case Century Bazaar bomb: Accused was a driver] – ''The Times of India'', 18 September 2006</ref> [[Grenade]]s were thrown at [[Sahar International Airport]] and at Fishermen's Colony, apparently targeting certain citizens at the latter.<ref name="Verdict">[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2007/aug/01verdict.htm 1993 Mumbai blasts case verdicts] – Rediff news, 1 August 2007  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215025639/http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2007/aug/01verdict.htm |date=15 February 2009 }}</ref> A double-decker bus was very badly damaged in the deadliest explosion, with as many as 90 people killed.<ref name="Turk"/>

The locations attacked:

* Fisherman's Colony in Mahim causeway<ref>{{cite web |title=SC stays death penalty of Zakir Hussain |url=http://news.indiainfo.com/2008/04/04/0804041251_apex_court_stays_death_penalty_mumbai_blast_convict.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123063818/http://news.indiainfo.com/2008/04/04/0804041251_apex_court_stays_death_penalty_mumbai_blast_convict.html |archive-date=23 November 2008 |url-status=dead |access-date=13 August 2009  }}</ref>
* Zaveri Bazaar Fort<ref name="cities.expressindia.com">{{cite web |title=Title Unknown |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=236913 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202024511/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=236913 |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=dead |access-date=13 August 2009  }}</ref>
* Plaza Cinema Dadar<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/>
* Century Bazaar<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/>
* Katha Bazaar<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/>
* Hotel Sea Rock<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/>
* Terminal at Sahar Airport (now [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport]] [CSIA])<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/>
* [[Air India Building]]<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/>
* Hotel Juhu Centaur<ref name="cities.expressindia.com"/>
* Worli<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121017170759/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-19/india/27986872_1_serial-blasts-tada-court-life-imprisonment '93 blasts: 3 more get death sentence] – ''The Times of India'', 19 July 2007</ref>
* [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] Building Fort<ref name="Stock Exchange">[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/15/world/Mumbai-seeks-link-to-stolen-car-in-fatal-blast-at-stock-exchange.html Mumbai Seeks Link to Stolen Car In Fatal Blast at Stock Exchange] – 15 March 1993, The New York Times</ref>
* Passport Office<ref name="Passport">[http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/81832/ The Mumbai 1993 serial bombings] – Indian Express, 11 November 2005. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://archive.today/20130126095950/http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/81832/ Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref>

===Political deception===
On 10 July 2006, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, [[Sharad Pawar]], admitted that he had "deliberately misled" people following the 1993 Mumbai bombings by saying there were "13 and not 12" explosions and had added the name of a Muslim-dominated locality to show that people from both communities had been affected.<ref>{{cite news |title=1993 Bombay blasts: When then Maharashtra CM Sharad Pawar lied about a 13th blast |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/bombay-blast-sharad-pawar-lied-983107-2017-06-16 |access-date=27 July 2019 |work=India Today |date=16 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref> He attempted to justify this deception by claiming that it was a move to prevent communal riots by falsely portraying that both Hindu and Muslim communities in the city had been affected adversely. He also admitted to lying about evidence recovered and misleading people into believing that it pointed to the [[Tamil Tigers]] as possible suspects.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aiyar |first1=Shankar V |title=Sharad Pawar's testimony leaves key Bombay riot questions unanswered |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19970714-sharad-pawars-testimony-leaves-key-mumbai-riot-questions-unanswered-830345-1997-07-14 |access-date=27 July 2019 |work=India Today |date=14 July 1997}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The official number of fatalities was 257 with 1,400 others injured (some sources reported that 317 people died;<ref>{{cite web|title= Anees's arrest will hurt Dawood gang (Dec. 09, 2002, India)|publisher=TOI|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Aneess-arrest-will-hurt-Dawood-gang/articleshow/30795323.cms|access-date=24 April 2015}}</ref> this misreport was due to [[Bowbazaar Bomb Blast 1993|a bomb which killed 69 in Calcutta on 16 March]]<ref name=":0"/> and was not part of 12 March Bombay bombings).

The bombings caused a major rift within [[D-Company]], the most powerful criminal organisation in the [[Mumbai underworld|Bombay underworld]], headed by [[Dawood Ibrahim]]. Infuriated at the bombings, Ibrahim's right-hand man, [[Chotta Rajan]], split from the organisation and took most of the leadership-level [[Hindu]] aides with him, including Sadhu, Jaspal Singh and Mohan Kotiyan. Rajan's split divided the Bombay underworld along communal lines and pitted [[Chhota Rajan]]'s predominantly Hindu gang against Dawood Ibrahim's predominantly Muslim D-Company. The ensuing gang war took the lives of more than a hundred gangsters and continues in 2017.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070403162348/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1607/16070420.htm Bombay's mafia wars]}} – 9 April 1999, The Hindu</ref> Seven of the accused (Salim Kurla, Majeed Khan, Shakil Ahmed, Mohammed Jindran, Hanif Kadawala, Akbar Abu Sama Khan and Mohammed Latif) were assassinated by Rajan's hitmen.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=41361 'Better to die than join with Dawood'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001054009/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=41361 |date=1 October 2012 }} – 30 January 2005, Express India</ref><ref name="Zaidi">''Black Friday: the true story of the Bombay bomb blasts'', S. Hussain Zaidi, Penguin Books, 2002, p.279</ref>

==Arrests, convictions and verdict==
Many hundreds of people were arrested and detained in the Indian courts. In 2006, 100 of 129 accused were found to be guilty and were convicted by Justice [[PD Kode]] of the specially designated [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]] (TADA) court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/743554/yakub-memon-case-one-chart-that-shows-just-how-partisan-indias-justice-system-can |title=Yakub Memon case: one chart that shows just how partisan India's justice system can be |date=27 July 2015|access-date=4 January 2017}}</ref> Many of those convicted have eluded custody, including the mastermind of the attacks, [[Tiger Memon]].<ref name="RED">{{cite news |title=1993 Mumbai blasts: Four of Memon family convicted |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=12 September 2006 |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/12security.htm |access-date=16 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209224535/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/12security.htm |archive-date=9 December 2007 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

On 12 September 2006, the special TADA court convicted four members of the Memon family<ref name="RED"/> on charges of conspiring and abetting acts of terror.<ref>{{cite news|title='93 verdict: 4 of Memon family guilty|publisher=[[CNN IBN]]|date=12 September 2006|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/93-blast-verdict-four-memon-brothers-verdict/21318-3.html |access-date=16 March 2007 }}</ref> They face jail terms from five years to [[life imprisonment]], that would be determined based on the severity of their crime.<ref name="RED"/> Three other members of the Memon family were acquitted with the judge giving them the benefit of the doubt.<ref name="RED"/>

Yakub Memon was charged for possession of unauthorised arms. After the bombings, family members of Tiger Memon, including Yakub, escaped to [[Dubai]] and Pakistan. Correspondents say Tiger owned a restaurant in Mumbai and was allegedly closely associated with [[Dawood Ibrahim]], the suspected mastermind.<ref name="BBC2">{{cite news|title=Mumbai bombing sentencing delay|work=BBC News|date=13 September 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5340660.stm |access-date=16 March 2007 }}</ref>

Except for Tiger and Yakub, the entire family returned to India and were promptly arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] in 1994. Yakub was later taken into custody and was undergoing treatment for depression. The Memon family was tried in court and found guilty of conspiracy. The defence lawyers asked for leniency in the sentencing and caused delays in the process.<ref name="BBC2"/>

Yakub Memon was executed by hanging in Nagpur Central Jail at 6:35&nbsp;a.m. [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] on 30 July 2015.

Two of the accused, Mohammed Umar Khatlab and Badshah Khan (pseudonym given by the prosecution to hide his real identity) turned state approvers.<ref name="Zaidi"/>

[[Dawood Ibrahim]], believed to have masterminded the terrorist attacks, is the Don of the Mumbai organised crime syndicate [[D-Company]]. He is suspected of having connections to terrorist elements<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Designates Dawood Ibrahim as Terrorist Supporter|publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury]]|date=16 October 2003|url=http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/js909.htm |access-date=16 March 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070314092030/http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/js909.htm| archive-date= 14 March 2007 | url-status= dead}}</ref> such as [[al-Qaeda]] and its leader, [[Osama bin Laden]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Possible al-Qaida link to India train attacks |work=[[NBC News]]|author=Robert Windrem|date=11 July 2006|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13815413 |access-date=16 March 2007 }}</ref> as well as [[Lashkar-e-Toiba]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Dawood Ibrahim is a global terrorist: US|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=17 October 2003|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/oct/17daw.htm |access-date=16 March 2007 }}</ref> and was declared a terrorist by the governments of India and the United States in 2003. Ibrahim is now wanted by [[Interpol]] as a part of the worldwide terror syndicate of Osama bin Laden.<ref>{{cite news|title=Interpol sends special notice against Dawood Ibrahim|location=India|author=Vishwa Mohan|date=8 April 2006|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-04-08/india/27824137_1_interpol-member-countries-interpol-notice-special-notice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913194023/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-04-08/india/27824137_1_interpol-member-countries-interpol-notice-special-notice |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 March 2007 }}</ref> He has been in hiding since the bombings and is living in white house, karachi, Pakistan, which the Pakistani government denied previously but accepted on 22 August 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Here is all the addresses of global terrorist Dawood Ibrahim in Pakistan : will Interpol act? |work=India Daily |date=7 July 2006 |url=http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/10798.asp |access-date=16 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509214816/http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/10798.asp |archive-date=9 May 2007  }}</ref> The [[George W. Bush administration|Bush administration]] in the United States imposed sanctions on Ibrahim in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bush administration imposea sanctions on India's most wanted criminal Dawood Ibrahim |work=India Daily |date=2 June 2006 |url=http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/9367.asp |access-date=16 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212112236/http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/9367.asp |archive-date=12 February 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The penalty stage of the longest-running trial in India's history continued. In February 2007, prosecutors asked for the death penalty for 44 of the 100 convicted. The prosecution also requested the death penalty for those convicted of conspiracy in the case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prosecutors Ask for Death Penalty for 44 in 1993 Mumbai Bombings |publisher=[[Voice of America]] News |date=15 February 2007 |url=http://www.securityinnovator.com/index.php?articleID=10317&sectionID=27 |access-date=16 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911113207/http://www.securityinnovator.com/index.php?articleID=10317&sectionID=27 |archive-date=11 September 2012  }}</ref>
Asghar Yusuf Mukadam and Shahnawaz Qureshi, who have been found guilty for involvement in the bombings pleaded for leniency, claiming that they were not terrorists and were emotionally driven to participate in the act. Mukadam claimed that the main conspirators took advantage of his "frame of mind" after the [[demolition of Babri Masjid]] and the subsequent riots, alleging police partiality during the riots. "Vested interests" instigated him to act as he did. Quareshi was trained in Pakistan to handle arms and ammunition. He and Muquddam parked the explosive-filled vehicle at [[Plaza cinema, Mumbai|Plaza cinema]] which resulted in 10 deaths and 37 injuries.<ref name="IBN-20070718">{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/march-121993-the-day-that-changed-mumbai-forever/45165-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004193119/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/march-121993-the-day-that-changed-mumbai-forever/45165-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 October 2012|title=March 12, 1993: The day that changed Mumbai forever|date=18 July 2007|work=IBN Live – website|publisher= Cable News Network LP, LLLP. A Time Warner Company|access-date=9 June 2012|location=Noida}}</ref> Qureshi reached Pakistan via [[Dubai]], where he claims he was taken "under the pretext of providing&nbsp;... an alternative job". He claims that his house was set on fire during the riots.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=74099#compstory 'I was forced to take revenge'] – Press Trust of India, 19 September 2006. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120929194048/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=74099 Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref>

Some of the conspirators who managed to flee India after the bombings were arrested and extradited to India. These conspirators were declared absconders during the course of the trial. [[Abu Salem]], Mustafa Dossa, Firoz Khan, Taher Merchant, Riyaz Siddiqui, Karimullah Khan, and Abdul Kayoum<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Setback-for-Abu-Salem-and-Mustafa-Dossa-in-1993-blasts-case/articleshow/42929387.cms|title=Setback for Abu Salem and Mustafa Dossa in 1993 blasts case|work=The Times of India|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> amongst others were arrested and the trial continued against these absconders in a special TADA court in Mumbai. [[Ujjwal Nikam]] who was earlier the Special Prosecutor in these case was replaced by [[Deepak Salvi]] to continue with the trial in the light of the subsequent developments.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> On 16 June 2017 gangster Mustafa Dossa and Firoz Khan were found guilty of conspiracy, which can carry the death penalty. On 26 June 2017 Dossa died of cardiac arrest in a Mumbai Hospital. Kayoom Sheikh was acquitted due to lack of evidence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/1993-mumbai-blasts-case-special-court-convicts-six-acquits-one/articleshow/59176960.cms|title=1993 Mumbai blasts case: Special court convicts six, acquits one|work=The Times of India|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref>

===The Memons===
* '''[[Yakub Memon]]''' was held in prison beginning in 1994. He was convicted for conspiracy: arranging and financing training and purchasing vehicles used for the bombings. He was sentenced to death in July 2007 and was executed by hanging on 30 July 2015 at 6:35&nbsp;a.m. IST at Nagpur Jail.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/1993-mumbai-blasts-convict-yakub-memon-likely-to-be-hanged-on-july-30-781590 | title=1993 Mumbai Blasts Convict Yakub Memon Likely to be Hanged on July 30 | work=NDTV | date=15 July 2015 | access-date=15 July 2015 | author=Saurabh Gupta}}</ref>
* '''Isa''' and '''Yusuf Memon''', brothers of Yakub, were both charged for using their residence to host conspiracy meetings and store arms and explosives. Yusuf also provided his van to plant bombs. Isa was sentenced to life imprisonment in October 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121004193040/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/93-blasts-sc-grants-bail-to-essa-memon/57525-3.html '93 blasts: SC grants bail to Essa Memon] – CNN-IBN, 28 January 2008</ref> Yusuf, a chronic schizophrenia patient, was also sentenced to life imprisonment.<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/tiger-memons-brother-warned-for-violating-bail-conditions_100149213.html Tiger Memon's brother warned for violating bail conditions] – IANS, 30 January 2009</ref> As of 2015 both were in [[Harsul Central Jail]] in [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/Security-beefed-up-in-Harsul-jail-across-city/articleshow/48274713.cms |title=Security beefed up in Harsul jail, across city|work=The Times of India|date=30 July 2015}}</ref> Yusuf died of a heart attack on 26 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/1993-serial-blasts-convict-yusuf-memon-dies-at-nashik-jail|title=1993 serial blasts convict Yusuf Memon dies at Nashik Jail|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref>
* '''Rubina Memon'''. Sister-in-law of Yakub and Suleiman's wife. Her [[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti]] car was the first piece of evidence in the trial. She was convicted of allowing the use of her vehicle to deliver explosives and received a life sentence.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025053312/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-12/india/27776239_1_rubina-memon-plea-tiger-memon 1993 blasts: SC rejects bail plea of Rubina Memon] – 12 February 2008, ''The Times of India''</ref>
* Brothers of Yakub – '''Suleiman''', '''Hanifa''' and '''Raheen''' – were acquitted with the judge giving them the benefit of doubt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121004193125/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/93-verdict-4-of-memon-family-guilty/21318-3.html '93 verdict: 4 of Memon family guilty] – CNN-IBN, 12 September 2006</ref>

===The bomb planters===
The prosecution had sought the death sentence for all of the following except Imtiaz Ghavate. As he is [[HIV|HIV positive]], the prosecution sought a lesser sentence for him.

* '''Shoaib Ghansar''', Asghar Mukadam's cousin, was convicted of putting RDX explosive in a scooter and planting it in Zaveri Bazaar where the explosion killed 17 and injured 57. He was sentenced to death<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|title='93 Mumbai blasts: Three more get death sentence |work=The Times of India |location=India|date=19 July 2007|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/93_Mumbai_blasts_Three_more_get_death_sentence/articleshow/2217327.cms |access-date=19 July 2007 }}</ref> on 19 July 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070826113652/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/20/stories/2007072055911500.htm Three more get capital punishment] [[The Hindu]] – 19 July 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081201181121/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/20/stories/2007072055911500.htm Archived] 15 August 2009.</ref>
* '''Asghar Mukadam''' and '''Shahnawaz Qureshi''' planted an RDX-laden van in Plaza Cinema that killed 10 and injured 37 others. Mukadam loaded RDX in vehicles and disbursed money to conspirators while Qureshi undertook arms training and loaded contraband.  Both were sentenced to death on 19 July 2007.<ref name="Times of India"/>
* '''Abdul Ghani Turk''' was found guilty of loading RDX explosive into a jeep and parking it at Century Bazaar killing 113 and injuring 227. He was sentenced to death on 18 July 2007.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|title='93 Mumbai blasts: 3 get death sentence |work=The Times of India |location=India|date=19 July 2007|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/93_Mumbai_blasts_3_get_death_sentence/articleshow/2213717.cms |access-date=18 July 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071213221400/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/93_Mumbai_blasts_3_get_death_sentence/articleshow/2213717.cms  |archive-date = 13 December 2007}}</ref>
* '''Parvez Shaikh''' was found guilty of parking a bomb in Katha Bazaar that killed 4, and planting a bomb in Hotel Sea Rock that destroyed 9 crores ({{INR}} 90&nbsp;million) of property. He was sentenced to death on 18 July 2007.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
* '''Mohammed Iqbal Mohammed Yusuf Shaikh''' was convicted for throwing hand grenades in Sahar airport, parking an unexploded RDX-laden scooter in Naigaon, and loading RDX in vehicles. He was sentenced to death on 20 July 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title='93 Mumbai blasts: Seventh death sentence pronounced |work=The Times of India |location=India|date=20 July 2007|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2220201.cms |access-date=20 July 2007 }}{{dead link|date=August 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* '''Naseem Barmare''' was found guilty of hurling hand grenades at Sahara airport, parking an unexploded scooter at Naigaum, weapons training, conspiracy, and preparing bombs. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and fined {{INR}} 2,30,000.<ref name="Ghavate"/>
* '''Mohammed Farooq Pawale''' planted an RDX-laden car at Air-India Building killing 20 and injuring 84, parked an RDX-laden van near Sena Bhavan killing 4 and injuring 50, participated in arms training and landing of arms and ammunition. He was sentenced to death on 25 July 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=1993 blasts: One gets death sentence |location=India|date=25 July 2007|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-25/india/27959203_1_serial-blasts-special-tada-farooq-pawle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017171035/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-25/india/27959203_1_serial-blasts-special-tada-farooq-pawle |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 July 2007 }}</ref>
* '''Mushtaq Tarani''' participated in a meeting at hotel Taj Mahal and did a reconnaissance of the bombing sites. He planted bomb at Hotel Juhu Centaur injuring 3 and causing loss of property worth 2.10 crore ({{INR}} 21&nbsp;million) and planted an unexploded scooter at Sheikh Memen street in Zaveri Bazaar.  He was sentenced to death on 18 July 2007.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
* '''Imtiaz Ghavate''' planted an unexploded RDX-laden scooter at Dhanji street in South Mumbai, landed explosives, arms and ammunition, and was present where bombs were readied. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}} 2,27,000.<ref name="Ghavate">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070823145627/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071856141500.htm Two sentenced to life in 1993 Mumbai serial blasts case] – Hindu, 18 July 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://archive.today/20090904133544/http://www.thehindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071856141500.htm Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref>

In March 2013, most of these death sentences awarded by the [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]] court were commuted to life in prison until death by the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Only the death sentence of [[Yakub Memon]] was upheld.<ref>SC stays Yakub Memon's execution in Mumbai blasts case- The Hindu – 22 March 2013 [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sc-stays-yakub-memons-execution-in-mumbai-blasts-case/article6074430.ece]</ref>

===Accused involved===
Mohammed Moin Qureshi, Feroz Amani Malik, Bashir Khairulla, Zakir Hussain and Abdul Akhtar Khan had thrown hand grenades in Mahim Causeway causing 3 deaths and injuring 6. The driver, Salim Shaikh, did not throw any hand grenades.

* '''Bashir Khairulla''' was convicted for his participation in arms, ammunition and explosives training, conspirators' meetings, and filling of RDX in the vehicles. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on 20 July 2007.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/separated-by-93-blasts-reunited-in-mahim-wedding/340137/ Separated by '93 blasts, reunited in Mahim wedding] – Expressindia, 25 July 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120930065823/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/separated-by-93-blasts-reunited-in-mahim-wedding/340137/ Archived] 25 September 2009.</ref>
* '''Zakir Hussain''' was convicted for participating in the arms, ammunition and weapon training, conspirators' meetings and filling of RDX. He was sentenced to death on 24 July 2007.<ref name="http">{{cite news|title='93 blasts: Three get death sentence, one lifer |location=India|date=24 July 2007|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-24/india/27990239_1_life-imprisonment-serial-blasts-grenade-attack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017171028/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-24/india/27990239_1_life-imprisonment-serial-blasts-grenade-attack |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 July 2007 }}</ref>
* '''Abdul Akhtar Khan''' was convicted for taking arms, ammunition and explosives training in Pakistan. He was sentenced to death on 24 July 2007.<ref name="http"/>
* '''Firoz Amani Malik''' was convicted for taking arms, ammunition and explosives training in Pakistan. He was sentenced to death on 24 July 2007.<ref name="http"/>
* '''Moin Qureshi''' was convicted for participating in the arms, ammunition and explosives training, conspirators' meetings and filling RDX. He was also found guilty for possession of 17 hand grenades. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on 24 July 2007.<ref name="http"/>

===Landing agents===
* '''Dawood Phanse''', {{a.k.a.}} ''Dawood Takla'' (Dawood Baldie), was found guilty of conspiracy, organising the landing of arms, ammunition and the nearly {{convert|3000|kg|abbr=on}} of RDX at Shekhadi in Raigad district on 3 and 7 February 1993 and attending a conspiracy meeting in Dubai with Dawood Ibrahim and Tiger Memon.<ref name="Phanse">[http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=74274#compstory Dawood sent me back in a Mercedes] – Expressindia, 22 September 2006. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120929193050/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=74274 Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref> Due to his old age, he was given two life sentences (to be served concurrently) and fined 2 lakhs ({{INR}} 200,000).<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_1993-blasts-83-year-old-phanse-gets-lifer-seven-others-sentenced_1100030 1993 blasts: 83-year-old Phanse gets lifer, seven others sentenced] – PTI, 30 May 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120918122505/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_1993-blasts-83-year-old-phanse-gets-lifer-seven-others-sentenced_1100030 Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref><ref name="Parkar"/>
* '''Sharif Abdul Gafoor Parkar''', a.k.a. ''Dadabhai'', was found guilty of bribing officials and police at Raigad to assist in the landing of RDX, arms and ammunition at Shekhadi, showed training camps at Sandheri and Bhor Ghat, and transportation of consignment.<ref name="Phanse"/><ref name="Parkar"/> He was sentenced to 14&nbsp;years imprisonment as he was aware of the content of the contraband, but acquitted of conspiracy. He was also fined {{INR}} 2,00,000, defaulting which he would have to serve three more years.<ref name="Parkar">[http://www.twocircles.net/2007may24/mumbai-blasts-two-tiger-memon-aides-among-six-sentenced.html Mumbai blasts: Two Tiger Memon aides among six sentenced] – IANS, 24 May 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110810032439/http://twocircles.net/2007may24/mumbai-blasts-two-tiger-memon-aides-among-six-sentenced.html Archived] 4 September 2009.</ref>

===Customs officials===
* '''S.N. Thapa''', a former additional customs collector, was convicted for obtaining information about the landing at Shekhadi and identifying the main exit point. He is alleged to have laid a trap at Purarphata on Mhasla-Goregaon road on 30 January. Additionally, his team left their watch after 2 February in spite of warnings. However, confessions of some co-accused suggest that the landing took place many days after Thapa's team left for Mumbai and that the smugglers, in fact, postponed the landing as they heard from sources that an ambush had been laid for them by Thapa. These accusations stand to be the same even when contradicting others. Journalist S. Bhatt summarized the confessions thusly: "[they] bribed all Customs officers except for Thapa, who incidentally is an accused in the case."<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/22sheela.htm TADA court accepts Dawood's role in 1993 Mumbai blasts] – Rediff news, 22 September 2006</ref> In the 10,000-page judgement, TADA Court Judge P.D. Kode reasoned that even without evidence against Thapa, he received a life sentence because he was the senior-most customs officer and thus must be aware of the conspiracy. Thapa proclaimed his innocence and was confident that the greater conspiracy of his wrongful arrest, trial and conviction would be unveiled in the Supreme Court which, in 1994, granted him bail on lack of evidence.<ref>[http://www.rishabhdara.com/sc/view.php?case=11462 S.N. Supreme court cases: S.N. Thapa vs the state of Maharastra] – Rishabhdara</ref> Thapa died due to [[lung cancer]] on 11 April 2008. His family expressed hopes that the supreme court would hear their plea for the truth.<ref>[http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sentenced-to-life-mumbai-serial-blasts-accused-dies-of-cancer/295831/ Sentenced to life, Mumbai serial blasts accused dies of cancer] - Indian Express</ref>
* '''R K Singh''', a former assistant commissioner of customs, was convicted for facilitating the RDX landing in Shekhadi after accepting a bribe of more than 7.8&nbsp;lakh ({{INR}} 780,000). He was sentenced to 9 years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}} 3,00,000.<ref name="dnaindia.com">[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_1993-mumbai-blasts-4-custom-officers-3-others-sentenced_1099799 1993 Mumbai blasts: 4 custom officers, 3 others sentenced – Mumbai – DNA]. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 17 August 2013.</ref>
* '''Mohammed Sultan Sayyed''', a former customs superintendent, was convicted for facilitating the RDX landing in Shekhadi after accepting bribe of more than 7.8 lakh. He was sentenced to 7 years rigorous imprisonment and fine of {{INR}} 1,00,000.<ref name="dnaindia.com"/>
* '''Jaywant Gurav''', a former customs inspector.<ref name="reddif.com">[https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/aug/01verdict.htm 1993 Mumbai blasts case verdicts] - Reddif</ref> was convicted for allowing passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai and sentenced to 8 years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}} 2,00,000.<ref name="dnaindia.com"/>
* '''S S Talawadekar''', a former customs superintendent,<ref name="reddif.com"/> was convicted for allowing passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai and sentenced to 8 years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}} 2,00,000.<ref name="dnaindia.com"/>

===Policemen===
* '''Vijay Patil''', a former police sub-inspector, was found guilty of conspiracy and taking bribes to allow passage of RDX from Raigad to Mumbai.<ref name=HT>{{cite news|title=1993 Mumbai blasts: roles of convicts whose life term upheld|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/1993-mumbai-blasts-roles-of-convicts-whose-life-term-upheld/article1-1030018.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150804171259/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/1993-mumbai-blasts-roles-of-convicts-whose-life-term-upheld/article1-1030018.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2015|access-date=30 July 2015|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=21 March 2013}}</ref> He was sentenced to life imprisonment and 1 lakh ({{INR}} 100,000) fine on 22 May 2007.<ref name=HT />
* '''Ashok Narayan Muneshwar''', '''P M Mahadik''', '''Ramesh Mali''' and '''S Y Palshikar''', all police constables, were found guilty of allowing passage of RDX and arms from Raigad to Mumbai. They were each sentenced to six years' imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}} 25,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Five policemen held guilty in '93 blasts case|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-five-policemen-held-guilty-in-93-blasts-case-1055222|website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=30 July 2015|date=26 September 2006}}</ref>

===Other co-conspirators===
* '''Yusuf Nulwalla''' He was sentenced to five years rigorous imprisonment with an additional two years for destroying the evidence and a fine of {{INR}} 25,000.<ref name=Prachi>{{cite news|last=Pinglay|first=Prachi|title=Sanjay Dutt sentenced to 6 years in jail|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/sanjay-dutt-sentenced-to-6-years-in-jail/article1883721.ece|access-date=30 July 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 August 2007}}</ref>
* '''Kersi Adejania''' He has been sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of {{INR}} 25,000.<ref name=Prachi />
* '''Rusi Mulla''' He has been freed by the court but has to pay 1 lakh ({{INR}} 100,000) to the court.<ref name=Prachi />
* '''Zaibunnisa Kadri''' was found guilty for storing an AK-56 and hand grenades for Anees Ibrahim and Abu Salem, and she faced a minimum of five years RI <ref name="reddif.com"/>
* '''Manzoor Ahmed Sayed''' was convicted for carrying weapons from Sanjay Dutt's house to a co-accused's house has already spent 9 years in prison <ref name="reddif.com"/>
* '''Samir Hingora''' was convicted for conspiracy,<ref>{{cite news | title=Indian Court Sentences 5 in Mumbai Blasts, Including Bollywood Producer | date=1 June 2007 | publisher=Voice of America | url =http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-06/2007-06-01-voa33.cfm | work =VOA News | access-date =25 December 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115180358/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-06/2007-06-01-voa33.cfm |archive-date = 15 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> for supplying 3 AK-56 rifles, magazines, ammunition, and hand grenades to Sanjay Dutt's residence as instructed by Anis Ibrahim. The prosecution has sought the death sentence.
* '''Ibrahim Musa Chauhan''', alias Baba Chauhan, was convicted for supplying AK-56 rifles, magazines, ammunition, and hand grenades to Sanjay Dutt and Salim Kurla as instructed by Anis Ibrahim. He was also convicted for unlawful possession of one AK 56 rifle, 635 rounds of ammunition, 10 magazines, and 25 hand grenades <ref name="reddif.com"/>
* '''Ejaz Pathan''' was extradited from Dubai in 2003 for participating in Dubai meetings, providing men for landing of arms and ammunition at Shekhadi, and being in possession of explosives. Pathan died of Paralytic stroke in 2013.

==Popular culture==
*''[[Bombay March 12]]'' is Babu Janardhanan's Malayalam film based on the bombings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-17/news-interviews/29138033_1_bomb-blasts-mammootty-babu-janardhanan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503102740/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-17/news-interviews/29138033_1_bomb-blasts-mammootty-babu-janardhanan|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2012|title=Mammootty in Mumbai sequel?|date=17 March 2011|location=India|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 April 2011}}</ref>
*''[[Black Friday (2007 film)|Black Friday]]'' is a 2004 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[crime film]], written and directed by [[Anurag Kashyap]], based on ''Black Friday – The True Story of the Bombay Bomb Blasts'', a book by [[Hussain Zaidi]] about the 1993 Bombay bombings.
*''[[Sanju]]'' is a 2018 [[biographical film]] of the Indian actor [[Sanjay Dutt]] which covers some parts of the event and the actor's involvement in it.

==See also==
* [[2006 Mumbai train bombings]]
* [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
* [[2011 Mumbai bombings]]
* [[Bowbazaar bomb blast 1993]]
* [[Azam Ghauri]] (One of the 1993 bombers shot by police in 2000)
* [[Bombay riots]] of 1992–1993
* [[Srikrishna Commission]], investigating the Bombay riots and bombings
* [[Zanjeer (dog)]], a bomb-finder dog distinguished for identifying numerous explosives

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/25blast.htm At least 48 die in Mumbai blasts in 2003]
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/26raman.htm 2003 report: "Why is Mumbai a tempting target?"]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/12/newsid_4272000/4272943.stm BBC On this day – 1993: Mumbai hit by devastating bombs]
* [http://www.financialexpress.com/fe-columnist/from-when-pm-narendra-modi-snapped-and-how-smriti-irani-stole-the-rakhi-limelight-an-insiders-account/359729/ From when PM Narendra Modi 'snapped', and how Smriti Irani stole the 'Rakhi' limelight; an insider's account]
{{Mumbai topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombay bombings}}

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[[Category:1993 Bombay bombings| ]]
[[Category:Explosions in 1993]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 1993]]
[[Category:D-Company]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Improvised explosive device bombings in India]]
[[Category:Organised crime events in India]]
[[Category:Rao administration]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1993]]
[[Category:Attacks on office buildings]]
[[Category:Attacks on hotels in Asia]]
[[Category:Hotel bombings]]
[[Category:Attacks on bank buildings]]
[[Category:March 1993 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:Car and truck bombings in India]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Shopping mall bombings]]
[[Category:Building bombings in India]]