View source for 1998 Malpa landslide

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
The '''Malpa landslide''' was one of the worst landslides in [[India]]. On 18 August 1998 at 3.00 a.m., massive landslides wiped away the entire village of Malpa in the [[Pithoragarh district]] of [[Uttarakhand]], then in [[Uttar Pradesh]] in Kali Valley of Higher [[Kumaon division]] of the [[Himalayas]]. The rockfall started on 16 August bringing down huge rocks which initially killed three mules. A total of 221 people died, including 60 Hindu pilgrims traveling to Tibet as part of "Kailash Manas Sarovar Yatra". One noted death was that of the Indian dancer [[Protima Bedi]]. The rockfall continued till 21 August. As the area lies in a [[seismic zone]], the earthquakes of 1979 and 1980 may have been the underlying cause, as was attributed by a report of the [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]].<ref>[[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]][http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb25/articles13.htm][http://www.wihg.res.in/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030082841/http://www.wihg.res.in/ |date=30 October 2014 }}</ref>
[[File:Pithoragarh Panorama.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Pithoragarh valley Panoramic view]]

== Causes of landslide ==
The landslide generated around one million cubic meters of rock fall and debris flow. This debris partially blocked the [[Sharda River]]. The landslide prevailed mostly due to steep, almost vertical, slopes of rock above the valley. In addition to the slopes, the proximity of the rock mass to major tectonic plates, major rainfall into the porous rock, and stress on the rock formations all contributed to the landslide. Natural disasters in the area have been attributed to ″unplanned construction and urbanization on the fluvial and un-consolidated materials produced by [[active fault]]s/thrusts in various sectors.″<ref>Neotectonically triggered instability around the palaeolake regime in Central Kumaun Himalaya, India [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273521968_Neotectonically_triggered_instability_around_the_palaeolake_regime_in_Central_Kumaun_Himalaya_India][https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275999558_Neotectonically_triggered_instability_around_the_palaeolake_regime_in_Central_Kumaun_Himalaya_India]</ref>

The slide demonstrated the distressed state of rock in the Himalayan region because of the drift of the Indian plate northward.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Catastrophic mass movement of 1998 monsoons at Malpa in Kali Valley, Kumaun Himalaya (India)|journal = Geomorphology|date = 2000-11-01|pages = 169–180|volume = 35|issue = 3–4|doi = 10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00032-5|first = S. K|last = Paul|first2 = S. K|last2 = Bartarya|first3 = Piyoosh|last3 = Rautela|first4 = A. K|last4 = Mahajan}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttarakhand}}
{{Disasters in Uttarakhand}}
{{Natural disasters in India}}

{{#seo:
|keywords=Landslides in India, 1998 disasters in India, History of Uttarakhand (1947–present), Disasters in Uttarakhand, Landslides in 1998
|description=
}}

[[Category:Landslides in India]]
[[Category:1998 disasters in India]]
[[Category:History of Uttarakhand (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Disasters in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Landslides in 1998]]

{{india-hist-stub}}
{{disaster-stub}}