View source for 1999 East India cyclone

{{Short description|1999 tropical cyclone that struck India}}
{{Sources exist|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{infobox weather event
| image = 04B 1999-10-17 0000Z.png
| caption = 04B at peak intensity approaching [[Odisha]].
| formed = {{start date|df=yes|1999|10|15}}
| dissipated = {{end date|df=yes|1999|10|19}}
}}{{infobox weather event/IMD
| winds = 90
| pressure = 968
}}{{infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 120
| pressure = 
}}{{infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 1999
| fatalities = 198
| damage = 1000000000
| areas = [[India]] (particularly [[Odisha]])
| refs = 
}}{{infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[1999 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}
The '''1999 East India Cyclone''' ([[India Meteorological Department|IMD]] designated '''BOB 05''',<ref name="IMD"/> [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]] designated '''04B'''), was the second strongest, deadliest, and costliest cyclone of the [[1999 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]. On October 15, a developing area of low pressure, located 220&nbsp;nm northwest of the [[Andaman Islands]] began to intensify. By 1730Z a TCFA was issued and the first advisory on Tropical Storm 04B was issued at 2100Z. 04B was moving to the west-northwest at 8–12&nbsp;knots as it continued to intensify. On October 17, the storm began to turn to a more northerly direction as it intensified to a cyclone. 04B underwent explosive intensification the same day and reached its peak of 140&nbsp;mph at 0000Z. The storm held this intensity as it made landfall on the Odisha coastline near Gopalpur beach at around 8am.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |author=Emily Schmall and Bikas Das|agency=Associated Press |title=Strong cyclone lashes east India, impacts Asian subcontinent |url=https://www.dailycommercial.com/story/news/nation-world/2019/05/03/strong-cyclone-lashes-east-india/5265532007/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Daily Commercial |language=en-US}}</ref> The storm began to weaken due to the interaction with land and dissipated on October 19.
04B was responsible for at least 180 fatalities and hundreds of houses and huts in low-lying areas were destroyed by flooding.<ref name="IMD">{{cite web |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances over North India Ocean during 1999 |url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/1999.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503021048/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/1999.pdf |archive-date=3 May 2019 |date=February 2000 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Several thousand others were injured by the storm and hundreds were left homeless. The Prime Minister of India requested that relief supplies be distributed to the affected region immediately.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=The Birmingham Post|date=October 20, 1999|title=Cyclone kills 79|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-60485385}}</ref>

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Cyclone 04B 1999 track.png}}
On October 15, a developing area of low pressure, located 220&nbsp;nm northwest of the [[Andaman Islands]] began to intensify. By 1730Z a TCFA was issued and the first advisory on Tropical Storm 04B was issued at 2100Z. 04B was moving to the west-northwest at 8–12&nbsp;knots as it continued to intensify. On October 17, the storm began to turn to a more northerly direction as it intensified to a cyclone. 04B underwent explosive intensification the same day and reached its peak of 140&nbsp;mph at 0000Z. The storm held this intensity as it made landfall on the Odisha coastline near Gopalpur beach. The storm began to weaken due to the interaction with land and dissipated on October 19.

==Impact==
At least 200 trains were canceled across India.<ref name=":0" /> The storm hit in the middle of India's six-week general election, with rain forecast in Kolkata forcing political parties to cancel campaign events.<ref name=":0" />

=== Odisha ===
In Odisha, 197 people lost their lives, and 402 people were injured. Thousands of hectares of crops were lost.<ref name="IMD" /> The State of Odisha has put a lot of effort into creating a disaster risk management structure after 1999.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fanchiotti |first1=Margherita |last2=Dash |first2=Jadu |last3=Tompkins |first3=Emma L. |last4=Hutton |first4=Craig W. |date=2020-12-01 |title=The 1999 super cyclone in Odisha, India: A systematic review of documented losses |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/446820/1/IJDRR_2020_375_R1_v2.pdf |journal=International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction |language=en |volume=51 |article-number=101790 |doi=10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101790 |bibcode=2020IJDRR..5101790F |s2cid=225007734 |issn=2212-4209}}</ref>

=== Andhra Pradesh ===
In Andhra Pradesh, one person lost his life, and millions of trees were uprooted.<ref name="IMD" />

==See also==
* [[1999 Odisha Cyclone]] - The next storm in the season that devastated similar areas.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 1999]]