View source for 2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census

{{Short description|Indian government social justice agency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}{{use Indian English|date= January 2014}}
{{Infobox census
| name = Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| logo_caption = 
| image = 
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| previous_census = [[1931 Census of India|1931]]
| date =
| next_census = Unknown
| country = [[India]]
| authority = [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Ministry of Rural Development]]
| website = {{URL|https://secc.gov.in/}}
| population = 1,186,403,770
| most_populous = 
| least_populous = 
| additional_label1 = 
| additional_data1 =
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| additional_data2 = 
| additional_label5 = 
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}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011''' ('''SECC''') was conducted for the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhalla |first=Surjit S |date=23 July 2015 |title=Column: How bad is the SECC data? Very bad |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/fe-columnist/column-how-bad-is-the-secc-data-very-bad/105798/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Damodaran |first=Harish |date=9 July 2015 |title=Socio Economic and Caste Census for 2011 : Five key takeaways |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/socio-economic-and-caste-census-for-2011-five-key-takeaways/97602/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabnavis |first=Madan |date=13 July 2015 |title=The many shades of deprivation |work=[[Business Line]] |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/the-many-shades-of-deprivation/article7417888.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewari |first=Ruhi |date=25 June 2015 |title=Socio Economic Caste Census: In villages, one in three households in poverty; over a fifth SC/STs |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/in-villages-one-in-three-households-in-poverty-over-a-fifth-scsts/}}</ref> The [[Second ministry of Manmohan Singh|Manmohan Singh government]] approved the Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 to be carried out after discussion in both houses of Parliament in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anuja |date=2011-06-29 |title=Socio - Economic and Caste Census 2011 begins |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/3moTeuqKAfQqy4p5WDezwJ/Socio--Economic-and-Caste-Census-2011-begins.html |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> SECC-2011 was not done under the 1948 Census of India Act and the [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] was not entrusted to do the same.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mandal |first=Dilip |date=5 August 2022 |title=Not counting, won't let states count either—Modi govt's message on caste census |newspaper=[[ThePrint]]|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/more-bad-policies-caste-disputes-thats-what-keeping-census-on-union-list-will-bring/1070055/}}</ref> The SECC 2011 was conducted in all [[states and union territories of India]] and the first findings were revealed on 3 July 2015 by Union Finance Minister [[Arun Jaitley]].<ref>{{Cite news |author= |date=3 July 2015 |title=Govt releases socio-economic and caste census for better policy-making |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/govt-releases-socio-economic-and-caste-census-for-better-policy-making/story-Ajf4fLjhq9ghHZDDVxYOMP.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mehra |first=Puja |date=6 July 2015 |title=Jaitley: our priority is to eliminate deprivation |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jaitley-our-priority-is-to-eliminate-deprivation/article7390035.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Arun Jaitley refutes charges of withholding caste census data |last1=Nanda |first1=Prashant K. |author2=Anuja |first3=Elizabeth |last3=Roche |date=16 July 2015 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Z7qBrPVydCpoMJ6hkunaZP/Arun-Jaitley-refutes-charges-of-withholding-caste-census-dat.html}}</ref> SECC 2011 is also the first paperless census in India conducted on hand-held electronic devices by the government in [[List of districts in India|640 districts]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-03 |title=Socio Economic and Caste Census paints grim rural picture, to help improve social schemes |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/socio-economic-and-caste-census-paints-grim-rural-picture-to-help-improve-social-schemes/articleshow/47930341.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tewari |first1=Ruhi |last2=Singh |first2=Vijaita |date=8 July 2015 |title=Rural Development to Home to Social Justice, no one wants to own undisclosed caste data |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/rural-development-to-home-to-social-justice-no-one-wants-to-own-undisclosed-caste-data/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=The Quint |date=3 July 2015 |title=Socio-Economic & Caste Census: One in Three Households in Poverty |website=[[The Quint]] |url=https://www.thequint.com/hot-wire/2015/07/03/govt-releases-socio-economic-caste-census}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|rural development ministry]] has taken a decision to use the SECC data in all its programmes such as [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005|MGNREGA]], [[National Food Security Act, 2013|National Food Security Act]], and the [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Sanjeeb |date=13 July 2015 |title=Centre to first use SECC data in 25% of villages |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/centre-to-first-use-secc-data-in-25-of-villages-115071300035_1.html}}</ref> SECC 2011 was the first caste-based census since [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India#1931|1931 Census of India]],<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=11 March 2010 |title=No data since 1931, will 2011 Census be all-caste inclusive? |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Times News Network |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/No-data-since-1931-will-2011-Census-be-all-caste-inclusive/articleshow/5669801.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Padmanabhan |first=Anil |date=19 July 2015 |title=Development vs caste: déjà vu |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/BlraW3bo9gLJcCAZyxvfVK/Development-vs-caste-dj-vu.html}}</ref> and it was launched on 29 June 2011 from the Sankhola village of Hazemara block in [[West Tripura district]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=72924|title=Press Information Bureau|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/november-date-for-caste-census-first-ever-central-survey-to-determine-number-of-bpl-families-in-state/cid/370287|title=November date for caste census - First ever central survey to determine number of BPL families in state|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== History ==
Both major political parties, the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party had differences within the party over caste-based census.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/caste-census-after-cong-dissent-brews-within-bjp/story-g56SSjA2de93GbKSC23snK.html|title=Caste census: After Cong, dissent brews within BJP|date=28 May 2010|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |first1=Liz |last1=Mathew |first2=Sahil |last2=Makkar |date=8 May 2010 |title=UPA blinks, may include caste count in Census |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/nErfqn2UyM1vqovRBU99XL/UPA-blinks-may-include-caste-count-in-Census.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-rethink-on-caste-census-426320|title=BJP rethink on caste census?|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/cabinet-split-on-caste-based-census-409556-2010-05-05|title=Cabinet split on caste-based Census|website=India Today}}</ref> Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha [[Sushma Swaraj]] supported the idea of caste-based census,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/parivar-divided-over-castebased-census/617648/|title=Parivar divided over caste-based census - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> while then Union Home Minister [[P. Chidambaram]] was against it citing practical difficulties in counting caste while conducting the census.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/808249/as-quota-wars-rage-are-upper-caste-interests-blocking-caste-census-data|title=As quota wars rage, are upper caste interests blocking caste census data?|first=Shoaib|last=Daniyal|website=Scroll.in|date=30 May 2016 }}</ref><ref name="auto"/>  SECC 2011 data will also be used to identify beneficiaries and expand the direct benefit transfer scheme as part of its plans to build upon the JAM ([[Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana]]-Aadhaar-Mobile Governance) trinity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/to-build-upon-jam-trinity-finmin-to-look-into-caste-census/|title=To build upon JAM trinity, FinMin to look into caste census|date=2 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/for-better-targetting-jamming-the-subsidies/|title=Socio-Economic & Caste Census to use Jan Dhan Aadhar Mobile number trinity to better target benefeciaries|date=14 July 2015}}</ref> SECC 2011 also counted other aspects like [[Manual scavenging]] and [[Transgender]] count in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/editorials/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-should-aim-to-stamp-out-manual-scavenging/story-6Mfkfn27AYndBR4OaJnCQP.html|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan should aim to stamp out manual scavenging|date=12 July 2015|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-worst-in-the-south-in-manual-scavenging-numbers/article7396071.ece|title=Karnataka worst in the south in manual scavenging numbers|first=Mohit M.|last=Rao|date=8 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/census-yanks-lid-off-india-scavenger-stink/cid/1512167|title=Census yanks lid off India scavenger stink|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> SECC 2011 was not conducted under [[Population and housing censuses by country#India|1948 Census of India Act]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/socio-economic-and-caste-census-data-unreliable-or-incomplete-experts/articleshow/48137666.cms|title=Socio Economic and Caste Census data unreliable or incomplete: Experts|date=20 July 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/author/nilanjanmukhopadhyay/2015/07/17/article653067.ece/So-called-caste-census-was-a-waste-conduct-a-fresh-one|title=So-called caste census was a waste, conduct a fresh one}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/chuck-the-bpl-card/|title=Chuck the BPL card|date=10 July 2015}}</ref> which in turn made information disclosure voluntary for citizens, and not a mandatory disclosure.<ref name="discrepancy"/> Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 was the fourth exercise conducted by [[Government of India]] to identify households living below the poverty line (BPL) in India that would get various entitlements, after three censuses in 1992, 1997 and 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/740903/indias-socio-economic-census-threatens-to-exclude-crores-of-poor-from-social-schemes|title=India's socio-economic census threatens to exclude crores of poor from social schemes|first=Anumeha|last=Yadav|website=Scroll.in|date=16 July 2015 }}</ref> The last BPL census was conducted in India in 2002 and the procedure adopted was to collect information on 13 indicators for every rural household and assign a mark for each of these.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/neither-bpl-nor-apl/|title=Neither BPL nor APL|date=22 July 2015}}</ref> The first caste census was conducted in India in 1881.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/08/counting-castes-in-india/|title=Counting Castes in India|first=Krzysztof|last= Iwanek|website=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/how-many-is-your-caste/297527|title='How Many' Is Your Caste?|website=Outlook (India)|date=4 February 2022}}</ref> In January 2017, Central Government accepted recommendations to use Socio-Economic Caste Census, instead of poverty line, as the main instrument for identification of beneficiaries and transferring of funds for social schemes in rural areas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/centre-to-use-secc-data-as-social-registry-to-route-all-benefits-117011300887_1.html|title=Socio-Economic Census to replace poverty line|first=Sanjeeb|last=Mukherjee|date=14 January 2017|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref>

SECC 2011 has three census components which were conducted by three separate authorities,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/HoD41QjovO493fyHcPOAMI/The-politics-of-data-1931--2015.html|title=The politics of data: 1931 & 2015|first=Dipankar De|last=Sarkar|date=24 July 2015|website=Mint}}</ref> but under the overall coordination of [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Department of Rural Development]] in the Government of India:
* Census in Rural Area has been conducted by the [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Department of Rural Development]].
* Census in Urban areas is under the administrative jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation]]. 
* Caste Census is under the administrative control of [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]: [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]].

SECC data 2011 has been referred for analysis by an expert group, headed by [[NITI Aayog]] vice-chairman [[Arvind Panagariya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/policy/caste-census-data-niti-ayog-arvind-panagariya/story/221780.html|title=Govt sets up expert group to collate caste census data|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=16 July 2015 }}</ref> This expert group is set up by the ministries of [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (India)|social justice]] and [[Ministry of Tribal Affairs|tribal development]], before making public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Experts-to-go-through-caste-census/articleshow/48062639.cms|title=Experts to go through caste census &#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 July 2015 }}</ref>

==Caste census published in July 2014==
Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 conducted by the Registrar General of India has come out with 4,673,034 categories of caste, sub-caste, synonyms, different surnames, gotras in the caste and clan names.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/8-crore-errors-found-in-caste-data-government/article7474939.ece|title=8 crore errors found in caste data: government|first=|last=|date=29 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cabinet-meeting-panagariya-to-head-panel-to-classify-caste-census-data/|title=Cabinet meeting: Panagariya to head panel to 'classify' caste census data|date=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/classifying-caste-census-data-could-be-panagariya-s-toughest-job/story-SYNZijYZOYQwyNyOPjxikN.html|title=Classifying caste census data could be Panagariya's toughest job|date=18 July 2015|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/489752/socio-economic-census-2011-reveals.html|title=Socio-economic census 2011 reveals 46 lakh castes, sub-castes|date=17 July 2015|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> These caste data were sent to all the states in November 2014 for clubbing them to consolidate the caste count.<ref>http://www.abplive.in/india/2015/07/16/article652176.ece/Caste-census-data-to-be-released-Government {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/ajit-ranade/Into-the-caste-cauldron/articleshow/48121707.cms|title=Into the caste cauldron|website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> On 28 July 2015, Government of India said that a total of 81,958,314 errors were found in caste particulars and all states and Union Territories, of which 67,381,119 errors have been rectified.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/07/29/the-morning-wrap-287_n_7888668.html|title=The Morning Wrap: One Crore Errors In Government Caste Census; Eight Air India Dreamliner Pilots Resign|date=29 July 2015}}</ref> However, 14,577,195 errors are yet to be rectified.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Caste-census-report-had-over-8-crore-errors-Govt/articleshow/48259008.cms|title=Caste census report had over 8 crore errors: Govt &#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/government-defends-deferment-of-caste-data-8-19-crore-errors-found/articleshow/48255008.cms|title=Government defends deferment of caste data; 8.19 crore errors found|date=28 July 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2015/jul/29/caste-census-states-asked-to-rectify-1.45-crore-errors-787561.html|title=Caste Census: States Asked to Rectify 1.45 Crore Errors|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> A report of Parliamentary Committee on Rural Development submitted to Lok Sabha Speaker on August 31, 2016, stated that 98.87 per cent data on individuals' caste and religion is error-free.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/caste-census-in-india-has-a-complicated-history-the-fate-of-bihar-is-not-new-news-284360|title=Caste Census In India Has A Complicated History, The Fate Of Bihar Is Not New}}</ref> Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner noted incidence of errors in respect of 13,477,030 individuals out of total SECC population of 118,64,03,770.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/98-of-the-caste-data-is-error-free-rgi-told-house-panel-in-2016/article36702927.ece|title=98% of the caste data is error-free: Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India told parliamentary panel in 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-caste-census-debate-7422053/|title=Explained: The caste census debate, and the government stand over the years}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S.No !! State !! Errors
|-
| 1|| [[Maharashtra]]|| 69.1 [[lakhs]]
|-
| 2|| [[Madhya Pradesh]]|| 13.9 lakhs
|-
| 3|| [[West Bengal]]|| 11.6 lakhs
|-
| 4|| [[Rajasthan]] || 7.2 lakhs
|-
| 5|| [[Uttar Pradesh]]|| 5.4 lakhs
|-
| 6|| [[Karnataka]]|| 2.9 lakhs
|-
| 7|| [[Bihar]]|| 1.75 lakhs
|-
| 8|| [[Tamil Nadu]]|| 1.4 lakhs
|}

The Census 2011 recorded 11.65 lakh rural houseless people, while in SECC their numbers were only 6.1 lakh. The provisional rural data of SECC 2011 shows Scheduled Castes at 18.46% (or 15.88 crore), Scheduled Tribes at 10.97% (9.27 crore), Others at 68.52%, and 2.04% (or 36.57 lakh) as "No Caste & Tribe" households.<ref name="discrepancy">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/746204/before-releasing-caste-numbers-the-government-needs-to-account-for-discrepancies-in-data|title=Before releasing caste numbers, the government needs to account for discrepancies in data|first=Anumeha|last=Yadav|website=Scroll.in|date=7 August 2015 }}</ref>

==Census report of SECC 2011==
* There are 24.49<ref name="Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011">{{Cite web | url=https://secc.gov.in/reportlistContent |title = Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011}}</ref> [[crore]] (243.9 million) households in India, of which 17.97 (179.7<ref name="Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011"/> million) crore live in villages. Of these, 10.74<ref name="Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011"/> crore households are considered as deprived.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Census-2011-data-released-10-key-highlights/articleshow/47923276.cms|title=Census 2011 data released: 10 key highlights &#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=3 July 2015 }}</ref>
* 5.37 crore (29.97%) households in rural areas are "landless deriving a major part of their income from manual labour".
* As many as  23,700,000 (13.25%) families in villages live in a one-room house with 'kachcha' (impermanent) walls and roof.
* 21.53%, or 38,600,000, families living in villages belong to SC/ST categories.
* 56% of India's rural households lack agricultural land.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/twice-as-many-census-springs-landless-surprise/cid/1512143|title=Twice as many: census springs landless surprise|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/half-of-rural-india-still-doesnt-own-agricultural-land-secc-2011/articleshow/48062767.cms|title=Half of rural India still doesn't own agricultural land: SECC 2011|date=9 September 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
* 36% of 884 million people in rural India are non-literate. This is higher than the 32% recorded by [[2011 Census of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/socio-economic-and-caste-census-2011-shows-growing-illiteracy-in-rural-india/article7383859.ece|title=Over a third of rural India still illiterate: Socio Economic Census|first=Tca Sharad|last=Raghavan|date=4 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
* Of the 64% literate rural Indians, more than a fifth have not completed primary school.
* 60% of the  179,100,000 rural households are deprived or poor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/a-greek-tragedy-every-which-way/|title=A Greek tragedy every which way|date=12 July 2015}}</ref>
* 35% of urban Indian households qualify as poor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/35-per-cent-urban-india-is-bpl-says-unreleased-data/|title=35 per cent urban India is BPL, says unreleased data|date=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/urban-poor/|title=Urban, poor|date=18 July 2015}}</ref>
* 74.5% (133,400,000) of rural households survive on a monthly income of Rs 5,000 for their highest earner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/the-90-per-cent-3/|title=Letter from the Nirmalkars: The 90 per cent|date=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/data/socio-economic-and-caste-censuss-data-on-standard-of-living-of-rural-households/article7383259.ece|title=8 Reality Checks from the SECC|first1=Rukmini|last1=S|first2=Samarth|last2=Bansal|date=3 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
* 5.4% of rural India has completed high school.
* 3.4% of rural households have a family member who is a graduate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/socio-economic-and-caste-census-rural-realities/article7392533.ece|title=Rural realities|date=7 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
* 4.6% of all rural households in India pay income tax.
* 14% of rural households are employed either with the government or the private sector.
* 180,657 households are engaged in [[manual scavenging]] for a livelihood. Maharashtra, with 63,713, tops the list of the largest number of manual scavenger households, followed by Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manual-scavenging-still-a-reality-socioeconomic-caste-census/article7400578.ece|title=Manual scavenging still a reality|first=Vidya|last=Venkat|date=9 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
* Over 48 per cent of the Indian rural population is female.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/over-48-pc-of-rural-population-is-female/article7383862.ece|title=Over 48 p.c. of rural population is female|first=Tca Sharad|last=Raghavan|date=4 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
* 44.72 crore Indians are non-literate, more than a third of its 121.08 crore population.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/37-lakh-first-time-voters-in-India-are-unlettered-Census/articleshow/48012534.cms|title=37 lakh first-time voters in India are unlettered: Census &#124; Lucknow News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=10 July 2015 }}</ref>
* [[Transgender]] people comprise 0.1% of India's rural population. The Andaman and Nicobar islands, West Bengal, Gujarat, Odisha and Mizoram have the highest proportions of transgender people.
* The military and the para-military were kept out of the SECC.
* [[Government of Karnataka]]'s Socio Economic Survey 2015 conducted by the Karnataka State Commission for Backward Classes was put up on the official website.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Information-on-your-caste-and-religion-is-now-on-Karnataka-govt-website/articleshow/47965568.cms|title=Information on your caste and religion is now on Karnataka govt website &#124; Bengaluru News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=7 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/random-check-shows-erroneous-census-data/articleshow/56207953.cms|title=Random check shows erroneous census data|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> The survey was launched on 11 April 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/karnataka-caste-count-cm-wants-it-out-after-33-queries/|title=Karnataka caste count: CM wants it out after 33 queries|date=18 April 2015}}</ref> 133,000 enumerators carried out the Socio Economic Survey 2015 into every village, town and street to compile data related to religion, caste, education, social and economic condition of about 6.60 crore people in [[Karnataka]] by covering about 1.26 crore families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2015/apr/09/caste-census-in-state-to-cover-1.26-crore-families-739983.html|title=Caste Census in State to Cover 1.26 Crore Families|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* Social Welfare Department of [[Government of Karnataka]] may carry out a second round of caste census for 2.37 lakh families in [[Bengaluru]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/491161/second-round-caste-census.html|title=Second round of caste census}}</ref> as the survey covered only 18.8 lakh families out of total 21,16,949 families in [[Bengaluru]], which accounts for 88.82%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-may-have-one-more-round-of-caste-census/article7458688.ece|title=Bengaluru may have one more round of caste census|first=B. s Satish|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
* Kerala tops in the number of people with mental ailments in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Census-presents-grim-figures-on-health-education/articleshow/47957502.cms|title=Census presents grim figures on health, education &#124; Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=6 July 2015 }}</ref>
* 1% of rural households own a landline phone without a mobile phone, while 68.35% rural households have mobile phones as their only phone(s).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/socio-economic-caste-census-2011-a-mobile-in-2-of-every-3-rural-homes-a-salaried-job-in-1-of-10/|title=Socio Economic & Caste Census 2011: A mobile in 2 of every 3 rural homes, a salaried job in 1 of 10|date=6 July 2015}}</ref>

==Criticism==
SECC 2011 data was criticised by a few experts as being unreliable.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/poke-me/poke-me-delink-surveys-like-secc-2011-from-pre-poll-shenanigans/articleshow/48175953.cms|title=Poke me: Delink surveys like SECC 2011 from pre-poll shenanigans|date=22 July 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/poke-me/poke-me-delink-surveys-like-secc-2011-from-pre-poll-shenanigans-readers-react/articleshow/48210908.cms|title=Poke me: Delink surveys like SECC 2011 from pre-poll shenanigans (Readers' React)|date=25 July 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> There is criticism that caste related data is deliberately withheld,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/socio-economic-caste-census-numbers-not-being-revealed-to-hide-upper-caste-dominance-in-governance/articleshow/48034215.cms|title=Socio-economic caste census: Numbers not being revealed to hide upper caste dominance in governance?|first=Rajesh|last=Ramachandran|date=12 July 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/columnists/caste-census-and-obc-bandwagon-852|title=Caste census and the OBC bandwagon}}</ref> similar to the religious data of [[2011 Census of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/01/09/where-are-indias-census-figures-on-religion/|title=Where Are India's 2011 Census Figures on Religion?|first=Joanna Sugden and Shanoor|last=Seervai|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=9 January 2015}}</ref> The religious data of Census 2011 was finally released by Government of India on 25 August 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/indias-population-121-09-crores-hindus-79-8-pc-muslims-14-2-pc-census/| title= Census 2011: Muslims record decadal growth of 24.6 pc, Hindus 16.8 pc | author= Abantika Ghosh, Vijaita Singh | work=Indian Express| date= 24 January 2015 | publisher= Indian Express| accessdate= 2015-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Muslim-population-growth-slows/article10336665.ece|title=Muslim population growth slows|first1=Rukmini|last1=S|first2=Vijaita|last2=Singh|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 August 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title=India Census 2011 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2015-08-25}}</ref> On 13 July 2015, [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] led a march demanding the Central government to release the findings of the SECC on caste.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lalu-leads-march-for-caste-census-data/article7418607.ece|title=Lalu leads march for caste census data|first=Amarnath|last=Tewary|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2015/jul/14/lalus-ultimatum-to-modi-government-on-caste-census-data-783726.html|title=Lalu's Ultimatum to Modi Government on Caste Census Data|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/caste-census-data-demand-is-jehad-lalu/article7449349.ece|title=Caste census data demand is 'jehad': Lalu|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Politicians like M [[Karunanidhi]] and [[Anbumani Ramadoss]] too demanded to release the caste-based census data that will help to provide the key to justify the existing 69 per cent quota for backward communities in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2015/jul/07/release-of-caste-census-data-crucial-to-justify-69-per-cent-quota-to-backward-classes-780227.html|title=Release of Caste Census Data Crucial to Justify 69 Per Cent Quota to Backward Classes|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/jul/06/karunanidhi-demands-release-of-caste-census-data-780022.html|title=Karunanidhi Demands Release of Caste Census Data|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/dravidian-parties-responsible-for-appalling-human-indices-pmk/article7397144.ece|title=Dravidian parties responsible for appalling human indices: PMK|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 July 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> [[Nitish Kumar]] and [[Veerappa Moily]] also accused the Central Government of withholding caste-based census data,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/bihar-polls/story/bihar-assembly-polls-arun-jaitley-nitish-kumar-lalu-prasad-secc-281213-2015-07-08|title=Bihar polls: Nitish-Lalu alliance uses caste census against BJP|date=July 26, 2015 |magazine=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-09/news/64243559_1_secc-economic-caste-census-caste-data|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714131906/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-09/news/64243559_1_secc-economic-caste-census-caste-data|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2015|title=Former union minister, M Veerappa Moily demands caste data collected to be made public}}</ref> although Union Minister [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] pitched for a comprehensive classification of caste data of SECC 2011 before its release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/ram-vilas-dalit-face-wherever-you-go-manjhi-can-be-mahadalit-face/|title=Ram Vilas Dalit face wherever you go, Jitan Ram Manjhi can be Mahadalit face|date=29 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/lalu-prasad-nitish-kumar-to-be-hit-hardest-if-caste-data-released-paswan/|title=Lalu Prasad, Nitish Kumar to be hit hardest if caste data released: Paswan|date=19 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lalu-prasad-yadav-nitish-kumar-to-be-hit-hardest-if-caste-data-released-ram-vilas-paswan/articleshow/48134227.cms|title=Lalu Prasad Yadav, Nitish Kumar to be hit hardest if caste data released: Ram Vilas Paswan|date=19 July 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/caste-data-will-hit-lalu-prasad-and-nitish-kumar-the-hardest-claims-union-minister-ram-vilas-paswan-783046|title=Caste Data Will Hit Lalu Prasad and Nitish Kumar Hard, Claims Union Minister Ram Vilas Paswan|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lalu-Nitish-to-be-hit-hardest-if-caste-data-released-Paswan/articleshow/48134441.cms|title=Lalu, Nitish to be hit hardest if caste data released: Paswan &#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 July 2015 }}</ref> BJP Leader [[Sushil Kumar Modi]] called for rectification of errors in the cases of 14,600,000 people in India, including 175,000 people in [[Bihar]] before releasing the caste data.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/caste-census-data-release-after-error-correction-sushil-115072100870_1.html|title=Caste census data to be release after error correction: Sushil Modi|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=21 July 2015|via=Business Standard|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref> The [[Other Backward Class|OBC]]s were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the [[Mandal Commission]] report of 1980, a figure which had shrunk to 41% by 2006 when the [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] took place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/survey-puts-obc-population-at-40-pc/story-CuajzBUPRt4LZCtiw6aSbI.html|title=Survey puts OBC population at 40 pc|date=3 September 2007|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-05-07/news/28386153_1_population-backward-classes-census|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219101934/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-05-07/news/28386153_1_population-backward-classes-census|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2016|title=OBC population in UP stands at 7 crore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBCs-form-41-of-population-Survey/articleshow/2328117.cms|title=OBCs form 41% of population: Survey &#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBc-count-52-or-41/articleshow/263918.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020047/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-01/india/27792478_1_obc-count-obc-numbers-nsso | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-12-03 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=OBc count: 52 or 41%?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/01quota.htm|title=OBCs make up 41% of population: Survey|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> Below is the distribution of population of each Religion by Caste Categories, obtained from merged sample of Schedule 1 and Schedule 10 of available data from the [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] 55th (1999–2000) and [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] 61st Rounds (2004–05) Round Survey<ref>{{cite web |last=Sachar |first=Rajindar |title=Sachar Committee Report(2004-2005) |publisher=Government of India |year=2006 |url=http://www.teindia.nic.in/Files/Reports/CCR/Sachar%20Committee%20Report.pdf |access-date=2008-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402143832/http://www.teindia.nic.in/Files/Reports/CCR/Sachar%20Committee%20Report.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The number of backward castes and communities was 3,743 in the initial list of [[Mandal Commission]] set up in 1979–80.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bc-dc-or-ec-what-lies-ahead-of-the-census-haphazard-lists-and-multiple-definitions-could-pose-hurdles-in-establishing-identity-during-the-caste-count/cid/518585|title=BC, DC or EC? What lies ahead of the census - Haphazard lists and multiple definitions could pose hurdles in establishing identity during the caste count|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20060717-reservation-policy-for-obcs-who-would-benefit-and-the-costs-involved-782759-2006-07-16|title=OBCs: Who are they?-Reservation policy for OBCs: Who would benefit and what are the costs involved|access-date = 2006-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-muslim-obcs-and-affirmative-action/233259|title=The Muslim OBCs And Affirmative Action|website=Outlook (India)|date=3 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/secc-2011-headed-mandal-2-quotas-2019-2347952.html|title=SECC 2011: Why we are headed for Mandal 2 and more quotas before 2019|website=Firstpost|date=17 July 2015}}</ref> The number of backward castes in Central list of OBCs has now increased to 5,013 (without the figures for most of the Union Territories) in 2006 as per [[National Commission for Backward Classes]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/ldquoTime-to-curb-number-of-backward-castesrdquo/article14834500.ece|title=Time to curb number of backward castes|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 September 2007|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bihar caste-based survey 2023]]
* [[Caste Census]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.secc.gov.in/welcome SECC official website]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/system/topicRoot/Socio_Economic_And_Caste_Census/ Articles related to Socio Economic Caste Census 2011]

{{Census of India}}
{{Caste in India}} 
{{Social issues in India}}

[[Category:Censuses in India]]
[[Category:2011 censuses]]
[[Category:2011 in India]]
[[Category:Caste system in India]]
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:Discrimination in India]]