View source for Aditya-L1

{{Short description|India's first solar observation mission}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| image              = Aditya L1.png
| image_caption      = Aditya-L1 spacecraft
| image_size         = 280px
| mission_type       = [[Solar observation]]
| operator           = [[ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID          = 
| SATCAT             = 
| website            = {{URL|https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html}}
| mission_duration   = 5.2 years (planned)<ref name="CurrSci_113_04">{{Cite journal |last1=Somasundaram |first1=Seetha |last2=Megala |first2=S. |date=25 August 2017 |title=Aditya-L1 mission |url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/113/04/0610.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Current Science |volume=113 |issue=4 |page=610 |bibcode=2017CSci..113..610S |doi=10.18520/cs/v113/i04/610-612 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825061326/http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/113/04/0610.pdf |archive-date=25 August 2017 |access-date=2023-10-25}}</ref> <br/>{{time interval|2 September 2023|show=ymd}}  (elapsed)
| spacecraft         = PSLV-XL/C-57
| spacecraft_type    = [[PSLV]]
| spacecraft_bus     = [[I-1K]]<ref name="SFI_20160903">{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ |title=India's first solar mission to be launched in 2019–20 |date=4 February 2016 |publisher=Space Flight Insider |first=Tomas |last=Nowakowski |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903160054/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| manufacturer       = [[ISRO]]{{\}}[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|IUCAA]]{{\}}[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics|IIA]]
| payload_mass       = {{cvt|1,500|kg}}<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" />
| dimensions         = 
| power              = <!-- [[watt]]s -->
| launch_date        = {{start date text|2 September 2023}}, 11:50&nbsp;IST (06:20&nbsp;UTC)<ref name="it-20230824">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Moon mission done, ISRO aims for the Sun with Aditya-L1 launch on September 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828120712/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="launch">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 |title=Aditya-L1: India launches its first mission to Sun |date=2 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902182110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| launch_rocket      = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#PSLV-XL|PSLV-XL]] [[PSLV-C57|C57]]
| launch_site        = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_contractor  = [[ISRO]]
| orbit_reference    = [[Lagrange point#L1|Sun–Earth L<sub>1</sub> orbit]]
| orbit_regime       = [[Halo orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis    = 
| orbit_apoapsis     = 
| orbit_inclination  = 
| orbit_epoch        = 6 January 2024<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Shobhit|title=Aditya L1 LIVE: ISRO's first Sun mission successfully injected into final orbit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aditya-l1-live-updates-indias-first-solar-mission-isro-lagrangean-point-1-insertion-tl1i-s-somanath-101704506376141.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>
| orbit_period       = 177.86 days<ref name="COPUOS_62">{{Cite web |last=Sreekumar |first=P. |date=19 June 2019 |title=Indian Space Science & Exploration : Global Perspective |url=http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |access-date=30 June 2019 |publisher=UNOOSA |page=8 |archive-date=30 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630051004/http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| apsis              = gee

<!-- Re-add when fixed. 
| instruments_list   = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
  | acronym1 = VELC   | name1 = Visible Emission Line [[Coronagraph]]
  | acronym2 = SUIT   | name2 = Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
  | acronym3 = ASPEX  | name3 = Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment
  | acronym4 = PAPA   | name4 = Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya
  | acronym5 = SoLEXS | name5 = Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer
  | acronym6 = HEL1OS | name6 = High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer
  | acronym7 = Magnetometer | name7 = Magnetometer
}} -->| insignia           = [[File:Aditya-L1 logo.png|120px]] [[File:Aditya L1 logo.png|200px]]
| insignia_size      = 198px
| insignia_caption   = Mission Patch and Mission Insignia
}}

'''Aditya-L1''' <!--Please do not add any non-Latin Script as per "WP:INDICSCRIPT"--> ([[Sanskrit]]: {{transliteration|sa|[[Surya|Āditya]]}} {{IPA|sa|aːd̪it̪jɐ|ipa}} 'Sun', L1 '[[Lagrange point#L1 point|Lagrange Point 1]]'){{efn|from [[Sanskrit]] {{transliteration|sa|Āditya}}, a synonym for the Hindu [[solar deity]], [[Surya]].}} is a [[coronagraph]]y spacecraft for studying the [[Sun#Atmosphere|solar atmosphere]], designed and developed by [[ISRO]] and various other Indian Space Research Institutes.<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" /> It is orbiting at about 1.5 million km from Earth in a [[halo orbit]] around the [[Lagrange point#Lagrange points|Lagrange point 1]] (L1) between the [[Earth]] and the [[Sun]], where it will study the solar atmosphere, [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms]], and their impact on the environment around the Earth.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=C.S |first=Hemanth |date=2026-01-06 |title=ISRO invites proposals from Indian scientists to analyse data from Aditya-L1 mission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-invites-proposals-from-indian-scientists-to-analyse-data-from-aditya-l1-mission/article70476849.ece |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

It is the first [[List of ISRO missions|Indian mission]] dedicated to observe the Sun. [[Nigar Shaji]] is the project's director.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Meet The Project Director Of Ambitious Mission Aditya-L1 {{!}} Nigar Shaji from Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155210/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: Announcement of Opportunity (AO) soliciting proposals for the first AO cycle observations |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/AdityaL1_first_AO_cycle.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="nie_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji from TN's Tenkasi, Aditya-L1 mission project director |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155211/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ndtv_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji, The Project Director Of India's First Sun Mission: 5 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=NDTV.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902180138/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Aditya-L1 was launched aboard the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] C57 at 11:50 [[India Standard Time|IST]] on 2 September 2023.<ref name="twitter_20230901_isro_launchannounce">{{Cite tweet |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO |user=isro |number=1697506899242217921 |title=PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. The launch can be watched LIVE on ISRO Website https://isro.gov.in Facebook https://facebook.com/ISRO YouTube https://youtube.com/watch?v=_IcgGYZTXQw… DD National TV channel from 11:20 Hrs. IST |date=1 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="it-20230824"/><ref name="launch" /> It successfully achieved its intended orbit nearly an hour later, and separated from its [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#Fourth stage (PS4)|fourth stage]] at 12:57 IST.<ref name="it_20230902_liveblog">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Aditya L1 Mission: Aditya L1 Launch LIVE Updates: Aditya L1 spacecraft successfully separated from PSLV rocket, now en route to Sun-Earth L1 point. ISRO says mission accomplished |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115715/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> It was inserted at the L1 point on 6 January 2024, at 4:17 pm IST.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aditya-L1 Mission Live Updates: Isro successfully injects Aditya-L1, designed to study Sun, in halo orbit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-aditya-l1-mission-live-updates-l1-enter-final-orbit-today-sun-mission-all-you-need-to-know-details-isro-news/liveblog/106591455.cms|work=The Times of India|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>

== Mission objectives ==

The main objectives of Aditya-L1 are:

* To observe the dynamics of the Sun's [[chromosphere]] and [[Stellar corona|corona]]:
** To study [[Chromosphere|chromospheric]] and [[coronal heating]], the physics of [[Solar spicule|partially ionised]] [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]], of [[coronal mass ejection]]s (CMEs) and their origins, of the coronal [[Stellar magnetic field|magnetic field]] and [[heat transfer]] mechanisms, and [[Solar flare|flare]] exchanges.
* To observe the physical particle environment around its position.
* To determine the sequence of processes in multiple layers below the corona that lead to [[solar eruption]]s.
* To study [[space weather]], and the origin, composition and dynamics of [[solar wind]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>



[[File:Aditya L1.jpg|thumb|Aditya-L1 in stowed configuration]]
[[File:Aditya-L1 spacecraft diagram.jpg|thumb|Aditya-L1 in deployed configuration]]

The mission was conceptualised in January 2008 by the Advisory Committee for Space Sciences (ADCOS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAC Industry Portal |url=https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.sac.gov.in |publisher=Space Applications Center, Government of India |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803051439/https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-14 |editor-last=Teotia |editor-first=Riya |title=ISRO shares first images of Aditya-L1 satellite ahead of India's first-ever mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WION |language=en-us |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903162358/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was initially envisaged as a small, {{cvt|400|kg}} satellite in a [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth Orbit]] (800&nbsp;km) with a [[coronagraph]] to study the [[solar corona]]. An experimental budget of {{INR|3 [[crore]]}} was allocated for the financial year 2016–2017.<ref name="2016-17_budget">{{Cite press release |title=Notes on Demands for Grants, 2016–2017 |publisher=Department of Space |url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |access-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917064145/http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Aditya gets ready to gaze at the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |access-date=25 August 2017 |archive-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826033106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gandhi |first=Divya |date=13 January 2008 |title=ISRO planning to launch satellite to study the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915091339/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The scope of the mission has since been expanded and it became a comprehensive solar and space environment [[Solar observatory|observatory]] to be placed at [[Lagrange point#L1 point|Lagrange point 1]] (L1),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Desikan |first=Shubashree |date=15 November 2015 |title=The sun shines on India's Aditya |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |access-date=12 August 2018 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313004843/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> hence the mission was renamed as ''Aditya-L1.'' {{As of|2019|7|df=}}, the mission has an allocated cost of {{INR|378 [[crore]]s}}, excluding launch costs.<ref name="launch" />

The [[European Space Operations Centre]] (ESOC), operated by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) is supporting the mission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2024 |title=ISRO delegation visits ESA mission control |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ISRO_delegation_visits_ESA_mission_control |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=European Space Agency}}</ref>

On 11 January 2024, ISRO successfully deployed a 6-meter [[magnetometer]] boom aboard the Aditya-L1 in the [[Halo orbit]] at the Lagrange Point L1. After the liftoff, the boom had been stowed for 132 days. The in-orbit deployment period that was measured was roughly 9 seconds, which is well within the 8–12 second prediction range. The magnetometer boom will measure the low-intensity interplanetary magnetic field in space using two high-accuracy [[fluxgate magnetometer]] sensors that are carried aboard. In order to reduce the impact of the spacecraft's [[magnetic field]] on measurements, the sensors are placed 3 and 6 meters away from the craft. Using a dual sensor system also helps to cancel out the spacecraft's magnetic influence and facilitates accurate estimation. The [[carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers]] (CFRP) was used in the construction of the boom segments. Through the use of spring-driven [[hinge]] mechanisms, the five pieces are joined to enable folding in close proximity to the craft throughout the journey and opening up upon reaching the desired orbit. The hinges lock into place as the mechanism fans out. In the stowed position, two hold-downs firmly secure the boom in place. Information obtained via the [[telemetry]] switches validates the release of the hold-down, the initial motion, and the locking of every hinge.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=2024-01-25 |title=Isro deploys key sensors on Aditya-L1 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-deploys-key-sensors-on-aditya-l1/articleshow/107151400.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=ISRO confirms magnetometer on Aditya L1 deployed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-confirms-magnetometer-on-aditya-l1-deployed-9128208/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
[[File:Lagrange-better.png|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Lagrange point]]s in the Sun–Earth system (not to scale) – a small object at any one of the five points will hold its relative position.]]

The mission took 126 Earth days after launch to reach the [[halo orbit]] around the L1 point, which is about {{cvt|1500000|km}} from Earth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=Department Of Space, Annual Report 2019–2020 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007125322/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |archive-date=7 October 2021 |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> The spacecraft is planned to remain in the halo orbit for its mission duration while being maintained at a [[Orbital station-keeping|stationkeeping]] Δv of 0.2–4&nbsp;m/s per year.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Muralidharan |first=Vivek |url=https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ |title=Orbit Maintenance Strategies for Sun-Earth/Moon Libration Point Missions: Parameter Selection for Target Point and Cauchy-Green Tensor Approaches |type=MS Thesis |publisher=Purdue University |year=2017  |pages=183–194 |access-date=31 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831130516/https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The {{cvt|1500|kg}} satellite carries seven science payloads with various objectives, including instruments to measure [[Coronal heating problem|coronal heating]], [[solar wind]] acceleration, coronal magnetometry, origin and monitoring of [[Ultraviolet|near-UV]] [[Solar irradiance|solar radiation]] (which drives Earth's upper atmospheric dynamics and global climate), coupling of the solar photosphere to the chromosphere and corona,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wedemeyer-Böhm |first1=S. |last2=Lagg |first2=A. |last3=Nordlund |first3=Å |date=2009-09-15 |title=Coupling from the photosphere to the chromosphere and the corona |journal=Space Science Reviews |volume=144 |issue=1–4 |pages=317–350 |doi=10.1007/s11214-008-9447-8 |arxiv=0809.0987 |issn=0038-6308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009SSRv..144..317W }}</ref> and [[in-situ]] characterisations of the space environment around Earth by measuring energetic particle fluxes and magnetic fields of the solar wind, and [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms]].<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" />

Aditya-L1 will provide observations of the Sun's [[photosphere]], [[chromosphere]] and [[solar corona|corona]]. Its scientific payloads must be placed outside the interference from the [[Earth's magnetic field]], and hence, could not have been useful in the low Earth orbit, as proposed in the original mission concept back in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210161048/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |archive-date=10 December 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |website=isro.gov.in}}</ref>

One of the major unsolved problems in the field of [[solar physics]] is coronal heating. The upper atmosphere of the Sun has a temperature of {{cvt|2000000|K|C F}}, whereas the lower atmosphere is just {{cvt|6000|K|C F}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Temperatures Across Our Solar System - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/temperatures-across-our-solar-system/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=science.nasa.gov |date=16 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, it is not understood exactly how the Sun's radiation affects the dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere on a shorter as well as a longer time scale. The mission will obtain near-simultaneous images of the different layers of the Sun's atmosphere, which will reveal the ways in which energy is channeled and transferred from one layer to another. Thus, the mission will enable a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical processes of the Sun and address some of the outstanding problems in solar physics and [[heliophysics]].

== Payloads ==
[[File:Aditya-L1 spacecraft.jpg|thumb|The [[Aditya (spacecraft)|Aditya spacecraft]] before integration with the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] rocket]]
The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona. In-situ instruments will observe the local environment at the L1 point. There are seven payloads on board, with four for [[remote sensing]] of the Sun and three for in-situ observation. The payloads have been developed by different laboratories in the country with close collaborations of various ISRO centres.<ref name="ISRO ADITYA-L1">{{Cite web |title=ISRO ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Type   
!Sl.No
!Payload 
!Capability
!Laboratories
|-
| rowspan="4" |Remote Sensing Payloads
|1                 
|Visible Emission Line [[Coronagraph]] (VELC)
|[[Stellar corona|Corona]] Imaging and [[spectroscopy]]
|[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[Bangalore]]
|-
|2
|Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT)
|[[Photosphere]] and [[chromosphere]] imaging-narrow and broadband
|[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics]], [[Pune]]
|-
|3
|Solar Low Energy X-ray [[Spectrometer]] (SoLEXS)
|Soft X-ray [[spectrometer]]: Sun-as-a-star observation
| rowspan="2" |[[U R Rao Satellite Centre]], [[Bangalore]]
|-
|4
|High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray [[Spectrometer]] (HEL1OS)
|Hard X-ray [[spectrometer]]: Sun-as-a-star observation
|-
| rowspan="3" |In-situ Payloads
|5
|Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX)
|[[Solar wind]] and Particle analyzer: [[Protons]] and Heavier ions with directions
|[[Physical Research Laboratory]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|-
|6
|[[Plasma (physics)|Plasma]] Analyser Package For Aditya (PAPA)
|[[Solar wind]] and Particle Analyzer: [[Electrons]] and Heavier Ions with directions
|Space Physics Laboratory, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
|7
|Advanced Tri-axial [[High Resolution]] Digital [[Magnetometer]]s
|[[In-situ]] magnetic field (Bx, By and Bz).
|[[Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems|Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems]], [[Bangalore]]
|}

=== Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) ===
The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) is a key instrument on the [[Aditya (spacecraft)|Aditya spacecraft]]. The VELC is an internally [[Occultation|occulted]] reflective coronagraph designed to fulfil specific observation needs. The instrument allows for high spatial resolution imaging 1.25-2.5 [[Arc-seconds|arcseconds]] of the Sun's corona, simultaneous observations in three modes (Imaging, Spectroscopy and [[Spectropolarimetry|Spectro-polarimetry]]), and even utilizes artificial intelligence to aid in the detection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The instrument was developed by [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Payload.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101121455/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Payload.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) ===
The SUIT is an ultraviolet imaging telescope designed to study the solar spectral radiation in the [[ultraviolet]] range, using narrowband and broadband spectral filters in the range of 200-400&nbsp;nm with the hope of developing a better understanding between solar activity and the atmospheric dynamics of Earth. The SUIT utilises 11 different filters. The filters have been selected carefully to ensure coverage of the lower (photosphere) and middle (chromosphere) atmosphere of the Sun, the first approach of its kind in such observations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 Mission Observed Powerful Solar Flare and a First-of-Its-Kind Observation of Rare Plasma Ejection in Ultra-violet Light |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/SUIT_onboard_Aditya-L1_Mission.html?utm_ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> The SUIT provides near-simultaneous coverage of the solar atmosphere, from lower photosphere to the upper chromosphere. The instrument was developed by [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics]], [[Pune]], in collaboration with ISRO.<ref name=":1" />

=== Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) ===
The SoLEXS is an X-ray spectrometer designed to continuously measure the solar [[soft X-ray]] flux (2 keV-22 keV)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sankarasubramanian |title=Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) on Board Aditya-L1 Mission |journal=Solar Physics |date=25 June 2025 |volume=300 |issue=7 |article-number=87 |doi=10.1007/s11207-025-02494-0 |bibcode=2025SoPh..300...87S |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-025-02494-0|url-access=subscription }}</ref> from the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L1. These measurements can be used to better understand the properties of the Sun's corona, in particular, why the temperature of the corona is so high. The SoLEXS will observe solar flares, and in conjunction with data provided by the VELC, will help study the complex thermal properties of the Sun's outer layers. The instrument was developed by [[U R Rao Satellite Centre]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":1" />

=== High Energy L-1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS) ===
Developed by the Space Astronomy Group, URSC, the HEL1OS (pronounced ''helios)'' is an x-ray spectrometer designed to study solar flares in the x-ray spectrum, in particular, energy bands of 10-150 Kev ([[Kiloelectronvolt|kilo-electron volts]]). Using a twin-pair of [[Cadmium telluride|Cadmium Telluride]] (CdTe) and [[Cadmium zinc telluride|Cadmium Zinc Telluride]] (CZT) detectors, the instrument aims to study the acceleration and movement of electrons in the Sun's corona, as well as to study the [[Cutoff (physics)|cut-off]] energy between thermal and non-thermal solar emissions.<ref name=":1" />

=== Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX) ===
The ASPEX is an instrument composed of low and [[high energy particle]] spectrometers, designed to conduct measurements of the Sun's solar wind particles. Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS), the low energy spectrometer, contains two analysers, each designed to study particles entering the device in different planes. Supra Thermal Energetic Particle Spectrometer (STEPS), the high energy spectrometer, also consists of two parts, STEPS 1 and STEPS 2, both designed to separate protons and [[alpha particle]]s and measure the integrated [[flux]]. The instrument was developed by the [[Physical Research Laboratory]], [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya (PAPA) ===
The PAPA is an instrument on board the Aditya-L1 designed to study the temperature, distribution and velocity of the solar winds. The instrument contains two sensors; the Solar Wind Electron Energy Probe (SWEEP) and the Solar Wind lon Composition Analyser (SWICAR). The detectors are used in conjunction to analyse the energy levels of electrons and ions within the solar wind. The instrument was developed by the Space Physics Laboratory of the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Digital Magnetometers ===
On board the Aditya-L1 spacecraft are a pair of magnetic sensors on a deployable boom, one positioned in the middle and the other at the tip. The purpose of these sensors is to gather information about the magnitude and direction of the Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (IMF), as well as to study other events such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CME). Data from the magnetic sensors will be used to supplement that of the PAPA and ASPEX sensors.<ref name=":1" />

== Mission profile ==
[[File:Flight Sequence.pdf|thumb|Flight Sequence of PSLV-C57]]

=== Launch ===
[[File:PSLV-C57, Aditya-L1 - Launch Vehicle being transferred from Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) to Second Launch Pad (SLP) 05.webp|PSLV-C57 on launch pad housing Aditya-L1|thumb|left]]
On 2 September 2023, at 11:50 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV-C57) accomplished a successful launch of the ''Aditya-L1'' from the [[Second Launch Pad]] of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] (SDSC) located in [[Sriharikota]].

''Aditya-L1'', following a flight duration of 63 minutes and 20 seconds, achieved a successful [[Orbit injection|injection]] into an [[elliptical orbit]] around the Earth at 12:54 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57 / ADITYA-L1 Mission - Press Release |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Aditya-L1'' underwent a series of four Earth-bound [[Orbital maneuver|orbital maneuvres]] prior to its injection to a transfer orbit towards the [[Lagrange point]] (L1). It reached its designated orbit at the L1 point 126 days after its launch on 6 January 2024 at 4:17 IST.<ref name="isro_20230902_adityal1">{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57/ADITYA-L1 Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aditya L1 Mission LIVE Updates: India creates yet another landmark, country's first solar observatory Aditya-L1 reaches its destination, says PM Modi|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/latest-daily-news-live-india-world-delhi-coldwave-covid-cases-in-india-breaking-news-and-updates-liveblog-12007491.html|work=Moneycontrol|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>

=== Orbit raising burns ===
[[File:Aditya L1 's Trajectory.pdf|thumb|Trajectory of PSLV-C57/Aditya L1 Mission]]

; First orbit raising burn
On 3 September 2023, the ''Aditya-L1'' performed its first Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|245|km}} into {{Cvt|22,459|km}} orbit.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Aditya L1|user=isro|number=1698224462821544411|date=3 September 2023|access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>

; Second orbit raising burn
On 5 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its second Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|282|km}} into {{Cvt|40,225|km}} orbit.

; Third orbit raising burn
On 10 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its third Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|296|km}} into {{Cvt|71,767|km}} orbit.

; Fourth orbit raising burn 
On 15 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its fourth Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its original orbit to a {{Cvt|256|km}} into {{Cvt|121,973|km}} orbit. This was the last of such maneuvers, being directly followed by the Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection, which took place on 19 September.

; Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection
On 19 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its last maneuvre around Earth to escape its orbit and headed towards the Lagrange 1 point, taking at least four months to further reach its destination, 1.5 million kilometers away.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 Mission Details |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1-MissionDetails.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

On 30 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' had escaped the Earth's sphere of influence and was on the way to the Lagrange point 1.<ref name=":0" /> During this journey a week before Orbital Insertion, the SUIT instrument captured an X-class solare flare and a CME on December 31, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/isro-s-aditya-l1-captures-solar-eruption-that-could-circle-earth-in-30-seconds/ar-AA1EKiVO?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=b4e5dd3bf9934e2aff0471a165d7df87&ei=13 |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> This was the first observations of a solar flare using [[Near UV|near-UV]] light.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 Mission Observed Powerful Solar Flare and a First-of-Its-Kind Observation of Rare Plasma Ejection in Ultra-violet Light |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/SUIT_onboard_Aditya-L1_Mission.html |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

;Trajectory correction maneuver
On 6 October 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed a Trajectory Correction maneuvre (TCM1). It was needed to correct the trajectory evaluated after tracking the Trans-Lagrangian Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) maneuvre performed on 19 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

;Halo orbit insertion
On 6 January 2024, ''Aditya-L1'' was successfully injected on the [[Halo orbit]] of Lagrange point 1 (HOI), at 4:17 pm IST.<ref name="TET">{{cite news|title=Aditya-L1, ISRO's first solar spacecraft enters Sun's final orbit|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/aditya-l1-isros-first-solar-spacecraft-enters-suns-final-orbit/articleshow/106596085.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Mission stages and maneuvres
!Stage and Sequence
!Date/Time 
!Time (IST)
![[Periapsis]]
![[Apoapsis]]
![[Duration|Duration]]
!Burn Time
!{{Refh}}
|-
! colspan="8" |Launch
|-
|Earth Orbit Insertion
|2 September 2023
|12:54 p.m
|{{Cvt|235|km}}
|{{Cvt|19500|km}}
|22 hours, 46 minutes
|
|<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1697874341604835828|user=isro|title=The launch of Aditya-L1 by PSLV-C57 is accomplished successfully. The vehicle has placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. India's first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point.|date=2023-09-02|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="8" |Earth Bound maneuvres
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 1
|3 September 2023
|11:40&nbsp;a.m.
|{{Cvt|245|km}}
|{{Cvt|22,459|km}}
|39 hours, 20 minutes
|
|<ref name="ebn2">{{Cite tweet|number=1698224462821544411|user=isro|title=The satellite is healthy and operating nominally. The first Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#1) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. The new orbit attained is 245km x 22459 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#2) is scheduled for September 5, 2023, around 03:00 Hrs. IST|date=2023-09-03|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 2
|5 September 2023
|3:00 a.m
|{{Cvt|282|km}}
|{{Cvt|40225|km}}
|4 days, 23 hours and 30 minutes 
|
|<ref name="ebn3">{{Cite tweet |user=isro |number=1698810887614992515 |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: The second Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#2) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. ISTRAC/ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation. The new orbit attained is 282 km x 40225 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#3) is scheduled for September 10, 2023, around 02:30 Hrs. IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 3
|10 September 2023
|2:30 am
|{{Cvt|296|km}}
|{{Cvt|71,767|km}}
|4 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes
|
|<ref name="ebn4">{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1700616257169400254|title=Aditya-L1 Mission:The third Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#3) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru.ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation.The new orbit attained is 296 km x 71767 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#4) is scheduled for September 15, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs. IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 4
|15 September 2023
|2:15 am
|{{Cvt|256|km}}
|{{Cvt|121,973|km}}
|3 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes
|
|<ref name="ebn5">{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1702426982602907974|title=Aditya-L1 Mission: The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully. ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for Aditya-L1 will support post-burn operations. The new orbit attained is 256 km x 121973 km. The next maneuvre Trans-Lagragean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) a send-off from the Earth is scheduled for September 19, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs.IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|Trans-Lagrangian Point 1 Injection
|19 September 2023
|2:00 am
|
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1703876571080143044|title=Aditya-L1 Mission: Off to Sun-Earth L1 point! The Trans-Lagrangean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) maneuvre is performed successfully. The spacecraft is now on a trajectory that will take it to the Sun-Earth L1 point. It will be injected into an orbit around L1 through a maneuver after about 110 days. This is the fifth consecutive time ISRO has successfully transferred an object on a trajectory toward another celestial body or location in space |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="8" |Trajectory correction maneuvres
|-
|Trajectory Correction maneuvre (TCM)
|6 October 2023
|
|
|
|
|16s
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="8" |Halo orbit injection
|-
|Halo orbit insertion (HOI)
|6 January 2024
|4:17 pm
|
|
|approx. 177.86 earth days
|
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Halo-Orbit Insertion of Aditya-L1 Successfully Accomplished|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/halo-orbit-insertion-adtya-l1.html|website=[[ISRO]]|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>
|}

{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300px
| header = Animation of Aditya-L1
| image1 = Animation of Aditya-L1 around Earth.gif
| caption1 = Around the Earth
| image2 = Animation of Aditya-L1 around  Sun - Frame rotating with Earth.gif
| caption2 = Around the L1 point - Frame rotating with Earth
| footer = {{legend2|Magenta| Aditya-L1}}{{·}}{{legend2| RoyalBlue| Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2|Cyan| L1 point}}
}}

=== Orbit ===
Aditya-L1 completed its first [[halo orbit]] around L1 point on July 2, 2024. It takes it approximately 178 days to complete each orbit. It underwent two station-keeping maneuvers on February 22 and June 7, and later one on July 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: Completion of First Halo Orbit |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Mission_Completion_of_First_Halo_Orbit.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

== Science phase ==
Following commissioning and checkout, Adiya L1 began Science observations about three months into the mission. The PAPA instrument on the spacecraft was operationalised on December 12, 2023, and made its first observation on February 10 and 11 2024 using the PAPA instrument to observe the Sun from its vantage point–a distance of about 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers).<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Sharmila Kuthunur |date=2025-03-04 |title=India's Aditya-L1 solar probe watches powerful flare erupt from the sun |url=https://www.space.com/the-universe/sun/indias-aditya-l1-solar-probe-watches-powerful-flare-erupt-from-the-sun |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PAPA payload aboard Aditya-L1 detects solar wind impact of Coronal Mass Ejections |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PAPA_payload_Aditya-L1_detects_solar_wind.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> Post-launch calibration of SUIT has now characterised its filters in detail. In-orbit testing of the transmission, spatial variation, and out-of-band performance confirmed that most filters meet design expectations, with only a few showing slightly higher out-of-band transmission than predicted (still below 1%).<ref>Title = Science Filter Characterization of SUIT

Author  = Mathew, S. K. and others

Eprint = 2412.11636

archiveprefix= arXiv

Date = 2024-12-17</ref> Additionally, on 31 December 2023, SUIT observed a plasma blob ejection from the Sun moving at speeds up to 1500&nbsp;km/s, the highest recorded by the mission thus far.<ref name=":2" />

In conjunction with the [[Udaipur Solar Observatory]] and research stations at [[Thumba]], ISRO mobilised all its observation platforms and systems to record the signatures of a Massive Solar Flare in May 2024. Aditya-L1, [[Chandrayaan-2]]'s orbiter and [[XPoSat]] have made observations and observed signatures have been analysed. Aditya-L1 used ASPEX, SOLEX, HEL1OS and its [[magnetometer]] instruments to record data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO Captures the Signatures of the Recent Solar Eruptive Events from Earth, Sun-Earth L1 Point, and the Moon |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_CapturesSignaturesRecentSolarEruptive_Events.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> This storm, called "[[May 2024 solar storms|Gannon's Storm]]" was the strongest solar storm recorded since the beginning of the 21st Century. Using the Magneometers on Aditya L1 and other [[NASA]] spacecraft discovered that two distinct CMEs collided in space such that the magnetic field lines inside one of them snapped and rejoined in new ways, a process called [[magnetic reconnection]]. This sudden reversal of the magnetic field made the storm's impact much stronger than expected.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Aditya-L1 Joins Global Effort in Landmark Solar Storm Study |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Landmark_solar_storm_study.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Madanapalle |first=Aditya |date=2025-12-09 |title=Aditya L1 reveals complexities of plasma bursts during May 2024 solar storm |url=https://www.news9live.com/science/aditya-l1-reveals-complexities-of-plasma-bursts-during-may-2024-solar-storm-2910403 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref> Using observations of particles and fields measurements from Aditya-L1, and combining it with other ground based measurements as well as the [[GOES-18]] spacecraft, unusual dawn-side magnetic disturbances observed during this storm were most likely caused by a rare type of space current normally confined to auroral regions of the Sun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/earth-behaved-strangely-during-two-massive-solar-events-aditya-l1-reveals-why/ar-AA1WNeGK?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=6999e6d8809644dba8b2924c401cc5f6&ei=101 |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> During very strong storms, when the Earth’s magnetosphere becomes highly compressed, such rare auroral current systems ingress into lower solar latitudes, extending much farther towards the mean solar equator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 measurementshelp to explain unusual dawn-time geomagnetic disturbances during strong solar storms |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_measurementshelp.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rai |first=Deeksha |last2=Tulasi Ram |first2=S. |last3=Nilam |first3=B. |last4=Oliveira |first4=D. M. |last5=Remya |first5=B. |last6=Raghav |first6=Anil |last7=Chakrabarty |first7=D. |last8=Kumar |first8=Abhishek |last9=Parashar |first9=Shivam |last10=Yadav |first10=Vipin K. |last11=Dimri |first11=A. P. |date=2026-02-16 |title=Dawn‐Side Anomaly in Sudden Geomagnetic Field Responses to Solar Wind Pressure Discontinuities During the 10 May and 10 October 2024 Geomagnetic Storms |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025GL119914 |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=53 |issue=3 |doi=10.1029/2025GL119914 |issn=0094-8276|doi-access=free }}</ref> 

Ground based observations from the [[Gauribidanur Radio Observatory|Gauribidanur radio telescope]] and [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics|IIA]] astronomers using VELC detected multiple CME-driven shock waves forming at a distance of approximately 130,000 kilometers above the Sun’s surface and traveling at nearly 1,700 kilometers per second on May 27 2024.This is the closest distance from the Sun at which such a shock and its associated radio burst have been unambiguously detected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sibu |date=2026-02-25 |title=Indian team makes big solar discovery that could save Earth's satellites, GPS |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/indian-team-make-big-solar-discovery-that-could-hit-earths-satellites-gps-aditya-l1-2874169-2026-02-25 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

On July 16, 2024, the VELC instrument was used to measure another large Coronal Mass ejection from the Sun. It also studied an accompanying solar flare and the motion of solar particles within the Sun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unlocking the Mysteries of the Sun: Aditya-L1's Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Observations_Coronal_Mass_Ejection.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Global Magnetic field changes during 2024 solar storms.webp|Global Solar wind impact map from 2024 Aditya L1 data
File:Aditya l1 2024 solar wind measurment data.webp|Global Solar wind impact map from 2024 Aditya L1 data
</gallery>

Marking its first year of science observation, ISRO released the maiden set of the scientific data from the Aditya L1 to the global scientific community on January 6, 2025, at the ISRO Headquarters in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO Organises National Meet on Aditya L1 Data Release and Payload Performance Appraisal |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_Nationalmeet_AdityaL1.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> ISRO presented the second set on February 14, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release of the Second Set of Aditya-L1 Science Data |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Second_Set_of_Aditya_L1_Science_Data.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> On February 22, 2024, Aditya L1 captured the first-ever image of a ''X6.3-class'' [[Solar flare|solar flare ‘kernel’]] occurring in the [[photosphere]] and the [[chromosphere]]. The image was taken alongside operations of SUIT, SoLEXS and HEL1OS instruments in the [[Near ultraviolet|Near-Ultraviolet band.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic First: India's Solar Ultra-violet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 Captures Unprecedented Solar Flare Details |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/SUIT_Aditya-L1_Captures_SolarFlare.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> Further studies of a continuation event in October 2024 decoded the impact of Solar winds with the [[Earth's magnetic field|Earth's Magnectic field]] and the result of these interactions that affected [[Geostationary satellites]] in earth orbit. The study also noted that currents over high latitude regions intensified, potentially heating the Earth’s upper atmosphere and causing enhanced [[atmospheric escape]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO's Aditya-L1 decodes the Impact of a Powerful Solar Storm on Earth's Invisible Magnetic Shield |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/AdityaL1_decodes_Impact_Powerful_Solar_Storm.html |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/india-s-aditya-l1-reveals-how-monster-solar-storm-shook-earth-s-magnetic-shield/ar-AA1TWqcq?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=696331fded474579b55019632b293c39&ei=132 |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/how-do-solar-storms-impact-earth-s-magnetic-field-isro-s-aditya-l1-decodes/ar-AA1TWDca?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=f558b6f61c61447b86265af935ca974c&ei=91 |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>  Scientists from IIA also reported observations of a flareless coronal mass ejection from reading taken by VELC in March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=C.S |first=Hemanth |date=2025-03-14 |title=Aditya-L1 mission: scientists observe a flareless coronal mass ejection |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/aditya-l1-mission-iia-scientists-report-observations-of-a-flareless-coronal-mass-ejection-from-the-solar-atmosphere/article69330587.ece/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>Observations from the onboard MAG payload show that during solar transient events in 2024, the [[interplanetary magnetic field]] magnitude increased above typical quiet-solar levels, and the spectral slope of turbulence approached a Kolmogorov -5/3 kind of behaviour. To verify changes in spectral behaviour, the data was compared with that from a day when quiet solar winds were present, resulting in a strong contrast. The quiet periods exhibit anisotropic turbulence, whereas the behaviour from the event exhibited quasi-isotropic behaviour, with spectral slopes closely following the Kolmogorov spectrum across all three IMF components.<ref>Title = Observations of the fluctuations in Interplanetary Magnetic Field around L1 point during the solar transient events of 2024 with MAG payload onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft.

Authors = Vipin K. Yadav, R.K. Choudhary and M. Midhun Goutham

archiveprefix = arXiv

eprint = 2509.03182

class = astro-ph.IM
</ref>

In 2025, using the data from the VELC instrument, researchers from IIA and NASA created the very first spectroscopic observations of a CME in the visible wavelength range. They also estimated the electron density, energy, mass, temperature and speed of a CME very close to the Sun.<ref>{{Cite news |last=C.S |first=Hemanth |date=2025-11-09 |title=Aditya-L1 gets a close look at eruptions from the sun |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/aditya-l1-iia-nasa-collaborate-to-record-spectroscopic-observations-of-a-cme-in-visible-wavelength-range-for-very-first-time/article70258711.ece |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/science/aditya-l1-mission-tracks-coronal-mass-ejection-in-india-nasa-collaboration-article-13662018.html Aditya-L1 mission tracks coronal mass ejection in India-NASA collaboration]</ref>

On the second anniversary (January 6, 2026) of Aditya-L1's launch, ISRO made an Announcement of Opportunity to solicit proposals for scientific research data from its first AO cycle observations.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ISRO and [[ESA]] conducted a workshop at [[IIST]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvanthapuram]] between 19-23 January 2026 presenting data from Aditya-L1, [[PROBA-3|Proba-3]] and [[Solar Orbiter]] presenting complementary vantage data points from each mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO and ESA jointly organise ISRO-ESA Heliophysics Workshop on Aditya-L1, Solar Orbiter and Proba-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_ESA_Heliophysics_Workshop.html |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO-ESA Heliophysics Workshop on Aditya-L1, Solar Orbiter and Proba-3 {{!}} Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology |url=https://www.iist.ac.in/events/isro-esa-heliophysics-workshop-aditya-l1-solar-orbiter-and-proba-3 |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=www.iist.ac.in}}</ref> The [[2026 Union budget of India|2026 Indian budget]] also proposed to rebuild the [[National Large Solar Telescope|''National Large''  ''Solar Telescope'']] at a cost of about {{INRConvert|1000|c|year=2026}} by 2030 for it to serve as a complement to solar data from Aditya-L1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angry sun puts India at risk, ISRO warns of strong radio blackout |first=Pallava |last=Bagla |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/angry-sun-puts-india-at-risk-isro-warns-of-strong-radio-blackout/ar-AA1VDD4u?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=69849799bbad4c1c86f36ecc60d98bd9&ei=65 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Government of India Budget 2026-2027, Speech of Nirmala Sitharaman Minister of Finance |url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/Budget_Speech.pdf |date=February 1, 2026 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260201080555/https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/Budget_Speech.pdf |archive-date=2026-02-01 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.indiabudget.gov.in}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
Some images of the sun taken from SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) instrument of Aditya-L1 in different wavelengths.

[[File:Aditya L1 sun image1.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image2.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image3.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image4.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image5.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image6.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image7.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image8.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image9.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image10.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image11.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image12.png|150px]]

==Team==
* [[Nigar Shaji]] - Project director 
* [[Sankarasubramanian. K|Sankarasubramanian K]] - Principal scientist of the mission<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational qualification of scientists behind ISRO's solar mission, Aditya L-1 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904053429/https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* {{annotated link|Lagrange point}}
* [[Sun#Solar space missions|Solar space missions]]
** {{annotated link|Advanced Composition Explorer}} 
** {{annotated link|Solar Dynamics Observatory}}
** {{annotated link|Solar and Heliospheric Observatory}}
** {{annotated link|Solar Orbiter}}
** {{annotated link|Parker Solar Probe}}
* {{annotated link|ISRO}}

== References ==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons}}
* [https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html ISRO page for Aditya-L1]

{{Sun spacecraft|state=collapsed}}
{{Space observatories}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2023}}

[[Category:Satellites of India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by India in 2023]]
[[Category:Missions to the Sun]]
[[Category:September 2023 in India]]
[[Category:Space probes launched in 2023]]