View source for Adoni

{{See also|Adoni (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Adoni
| native_name                     = 
| native_name_lang                = te
| other_name                      = 
| settlement_type                 = [[City]]
| image_skyline                   = Hall of The Nawab.JPG
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = Adoni Fort
| nickname                        = 
| pushpin_map                     = India Andhra Pradesh#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| pushpin_map_alt                 = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates                     = {{coord|15|37|28|N|77|16|23|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
| established_title               = <!-- Established -->
| established_date                = 
| founder                         = 
| named_for                       = 
| government_type                 = [[Municipal Council]]
| governing_body                  = 
| leader_title                    = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name                     = Y.Sai Prasad Reddy ([[Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party]])<ref>{{cite web|title=MLA|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/|publisher=AP State Portal|access-date=30 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008071101/http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/|archive-date=8 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="municipality info">{{cite web|title=Basic Information of Municipality|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Adoni/Basic_information_Municipality.html|publisher=Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department, Govt. of Andhra|access-date=18 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811132636/http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Adoni/Basic_information_Municipality.html|archive-date=11 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_total_km2                  = 38.16
| area_rank                       = [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh|13th (in AP)]]
| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_m                     = 435
| population_total                = 1,66,344
| population_as_of                = 2011
| population_footnotes            = <ref name=population>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-andhrapradesh.php|title=Andhra Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|work=citypopulation.de}}</ref>
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_metro                = 184625
| population_metro_footnotes      = <ref name="UA population">{{cite web |title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |website=censusindia|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=18 January 2015}}</ref>
| population_rank                 = [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|16th (in AP)]]
| population_demonym              = N/A
| demographics_type1              = Languages
| demographics1_title1            = Official
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                     = 518301,518302
| area_code                       = +91–08512
| area_code_type                  = [[Telephone numbers in India|Telephone code]]
| registration_plate              = AP–21 and AP-39
| blank1_name_sec1                = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1                = 1008 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website                         = {{URL|http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Adoni/|Adoni Municipality}}
| footnotes                       = 
| demographics1_info1             = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| blank2_name_sec1                = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1                = [[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurnool]]
| blank3_name_sec1                = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature|Assembly constituency]]
| blank3_info_sec1                = [[Adoni (Assembly constituency)|Adoni]]
| official_name                   = 
}}

'''Adoni''' is a city in the [[Kurnool district]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is a [[municipality]] and the headquarters of Adoni [[mandal]], administered under the [[Adoni revenue division]].<ref>Obulesul, M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tTNq5oPueBgC&pg=PA71&dq=mandals+of+kurnool+district+under+revenue+divisions&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uW9YVOOmD47VuQTB-oGgAg&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mandals%20of%20kurnool%20district%20under%20revenue%20divisions&f=false ''Total literacy campaign.''] Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi 2006 p. 70 – 72. {{ISBN|978-81-8356-056-6}}. Accessed 4 November 2014.</ref><ref>[http://cdma.ap.gov.in/About.html ''Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211193543/http://cdma.ap.gov.in/About.html |date=11 February 2015 }} Government of Andhra Pradesh. Accessed 17 January 2015.</ref> In the 2011 [[census of India]], Adoni had a population of 166,344, making it the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|16th]] most populous town in the state with an [[urban agglomeration]] population of 184,625.<ref name=population />

== History ==
The Adoni fort is central to the town's history. In 1780, an observer wrote,
:"Adoni is situated upon three mountains which are united; it has a range of irregular fortifications, piled one over the other. To maintain it requires a garrison of 30,000 men. The fortifications upon the mountains are often weak...To the south of Adoni, a large plain, to the north there are mountains, obnoxious from their nearness, to the east there are other mountains. To the west there are also mountains and this part is the weakest."<ref name="Sen 1995">Sen, S. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-ianqrtVhYC&pg=PA54&dq=adoni&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBWoVChMIwtPmspPqxwIVJBamCh16Rwqc#v=onepage&q=adoni&f=false ''Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–1796.''] Popular Prakashan, 1995, volume 2 p. 55. {{ISBN|9788171547890}}.</ref>

In the 15th century and early to mid 16th century, Adoni was a fort town of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. It was controlled by the kinsmen of [[Aliya Rama Raya]], a powerful aristocrat of the Vijayanagara.<ref>Stein, B. [https://books.google.com/books?id=OpxeaYQbGDMC&pg=PA68&dq=adoni+kurnool&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBsQ6AEwADgeahUKEwiy3O_d3OnHAhWGFqYKHfowA-g#v=onepage&q=adoni%20kurnool&f=false ''The New Cambridge History of India.''] Cambridge University Press, 1989. Volume 1 p. 68. {{ISBN|978-0-521-26693-2}}.</ref>

In 1558, during the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, control of Adoni came to [[Ali Adil Shah I]] (1558–1579), the fifth [[Sultan]] of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]].<ref>Welch S. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MEvZaVmBQtgC&pg=PA48&dq=adoni+bijapur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEcQ6AEwB2oVChMI0a-Y0YbsxwIV4SGmCh3lUwpH#v=onepage&q=adoni%20bijapur&f=false ''India: Art and Culture, 1300–1900.''] Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985 p. 48. {{ISBN|978-0-03-006114-1}}.</ref> Hamilton, in 1820, stated,
:"It [Adoni at this time] stood at the top of a high hill, and contained within its walls many tanks and fountains of pure water with numerous princely structures."<ref name="Hamilton 1820">Hamilton, W. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NkVRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA334&dq=adoni+18th+century&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwA2oVChMIjKi-hbzuxwIVRNymCh3ZAQbn#v=onepage&q=adoni%2018th%20century&f=false ''A Geographical, and Historical Description of Hindostan and the Adjacent Countries.''] Murray 1820 p. 334. Accessed at Google Books on 11 September 2015.</ref>

In 1564, the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Sultanate of Bijapur]] lost control of Adoni to [[Mohammedan]] rulers.<ref name="Hamilton 1820" />

From 1678 to 1688, rule of Adoni lay with Siddi Masud, a wealthy ''[[Habshi]]'' ([[Africa]]n) from [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]]<ref>Sharma R. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jECdAAAAMAAJ&q=adoni+bijapur&dq=adoni+bijapur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwADgKahUKEwjnkN6epezHAhXDKaYKHeFLA3k ''Indian Art Treasures: Suresh Neotia collection.''] Mosaic Books 2006 p. 198 Accessed at Google Books 10 September 2015.</ref> who was a powerful general of Raja [[Rao Anup Singh|Anup Singh]] of [[Bikaner]],<ref>Patel, A. and Leonard, K. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ij0M2D0moC&pg=PA39&dq=raja+anup+singh+adoni&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAWoVChMIpNehqK_uxwIVJRymCh1tNQWa#v=onepage&q=raja%20anup%20singh%20adoni&f=false ''Indo-Muslim culture in Transition.''] BRILL, 2011 p. 39 {{ISBN|9789004212091}}.</ref><ref>Chaitanya K. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fJV0AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75&dq=bijapur+adoni ''A History of Indian Painting – Manuscript, Moghul and Deccani Traditions, Volume 2.''] Abhinav Publications, 1979 p. 75</ref><ref>Singh, R. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AZIMAQAAMAAJ&q=adoni+bijapur&dq=adoni+bijapur&hl=en ''Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan.''] University of Michigan, 1992. Accessed at Google books 10 September 2015.</ref> Siddi Masud improved the fort; cleared the surrounding forest; established the townships of Imatiazgadh and [[Adilabad]] and constructed the [[Shahi Jamia Masjid]].<ref>Vasanth, R. and Basha, M.  ''Islamic architecture of Deccan''.</ref> Siddi Masud was also an avid art collector and a patron of the Kurnool school of painting.<ref>Zebrowski, M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=F64uzlEd8lcC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=mark+zebrowski+deccani+painting&source=bl&ots=HHAns37MAp&sig=b9F-7DU9MXs54uzj5LovNzziSE8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8-g8T4anCoWnrAfU5-HOBw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=kurnool&f=false ''Deccani painting''] University of California Press, Berkeley, first edition, 1982. Accessed 9 October 2014</ref> In 1688, Adoni was attacked by Firuz Jang, a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] general. Siddi Musud surrendered with his courtiers and family.<ref>Obeng P. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaC-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=siddi+masud+habshi&source=bl&ots=34wJLMp5iU&sig=pqL2NYY_Rzj0RBQOwSeF-YyHgcY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMI2Ya4s8jyxwIVBSmmCh28RwBp#v=onepage&q=siddi%20masud%20habshi&f=false ''Shaping Membership, Defining Nation: The Cultural Politics of African Indians in South Asia.''] Lexington Books, 2007 p.16. {{ISBN|978-0-7391-3121-3}}.</ref>

At the fall of the Mughal Empire, around 1760, Adoni was ruled by governors appointed by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] splinter clan. One such governor was [[Salabat Jung]], brother of the Nizam.<ref>Gribble, J. [https://books.google.com/books?id=a4SUL5ajo44C&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=basalut+jung+adoni&source=bl&ots=K5X7GpMdIz ''History of the Decan.''] Mittal Publications, 1990 p. 59 Accessed at Google Books 10 September 2015.</ref> The French supported the appointment. However,

:"Salabat Jung was very mild by disposition and neither Bussy nor Dupleix rated his intelligence highly. In fact, Dupleix went to the extent of cal ling him a ''duffer''."<ref>Regani, S. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9Fb26pWqhScC&pg=PA27&dq=adoni+kurnool&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCTgeahUKEwiNjvav0_PHAhUi26YKHTzfDgM#v=onepage&q=adoni%20kurnool&f=false ''Nizam-British Relations, 1724–1857.''] Concept Publishing Company, 1988 p. 52. {{ISBN|9788170221951}}</ref>

In 1786, Adoni was [[Siege of Adoni|besieged]] for one month and then captured by [[Tipu Sultan]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] of South India.<ref name="Sen 1995" />{{rp|page=56}} On 4 May 1799, Tipu Sultan died at the hands of the English.<ref>Walker, J. and Walker, C. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AbYBAAAAYAAJ&dq=adoni&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''A gazetteer of Southern India: with the Tenasserim Provinces and Singapore.''] Pharoah, 1855. Accessed 9 October 2014.</ref> On 15 June 1800, [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]], [[Marquess]] of [[Duke of Wellington|Wellington]], wrote to the resident at Hyderabad about appropriate reparations to the Nizam for English occupation of Adoni.<ref>Wellesley, A.[https://books.google.com/books?id=0AM-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA290&dq=adoni+kurnool&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBThGahUKEwjRvaX_hfbHAhWGKKYKHQwlB34#v=onepage&q=adoni%20kurnool&f=false ''The Marquess Wellesley to the Resident at Hyderabad.''] Murry, 1836 p291.</ref> Adoni became one of twenty [[taluq]]s and in 1810, the Adoni and Nagaldinna taluqs were combined.<ref>Kelsall, J. [https://books.google.com/books?id=33cdAAAAIAAJ&dq=adoni+kurnool&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Manual of the Bellary District.''] W. Thomas, 1872 p. 5</ref> In 1817 Adoni, at the beginning of the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], the British raised a new [[battalion]] from other nearby [[regiment]]s.<ref>Butler, W. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jK2fP9t2S7MC&pg=PA67&dq=adoni+kurnool&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBDgoahUKEwiev_DW3PPHAhUiXqYKHQZ5BxU#v=onepage&q=adoni%20kurnool&f=false ''A Narrative of the Historical Events Connected with the Sixty-ninth Regiment.''] W. Mitchell, 1870 p. 67.</ref><ref>Wellesley, A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gwU-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA125&dq=adoni+kurnool&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwATgyahUKEwjxmOrc5fPHAhXBKKYKHZY9CPI#v=onepage&q=adoni%20kurnool&f=false ''The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington.''] Parker, Furnivall, and Parker, 1844 Volume 1 p125.</ref> By 1842, the military had left Adoni because of the perception that the area was susceptible to cholera and because of the unfavourable rugged surrounding geography.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AAUHAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA4&dq=adoni+kurnool&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBzg8ahUKEwikv4zJ6vPHAhVCYaYKHS8pB4A#v=onepage&q=adoni%20kurnool&f=false ''Bellary.''] The Madras quarterly medical journal, 1842 Volume 4 p. 4</ref> Under British rule, [[South India]] was divided into several administrative districts. Adoni fell into the district of [[Bellary]] of [[Madras State|Madras presidency]]. On 29 April 1861, the acting district engineer of Kurnool wrote to the chief secretary to government at [[Fort St George]],
:"North and by east of [[Bellary]], on the [[Hyderabad]] road, the only important town is Adoni; it contains a very large population of [[Musulman|Mussulmen]], and is a place of considerable trade and manufacture."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UdoSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA232&dq=adoni+kurnool&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAjgUahUKEwjIt4vr1enHAhWEkKYKHfVvCVI#v=onepage&q=adoni&f=false ''House of Commons Papers.''] H.M. Stationery Office, 1862. Vol 38 p. 233.</ref>
In 1867, the Adoni and the Bellary Municipal Councils were created.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/toc.html?volume=7 ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7.''] Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1908 p. 158 – 176.</ref> Between 1876 and 1878, a severe [[El Nino]] famine affected Adoni and the surrounding areas where nearly one third of the population died.<ref>Davis, M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2LjYUY3LHkoC&dq=adoni+kurnool&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World.''] Verso Books, 2002 p. 112. {{ISBN|978-1-78168-061-2}}.</ref>
In 1953, after the linguistic reorganisation of the states, Adoni gained its present seat as part of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

===Formation of Kurnool district===
In 1953, 11 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking districts of [[Madras State]] became [[Andhra State]] with [[Kurnool]] as its capital.  In 1956, Andhra State and Telangana merged together to form [[Andhra Pradesh]]. As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, 10 districts were carved out of Andhra Pradesh to form [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://andhrapradesh.pscnotes.com/appsc-group-1-mains/paper-i/andhra-pradesh-history/formation-of-andhra-pradesh/ | title= Formation Of Andhra Pradesh | work=  4 June 2017|publisher= Andhra Pradesh PCS Exam Notes| access-date = 26 November 2023}}</ref>

In 2022, the larger Kurnool district was split into Kurnool and [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]] districts.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/jan/26/cabinet-approves-creation-of-13-new-districts-2411375.html  | title=  Cabinet approves creation of 13 new districts| work= 26 January 2022|publisher= The New Indian Express | access-date = 26 November 2023}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Adoni is located at {{Coord|15.63|N|77.28|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Adoni.html ''Adoni.''] Falling Rain Genomics Accessed 9 October 2014.</ref> It has an average elevation of {{Convert|435|m|ft}} above sea level. The climate is mainly tropical, with temperatures from 31&nbsp;°C to 45&nbsp;°C in summer and 21&nbsp;°C to 29&nbsp;°C in winter.
The soil is black and red. There are large limestone deposits suitable for cement and minerals such as copper, lead, zinc and in some places, diamonds.<ref>Narasaiah, M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DXumfFprdQcC&pg=PA37&dq=adoni+kurnool+economy&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAWoVChMI7sSU8JX2xwIVSCSmCh0GYAes#v=onepage&q=adoni%20kurnool%20economy&f=false ''Empowerment for Women.''] Discovery Publishing House, 2004 p.37 {{ISBN|817141785X}}, 9788171417858.</ref>

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Adoni
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|71.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|26.49}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|blue|1.27}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|1.42}}
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
†<small>Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.2%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.2%).</small>
}}

The 2011 Census, recorded a population of {{formatnum:166537}}.{{Update after|2021}} The total population constituted {{formatnum:82743}} males and {{formatnum:83794}} females. These numbers produced a gender ratio of 1013 females per 1000 males, which was higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=Sex Ratio |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> In the same year, {{formatnum:18406}} children were between 0 and 6 years of age. In this group, {{formatnum:9355}} were boys and {{formatnum:9051}} were girls, giving a gender ratio of 968 per 1000. The average literacy rate was 68.38 percent with {{formatnum:101292}} literate people. This number was significantly lower than the national average of 73 percent.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter–3 (Literates and Literacy rate) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-3.pdf|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref>

The urban agglomeration had a population of 184,771, of which 92,006 were male and 92,765 were female, giving a gender ratio of 1008 females per 1000 males. Children aged 0 to 6 years numbered 20,517. There were 112,151 literate people giving an average literacy rate of 68.28 percent.<ref name="UA population" />

[[Telugu language|Telugu]] is an official language of the city. [[Kannada]] is the third largest spoken language in the city, second being [[Urdu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kannada yet to attain primacy as the real first language in the land of its birth|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810415-kannada-yet-to-attain-primacy-as-the-real-first-language-in-the-land-of-its-birth-772857-2013-11-22|publisher=India today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kannadigas should promote their language: Sait|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2004-11-02|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/11/02/stories/2004110202780300.htm}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Adoni is an important trading center with a large market situated in the center of the town. Adoni is a large producer of cotton and has a substantial [[cotton mill|ginning]] and textile industry. The next most important industry is [[peanut|groundnut]] oil.<ref name="Prasad 2005">Prasad, J. (ed.)[https://books.google.com/books?id=teyEa_6eruYC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278&dq=agriculture+adoni+cotton&source=bl&ots=sXLEBNU6gP&sig=Yny9U4Aj9-VKxZeYxNjTSF5zbDU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwA2oVChMI4qTJo6H2xwIVRzGmCh2BigVe#v=onepage&q=agriculture%20adoni%20cotton&f=false ''Encyclopaedia of Agricultural Marketing.''] Mittal Publications, 2005 p. 278 {{ISBN|8170997453}}, 9788170997450.</ref> Adoni is an important trading center in Andhra Pradesh with a large market situated in the center of the town.<ref name="Prasad 2005" />

== Landmarks ==
[[File:Rock formations at Adoni Hills.jpg|thumb|Rock formations at Adoni Hills|274x274px]]
Historical Adoni Fort{{cn|date=October 2020}} and [[Shahi Jamia Masjid]]<ref>[https://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/92037/_http___www_bl_uk_onlinegallery_onlineex_apac_photocoll_f_zoomify63323_html.html ''Jamma masjid, Adoni.''] Europeana website. Accessed 16 September 2015.</ref> built in 1660 by Siddi Masud are some of the notable landmarks around the city. Sri Rama Jala is also one of the famous historical landmarks. Now it provides water for the town and also has a pump house. The historic Sri Ranamandla konda & Shri Renuka Yellamma temples are located near the Adoni Fort & Ramjala lake.

== Transport ==
=== Road ===
[[APSRTC]] operates buses from the Adoni bus station.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Stations in Districts |url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |website=Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation |access-date=9 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322233330/http://apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |archive-date=22 March 2016 }}</ref>  

=== Rail ===
[[Adoni railway station|The Adoni railway station]] and its connections were built during British rule in 1870<ref>Francis, W. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_RG2x2xDQ5UC&pg=PA440&dq=adoni+railway&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCWoVChMI2NWFwKX2xwIVIuemCh2R5wKJ#v=onepage&q=adoni%20railway&f=false ''Gazetteer of South India.''] Mittal Publications, 2002 p. 441.</ref> and is now a part of the [[South Central Railway]] on the [[Solapur-Guntakal line]] which is part of Chennai-Mumbai line.

== Education ==
The primary and secondary school education is administered by the government and supplemented by private schools, under the ''School Education Department'' of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department |url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 November 2016|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |website=www.ap.gov.in |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |archive-date= 7 November 2016 }}</ref> The language of instruction followed by schools are English, Telugu, Kannada and Urdu

Degree Colleges names they are 1.The Adoni Arts and Science College 2.Sai Degree College 3.Dr.Jyothirmayi Degree College.

Engineering College name is Bheema Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) .

== See also ==
* [[Kurnool district#Administrative divisions|Revenue divisions and mandals in Kurnool district]]
* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population]]
* [[List of municipalities in Andhra Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Adoni}}

{{Municipalities of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Kurnool district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kurnool district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Kurnool district]]