View source for Ahom dynasty

{{Short description|Dynasty that ruled the Ahom kingdom in modern day Assam, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Ahom Dynasty}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Rudra-Singha-Jayata-Kachari-inCourt.jpg|thumb|Rudra Singha receiving the kings of Jayantia and Dimasa kings in his court]] -->
The '''Ahom dynasty''' (1228–1826) ruled the [[Ahom kingdom]] in present-day [[Assam, India]] for nearly 598 years.  The dynasty was established by [[Sukaphaa]], a [[Shan people|Shan]] prince of [[Mong Mao]] who came to Assam after crossing the [[Patkai]] mountains. The rule of this dynasty ended with the [[Burmese invasion of Assam]] and the subsequent annexation by the [[British East India Company]] following the [[Treaty of Yandabo]] in 1826.

In external medieval chronicles the kings of this dynasty were called ''Asam Raja'', whereas the subjects of the kingdom called them ''[[Saopha|Chaopha]]'', or ''Swargadeo'' (in [[Assamese language|Assamese]]).<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HyD5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&dq=swarganarayan+Suhungmung&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTtfeom67xAhV463MBHeZLCegQ6AEwAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=swarganarayan%20Suhungmung&f=false Suhungmung adopted the title ''Swarganarayan''. Later kings were known as ''Swargadeo'']</ref>

== Chao-Pha ==
The office of the Ahom king, was reserved exclusively for the descendants of the first king [[Sukaphaa]] (1228–1268) who came to Assam from [[Mong Mao]] in 1228.<ref>See [[Sukaphaa]] for the origin and journey of the first Ahom king into Assam.</ref> Succession was by [[primogeniture#Agnatic primogeniture|agnatic primogeniture]]. Nevertheless, following [[Rudra Singha]]'s deathbed injunction four of his five sons became the king one after the other.  The descendants of Sukaphaa were not eligible for ministerial positions—a division of power that was followed till the end of the dynasty and the kingdom.  When the nobles asked [[Atan Burhagohain]] to become the king, the Tai priests rejected the idea and he desisted from ascending the throne.

{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = vertical
| header    = Territorial Maps
| width     = 200
| image1     = Ahom territories until 1522 AD with the territories of Raja.jpg
| caption1   = Map showing Ahom kingdom (yellow) in 1522 AD with the domains of three rajas—Namrup (red), Charing (blue) and Tipam (violet)
}}

The king could be appointed only with the concurrence of the {{transl|ass|patra mantris}} (council of ministers—[[Burhagohain]], [[Borgohain]], [[Borpatrogohain]], [[Borbarua]] and [[Borphukan]]).  During three periods in the 14th century, the kingdom had no kings when acceptable candidates were not found.  The ministers could remove unacceptable kings, and it used to involve executing the erstwhile king.  In the 17th century a power struggle and the increasing number of claimants to the throne resulted in kings being deposed in quick succession, all of whom were executed after the new king was instated.  To prevent this bloody end, a new rule was introduced during the reign of Sulikphaa Lora Roja—claimants to the throne had to be physically unblemished—which meant that threats to the throne could be removed by merely slitting the ear of an ambitious prince.  Rudra Sinha, suspecting his brother Lechai's intention, mutilated and banished him.  The problem of succession remained, and on his deathbed he instructed that all his sons were to become kings. One of his sons, Mohanmala, was superseded, who went on to lead a rebel group during the [[Moamoria rebellion]].  The later kings and officers exploited the unblemished rule, leading to weak kings being instated.  [[Kamaleswar Singha]] (2-year-old son of Kadam Dighala) and Purandar Singha (10-year-old son of Brajanath and one of the last kings of this dynasty) came into office because their fathers were mutilated.

The Ahom kings were given divine origin. According to Ahom tradition, Sukaphaa was a descendant of Khunlung, the grandson of the king of the heavens Leungdon, who had come down from the heavens and ruled Mong-Ri-Mong-Ram.  During the reign of [[Suhungmung]] (1497–1539) which saw the composition of the first Assamese [[Buranji]] and increased Hindu influence, the Ahom kings were traced to the union of [[Indra]] (identified with Lengdon) and Syama (a low-caste woman), and were declared ''Indravamsa [[kshatriya]]s'', a lineage created exclusively for the Ahoms.<ref>{{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=283}}.  In standard Hindu [[Purana|Puranic]] history the two accepted royal families are ''Chandravamsi'' and ''Suryavamsi''.</ref> Suhungmung adopted the title ''Swarganarayan'', and the later kings were called Swargadeo's (Lord of the heavens).  It was during his reign that the [[Buranji]] titled ''Sri Sri Swarganarayan Maharajor Jonmokotha'' was written wherein the source and lineage of the Ahom kings was connected to the Hindu God, [[Indra]], Lord of the Heaven.

===Coronation===
The Swargadeo's coronation was called [[Singarigharutha ceremony|Singarigharutha]], a ceremony that was performed first by [[Sudangphaa]], (''Bamuni Konwar'') (1397–1407). The first coins in the new king's name were minted during the reign of [[Jayadhwaj Singha|Sutamla]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BBJjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT9025&lpg=PT9025&dq=suklenmung+coin&source=bl&ots=eXE-4CYW3O&sig=ACfU3U30AOrYc45bIBSP7oN0v8TfjWmJKg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi01fXcr8jnAhVZeX0KHWRvCOsQ6AEwD3oECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=suklenmung%20coin&f=false Standard Catalog of World Coins 1601-1700, "The earliest Ahom coins known therefore were struck during the reign of Jayadhwaj Singha." ]</ref> [[Kamaleswar Singha]] (1795–1811) and [[Chandrakanta Singha]]'s (1811–1818) coronations were not performed on the advice of Prime minister Purnananda [[Burhagohain]], due to the financial constraints of State treasury caused by the internal disturbances during [[Moamoria rebellion]]. Kings who died in office were buried in vaults called [[Moidam]], at [[Charaideo]].  Some of the earlier Moidams were looted by [[Mir Jumla II|Mir Jumla]] in the 17th century, and are lost.  Some later kings, especially with [[Rajeswar Singha]] (1751–1769), who were cremated had their ashes buried instead.

On ascent, the king would generally assume an Ahom name decided by the Ahom priests.  The name generally ended in ''Pha'' ([[Ahom language|Tai]]: Lord), e.g. [[Susenghphaa]].  Later kings also assumed a Hindu name that ended in ''Singha'' ([[Assamese language|Assamese]]: Lion): Susengphaa assumed the name ''Pratap Singha''.  [[Buranji]]s occasionally would refer to a past king by a more informal and colorful name that focused on a specific aspect of the king.  [[Pratap Singha]] was also known as ''Burha Roja'' ([[Assamese language|Assamese]]: Old King) because when Pratap Singha became the king, he was quite advanced in age.

===Royal offices===
Subinphaa (1281–1293), the third Ahom king, delineated the ''Satghariya Ahom'', the Ahom aristocracy of the Seven Houses.  Of this, the first lineage was that of the king.  The next two were the lineages of the [[Burhagohain]] and the [[Borgohain]].  The last four were priestly lineages.  Sukhramphaa (1332–1364) established the position of Charing Raja which came to be reserved for the [[heir apparent]].  The first Charing Raja was Sukhramphaa's half-brother, Chao Pulai, the son of the Kamata princess Rajani, but who did not ultimately become the Swargadeo. [[Suhungmung]] ''Dihingia Raja'' (1497–1539) settled the descendants of past kings in different regions that gave rise to seven royal houses—''Saringiya'', ''Tipamiya'', ''Dihingiya'', ''Samuguriya'', ''[[Tungkhungia Ahom kings|Tungkhungiya]]'', ''Parvatiya'' and ''Namrupiya''—and periods of Ahom rule came to be known after these families.  The rule of the last such house, [[Tungkhungia Ahom kings|Tungkhungiya]], was established by [[Gadadhar Singha]] (1681–1696) and his descendants ruled till the end of the Ahom kingdom.

===Queens===
Ahom queens (''Kunworis'') played important roles in the matter of state.  They were officially designated in a gradation of positions, called the ''Bor Kuwori'' (Chief Queen), ''Parvatia Kuwori'', ''Raidangia Kuwori'', ''Tamuli Kuwori'', etc. who were generally daughters of Ahom noblemen and high officials.  Lesser wives of the Swargadeo were called ''Chamua Kunworis''. Some of the queens were given separate estates that were looked after by state officials (Phukans or Baruas).<ref>{{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=546–547}}</ref> During the reign of [[Siba Singha]] (1714–1744), the king gave his royal umbrella and royal insignia to his queens—Phuleshwari Kunwori, Ambika Kunwori and Anadari Kunwori in succession— to rule the kingdom.  They were called ''Bor-Rojaa''. Some queens maintained office even after the death or removal of the kings, as happened with Pakhori Gabhoru and Kuranganayani who were queens to multiple kings.

One way in which the importance of the queens can be seen is that many of them are named on coins; typically the king's name would be on the obverse of the coin and the queen's on the reverse.

===Court influences===
Sukaphaa's ruling deity was ''Chum-Pha'' and ''Sheng-mung'' a pair of non-Hindu, non-Buddhist gods, and he was accompanied by classes of priests called ''Deodhai'', ''Bailung'' etc.  But the Ahom kings let themselves be influenced by the religion and customs of those they ruled over.  [[Sudangphaa]] ''Bamuni Konwar'' (1397–1407) installed a Brahmin of [[Habung]], in whose household he was born and raised, as his adviser, but he himself did not convert to Hinduism.<ref>{{harv|Gogoi|2006|p=64}}</ref> [[Susenphaa]] (1439–1488) constructed a temple at [[Negheriting Shiva Doul|Negheriting]].<ref name="gogi2006p65">{{harv|Gogoi|2006|p=65}}</ref> [[Suhungmung]] ''Dihingia Rojaa'' (1497–1539) was the first Ahom king to expand the kingdom and the polity, allow Assamese influence in his court and accept a non-Ahom title—''Swarganarayan''.<ref>{{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=283}}</ref> [[Sukhaamphaa]] ''Khora Rojaa'' (1552–1603) began consulting Hindu astrologers alongside the traditional ''Deodhai-Bailung'' priests, and [[Pratap Singha]] (1603–1641) installed 13 Brahmin families as diplomats.<ref name="gogi2006p65"/> [[Assamese language]] coexisted with Tai language in the court till the reign of [[Pratap Singha]], during whose rule Assamese became dominant.  [[Sutamla]] (1648–1663) was the first Ahom king to be initiated into the [[Mahapuruxiya Dharma]],<ref>Sutamla accepted ''Ekasarana'' initiation in 1654. {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=433}}</ref> and Ahom kings till Sulikphaa ''lora roja'' (1679–1681) continued to be disciples of one [[sattra]] or the other.<ref>{{harv|Gogoi|2006|p=66}}</ref> Mahapuruxiya pontiffs belonging to different sects began playing a greater role in state politics.  After the chaos of the late 17th century, [[Supaatphaa|Gadadhar Sinha]] (1681–1696), the first Tungkhungiya king began his rule with a deep distrust of these religious groups.  His son and successor [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]] (1696–1714) searched for an alternative state religion, and his son and successor [[Sutanphaa|Siba Sinha]] (1714–1744) formally adopted [[Saktism]], the nemesis of the Mahapuruxiya sects.  The persecution of the Mahapuruxiya [[Sattra]]s under the Tunkhungiya rulers following Siba Singha was a crucial factor leading to the [[Moamoria rebellion]] that greatly depleted the Ahom kingdom.

===King's Guards===
The king was guarded by a six thousand strong household troop under a ''Bhitarual Phukan''.  A unit of musketeers consisting of the king's relatives was established by Sukhamphaa Khora Raja that protected the capital (under the ''Bajua Hilaidari Konwar'') and the palace and environs (''Bhitarual Hilaidari Konwar'').<ref>{{harv|Baruah|1993|p=19}}</ref>

==Timeline==
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  from:1648  till:1663 shift:(-150,-5)   text:[[Sutamla]] (Jayadhwaj Singha)
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  from:1780 till:1795 shift:(-185,-5)   text:[[Suhitpangphaa]] (Gaurinath Singha)
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</timeline>

==Swargadeo dynastic lineage==
In the nearly 600-years 39-Swargadeo dynastic history, there are three progenitor kings (all subsequent kings are descendants of these kings).  They are [[Sukaphaa]], who established the kingdom; [[Suhungmung]], who made the greatest territorial and political expansion of the kingdom; and [[Supaatphaa]], who established the House of [[Tungkhungia Ahom kings|Tungkhugia king]]s that reigned the kingdom during its political and cultural zenith, as well as the period of decay and end (except for [[Jogeswar Singha]], who was a descendant of Supaatphaa's father [[Gobar Roja|Gobar]], and who was installed as a puppet king by the Burmese).

The dynastic history and dates that are accepted today are the result of a re-examination of Ahom and other documents by a team of Nora astronomers and experts who were commissioned to do so by Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795).<ref>{{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=534–535}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The list of Swargadeos of the [[Ahom Kingdom]]
|-
! Years 
! Reign
! Ahom name
! Other names 
! succession 
! End of reign 
! Capital
|-
|----
| 1228–1268
| 40y
| [[Sukaphaa]]
|
| 
| natural death
| [[Charaideo]]
|----
| 1268–1281
| 13y
| [[Suteuphaa]]
| 
| son of Sukaphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|----
| 1281–1293
| 8y
| [[Subinphaa]]
|
| son of Suteuphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|----
| 1293–1332
| 39y
| [[Sukhaangphaa]]
|
| son of Subinphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|----
| 1332–1364
| 32y
| [[Sukhrangpha]]
|
| son of Sukhaangphaa
| natural death
| Charaideo
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1364–1369 
| 5y
| Interregnum<ref>Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}.  Gait and others do not record this {{harv|Gait|1906|p=358}}, though Baruah does {{harv|Baruah|1993|p=282}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|----
| 1369–1376 
| 7y
| [[Sutuphaa]]
|
| brother of Sukhrangphaa<ref>Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}</ref>
| assassinated<ref>Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the [[Chutiya kingdom]] on a barge ride on Suffry river {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=273}}.</ref>
| Charaideo
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1376–1380 
| 4y
| Interregnum
|
|
|
|
|----
| 1380–1389 
| 9y
| [[Tyao Khamti]] 
|
| brother of Sutuphaa
| assassinated<ref>Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=274}}.</ref>
| Charaideo
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1389–1397 
| 8y
| Interregnum
|
|
|
|
|----
| 1397–1407 
| 10y
| [[Sudangphaa]] 
| Baamuni Kunwar
| son of Tyao Khaamti<ref>Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=274–275}}.</ref>  
| natural death
| Charagua
|----
| 1407–1422 
| 15y 
| [[Sujangphaa]]
|
| son of Sudangphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1422–1439 
| 17y 
| [[Suphakphaa]]
|
| son of Sujangpha
| natural death
|
|----
| 1439–1488 
| 49y
| [[Susenphaa]] 
|
| son of Suphakphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1488–1493 
| 5y
| [[Suhenphaa]] 
|
| son of Susenphaa
| assassinated<ref>Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=282}}.</ref> 
|
|----
| 1493–1497 
| 4y
| [[Supimphaa]] 
|
| son of Suhenphaa
| natural death
|
|----valign="top"
| 1497–1539 
| 42y
| [[Suhungmung]] 
| [[Swarganarayan]],<br/> Dihingiaa Rojaa I
| son of Supimphaa
| assassinated<ref>Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=309}}.</ref>
| [[Bakata]]
|----
| 1539–1552 
| 13y
| [[Suklenmung]] 
| Garhgayaan Rojaa
| son of Suhungmung 
| natural death
| [[Garhgaon]]
|----
| 1552–1603 
| 51y 
| [[Sukhaamphaa]]
| Khuraa Rojaa
| son of Suklenmung 
| natural death
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1603–1641 
| 38y
| [[Susenghphaa]] 
| [[Prataap Singha]],<br/> Burhaa Rojaa,<br/> Buddhiswarganarayan
| son of Sukhaamphaa
| natural death
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1641–1644 
| 3y
| [[Suramphaa]]
| Jayaditya Singha,<br/> Bhogaa Rojaa
| son of Susenghphaa 
| deposed<ref>Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=386}}.  He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.</ref> 
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1644–1648 
| 4y
| [[Sutingphaa]] 
| Noriyaa Rojaa
| brother of Suramphaa
| deposed<ref>Sutingphaa was a sickly king (''Noriaya Raja''), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers.  He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=391–392}}.</ref> 
| Garhgaon
|----valign="top"
| 1648–1663 
| 15y 
| [[Sutamla]] 
| Jayadhwaj Singha,<br/> Bhoganiyaa Rojaa
| son of Sutingphaa
| natural death
| Garhgaon/Bakata
|----valign="top"
| 1663–1670 
| 7y 
| [[Supangmung]]
| [[Chakradhwaj Singha]]
| cousin of Sutamla<ref>Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (''Deo Raja''), the second son of [[Suhungmung]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=448}}.</ref>
| natural death
| Bakata/Garhgaon
|----
| 1670–1672 
| 2y
| [[Sunyatphaa]]
| Udayaditya Singha
| brother of Supangmung<ref>The ''Maju Gohain'', the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. {{harv|Gogoi|1968|p=470}}</ref>
| deposed<ref>Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day.  Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=479–482}}. This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, [[Atan Burhagohain]] and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession.  This period ended with the accession of [[Gadadhar Singha]].</ref>
|
|----
| 1672–1674 
| 2y 
| [[Suklamphaa]] 
| Ramadhwaj Singha
| brother of Sunyatphaa
| poisoned<ref>Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=484}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1674–1675 
| 21d
|[[Suhung]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ahom Language Coins of Assam|last=Deyell|first=John S.}}</ref>
| Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang 
| Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung
| deposed<ref>The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=486}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1675-1675 
| 24d 
| 
| [[Gobar Roja]]
| great-grandson of Suhungmung<ref>Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of [[Suhungmung]] Dihingiya Roja.</ref>         
| deposed<ref>Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the ''Saraighatias'' (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by [[Atan Burhagohain]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=486–488}}.  Their target was the ''de facto'' ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1675–1677 
| 2y 
|[[Sujinphaa]]<ref>After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more princes rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). ''Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung'')</ref>
| Arjun Konwar,<br/> Dihingia Rojaa II
| grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain
| deposed, suicide<ref>Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the ''de facto'' ruler, [[Atan Burhagohain]], but was routed in a skirmish.  Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=489}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1677–1679 
| 2y 
| [[Sudoiphaa]] 
| Parvatia Rojaa
| great-grandson of Suhungmung<ref>Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|p=490}}.</ref>
| deposed, killed<ref>Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed.  [[Atan Burhagohain]], the powerful minister, had been executed earlier {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=492–493}}.</ref>
|
|----valign="top"
| 1679–1681 
| 3y 
| [[Sulikphaa]] 
| Ratnadhwaj Singha,<br/> Loraa Rojaa
| Samaguria family
| deposed, killed<ref>Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by [[Gadadhar Singha]] {{Harvcol|Gogoi|1968|pp=496–497}}.</ref>
|
|----
| 1681–1696 
| 15y 
| [[Supaatphaa]] 
| [[Gadadhar Singha]]
| son of Gobar Rojaa
| natural death
| Borkola
|----
| 1696–1714 
| 18y
| [[Sukhrungphaa]]
| [[Rudra Singha]]
| son of Supaatphaa
| natural death
| [[Rangpur (Ahom capital)|Rangpur]]
|----
| 1714–1744 
| 30y
| [[Sutanphaa]]
| [[Siba Singha]]
| son Sukhrungphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1744–1751 
| 7y 
| [[Sunenphaa]] 
| [[Pramatta Singha]]
| brother of Sutanphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1751–1769
| 18y
| [[Suremphaa]]
| [[Rajeswar Singha]]
| brother of Sunenphaa
| natural death
|
|----
| 1769–1780 
| 11y
| [[Sunyeophaa]] 
| [[Lakshmi Singha]]
| brother of Suremphaa
| natural death
|
|---
| 1780–1795 
| 15y
| [[Suhitpangphaa]] 
| [[Gaurinath Singha]]
| son of Sunyeophaa
| natural death
| Jorhat
|----
| 1795–1811 
| 16y
| [[Suklingphaa]] 
| [[Kamaleswar Singha]] 
| great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha<ref>Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of [[Gadadhar Singha]].  Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|pp=148–150}}.</ref>
| natural death, smallpox
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1811–1818 
| 17y 
| [[Sudingphaa]] (1) 
| [[Chandrakaanta Singha]]
| brother of Suklingphaa
| deposed<ref name="purandar-accession">Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=221}}.  The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of [[Suremphaa]] Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead {{Harvcol|Gait|1906|p=223}}.</ref>
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1818–1819 
| 1y
|
| [[Purandar Singha]] (1)
| descendant of Suremphaa<ref name="purandar-accession"/>
| deposed<ref>Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands.  Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|pp=221–222}}.</ref>
| Jorhat
|----valign="top"
| 1819–1821
| 2y 
| [[Sudingphaa]] (2)
| [[Chandrakaanta Singha]] 
|
| fled the capital<ref>Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of [[Bagyidaw]] king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=223}}.</ref>
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF" valign="top"
| 1821–1822 
| 1y
| 
| [[Jogeswar Singha]] 
| 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler<ref>Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of [[Bagyidaw]].  He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=223}}.</ref>
| removed<ref>Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=225}}.</ref>  
|
|- bgcolor="#FFFF99" valign="top"
| 1833–1838 
| 
|
| [[Purandar Singha]] (2)<ref>Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam {{Harvcol|Baruah|1993|p=244}}.</ref>  
|
|
|
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Citation | last=Baruah | given=S. L. | title=Last Days of Ahom Monarchy | publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi | year=1993}}
* {{Citation |last=Gait | given=Edward | title=A History of Assam | publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co, Calcutta | year=1906}}
* {{Citation| last=Gogoi | given=Nitul Kumar | title=Continuity And Change Among The Tai-Ahom | publisher=Concept Publishing Company | year=2006}}
* {{Citation| last=Gogoi | given=Padmeshwar | title=The Tai and the Tai kingdoms | publisher=Gauhati University, Guwahati | year=1968}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120219170043/http://www.assamtribune.com/sep1909/horizon1.html A mighty clan's website] An article by Saikh Md Sabah Al-Ahmed in The Assam Tribune "Horizon", Saturday special, dated 19 September 2009
* [http://coinindia.com/galleries-assam.html Coins of Ahom Dynasty]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tai history]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Assam]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1228]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Ahom kingdom]]
[[Category:1820s disestablishments]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]