View source for Communist Party of India Marxist-Leninist Liberation

{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = Communist Party of India<br>(Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
| party_logo = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation logo.png
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1974}}
| abbreviation = CPI-ML(L), CPIML Liberation
| general_secretary = [[Dipankar Bhattacharya]]
| loksabha_leader =
| rajyasabha_leader =
| ideology = [[Communism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/documents-2/10th-congress-cpiml/general-programme-of-cpiml/|title=General Programme of CPI(ML)|date=6 April 2013|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) website|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref><br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]
| colours = {{color box|{{Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red]]
| colorcode = {{Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation/meta/color}}
| headquarters = Charu Bhawan, U-90, Shakarpur, [[Delhi]]-110092
| students = [[All India Students Association]]
| youth = [[Revolutionary Youth Association]]
| women = All India Progressive Women's Association
| labour = {{Bulleted_list|All India Central Council of Trade Unions|All India Agricultural Labour Association}}
| position = 
| eci = State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
| publication = ''Liberation'' (English)<br> ''Aajker Deshabrati'' (Bengali)
| symbol = 
| website = {{official URL}}
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation/meta/color}}}}
| predecessor = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]]
| rajyasabha_seats = {{composition bar|0|245|hex={{Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation/meta/color}}}} 
| state_seats_name  = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]
| state_seats = {{composition bar|12|243|hex={{Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation/meta/color}}}} 
| state2_seats_name = [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
| state2_seats = {{composition bar|1|81|hex={{Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation/meta/color}}}}
}}
The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation''' ([[Abbreviation|abbr.]] '''CPI-ML(L)''' or '''CPIML Liberation'''), also referred to as the '''Liberation group''',<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Bose|first=Sumantra|title=Transforming India: Challenges to the World's Largest Democracy|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2013|isbn=978-0-674-05066-2|location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]] & [[London]]|pages=179}}</ref> is a communist political party in [[India]].

CPI (ML) Liberation is a political party that was reorganised in Bihar during the Bhojpur Movement after the death of [[Charu Majumdar]] and disintegration of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|CPI(ML)]]. It has presence in several states of the country namely [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Punjab]], [[West Bengal]], [[Delhi]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Odisha]], [[Karnataka]], [[Assam]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] where it operates through various mass organisations (workers, farmers, women, youth, student unions).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|url=http://cpiml.net/|website=cpiml.net|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

== History ==
In 1973 the original [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] CPI (ML) was split, with one group led by Sharma and another by Mahadev Mukherjee. [[Vinod Mishra]] initially belonged to Mukherjee's party, but he and the Burdwan Regional Committee broke with Mukherjee in September 1973. Mishra sought contact with the Sharma group, but the Burdwan Regional Committee was later divided and Mishra denounced the political line of Sharma (a critique, which amongst other things, called for the formation of open mass organizations, a move that almost constituted a heresy in the CPI (ML) movement at the time).<ref name="lib">Sen, Arindam. ''[http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_1999/january/homage11.htm The Life of Vinod Mishra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210847/http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_1999/january/homage11.htm |date=23 September 2015 }}''</ref>

In 1974 Mishra came into contact with Subrata Dutta (Jauhar), a leader of armed struggle in the plain areas of [[Bihar]]. On 28 July 1974 (the second death anniversary of [[Charu Majumdar]]) a new party [[Central Committee]] was formed with Jauhar as General Secretary and Mishra and Swadesh Bhattacharya (Raghu) as members.<ref name="lib" /> The reorganized party became known as the 'anti-[[Lin Biao]]' group (whilst the faction of Mahadev Mukherjee constituted the 'pro-Lin Biao' group).<ref name="karat" /> The anti-Lin Biao group became known as the CPI (ML) Liberation.<ref name="nax">''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]''. ''[http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm The road from Naxalbari] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017003722/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm |date=17 October 2006 }}''. Volume 22 - Issue 21, 8–21 October 2005</ref>

Mishra served as [[West Bengal]] secretary of the new party organization. Under Mishra's leadership new ''dalams'' (guerilla squads) were formed.

In November 1975 Jauhar was killed in the midst of [[Lal Sena]] activities. Mishra became the new party General Secretary in a reorganized five-member Central Committee. Mishra organized a second party congress, held clandestinely in the rural areas of [[Gaya district]] in February 1976. The congress unanimously re-elected Mishra as General Secretary.<ref name="lib" />

=== Reorientation and rectification ===
Mishra was the political architect of the process of re-orientation of CPI (ML) Liberation.<ref name="lib"/> By 1976 the party had adopted a position that armed struggle would be combined with building a broad anti-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] democratic front movement.<ref name="nax"/> The process further elaborated through an internal rectification process initiated in late 1977. Party study circles and party schools were started from central to block level of the party structure. The theory of two line tactics started to develop.

In 1981 party tried to unify the other splintered ML factions. The party organised a unity meet with 13 ML factions to form a unified leading core . But the initiative was a failure.

==== The IPF ====
In the early 1980s CPI (ML) Liberation began building an open non-party mass movement (in direct to the original policy of CPI (ML)), the [[Indian People's Front]] (founded in April 1982). [[Nagbhushan Patnaik]] became the president of IPF. The construction of IPF, through which the underground party could develop links to other democratic forces on the basis of a popular, democratic and patriotic programme, was based on interventions by Mishra.<ref name="lib" /> However although Mishra broke with the dogmas of the early CPI (ML), he never renounced Charu Majumdar's legacy.<ref name="karat">[[Prakash Karat|Karat, Prakash]]. ''[http://cpim.org/marxist/198501_marxist_naxalism_Prakash.htm Naxalism Today; At an Ideological {{sic|Deadend}}]''. ''The Marxist'', Volume: 3, No. 1, January–March 1985</ref>

In the third party congress it was decided that IPF will participate in parliamentary elections. In 1989 IPF's [[Rameshwar Prasad (CPI(ML) Liberation)|Rameshwar Prasad]] won the loksabha seat from Ara ([[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]]). In 1990, IPF won 7 seats from Bihar Legislative Assembly. Special initiatives taken for restructuring the party and open up. IPF hold its first rally on 8 October 1990 in Delhi.

==== The ASDC ====
In 1985, the party launched People's democratic Front (PDF)  in [[Karbi Anglong]] district of Assam which won a seat in state assembly. In 1987 PDF was transformed to [[Autonomous State Demand Committee]] (ASDC). A sustained mass movement by ASDC help it to sweep district council elections in 1989. In 1981, ASDC's [[Jayanta Rongpi]] became an MP in Parliament. In 1996, ASDC was able to send its five-member group in Assam assembly as MLA.

In 1992, after the Fifth party congress (Held in Kolkata), the party comes out in the open from its underground status.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2009/april_09/cover.html|title=Long March from Naxalbari : Most Memorable Moments|website=archive.cpiml.org|access-date=2016-11-19}}</ref> Mishra was re-elected General Secretary of the party at the sixth congress of CPI (ML) Liberation in [[Varanasi]] in October 1997.<ref name="lib"/>

== Present ==

The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Liberation), led by [[Dipankar Bhattacharya]] is a surviving faction of the CPI (M-L).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organisation (10th All India Party Congress) {{!}} Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|url=http://cpiml.net/Organisation-%2810th-All-India-Party-Congress%29|website=cpiml.net|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> Liberation has established legal overground structures (trade unions, student groups, peasant organisations etc.) and participates in elections. In the Lok Sabha elections in 1999 the party won 0.3% of the votes and one seat (the former ASDC-seat from [[Assam]]). In the 2004 elections the seat was lost, mainly due to a split within ASDC. As of 2016, the party has been able to send its representatives to the state legislative assemblies of [[Bihar (India)|Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] as well as the panchayats of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Punjab.

In November 2020, it won 12 seats in Bihar's election.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ACTRENDS2020/partywiseresult-S04.htm|access-date=2020-11-11|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== Publications ==

The English-language publication of the party is ''Liberation'', and thus the party is called CPI (ML) Liberation. Apart from ''Liberation'', the party publishes a central Hindi weekly organ, ''Samkaleen Lokyuddh''. Some state party committees publish their own organs, like the weekly ''Ajker Deshabrati'' in West Bengal, ''Nabasphulinga'' in Tripura, ''Teeppori'' in Tamil Nadu, ''Telugu Liberation'' in Andhra Pradesh, ''Kannada Liberation'' in Karnataka, ''Samkali Lok Morcha'' in Punjab, etc.

==Mass organizations==
The main mass organizations of the party are:
*[[Revolutionary Youth Association]] (RYA)
*[[All India Students Association]] (AISA)
*[[All India Agricultural Labour Association]] (AIALA)
*[[All India Peasants' Coordination Committee]]
*[[All India Central Council of Trade Unions]] (AICCTU)
*[[All India Progressive Women's Association]] (AIPWA)
*[[Autonomous State Demand Committee]] (ASDC)
*[[All India Construction Workers Federation]] (AICWF)

== States ==
=== Bihar ===
The party has a longstanding conflict with the feudal landlords since the beginning of CPI (ML). Siwan, Bhojpur, Arrah  are the citadel of CPI (ML) movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/library/library-items?cat=report-from-the-flaming-fields-of-bihar|title=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Library ItemsCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|website=cpiml.org|access-date=2016-11-30}}</ref> The communist movement in Bihar was founded by the comrade [[Jagdish Mahto]], Rameshwar Ahir and Ramnaresh Ram in the Ekwaari village of Bhojpur.<ref name="Gail">{{cite book|title = 	Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India|first=Gail|last= Omvedt|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|pages=58–60|year=1993|isbn=0765631768|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wlxb0uacnRcC&pg=PA59|access-date=2020-06-16}}</ref>

==== Bihar Legislative Assembly Election ====
[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]

CPI (ML) Liberation emerged as the third largest party in Bihar Legislative Assembly Election 2015. The party contested jointly along with CPI, CPI(M), RSP, Forward block, and SUCI(C) as a third alternative to the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] and the [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]] of [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] and [[Nitish Kumar]]. The party won three seats from [[Siwan district]] ([[Satyadeo Ram]] from [[Darauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Darauli )]], [[Katihar district]] ( [[Mahbub Alam (politician)|Mahbub Alam]] from [[Balrampur, Katihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Balrampur]]) and [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur District]] ([[Sudama Prasad]] from [[Tarari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tarari)]] each. The party has a vote  percentage of 1.5% in the state. All the left parties together have a vote percentage of 3.59%.
[[File:2020 Bihar assembly election results.png|thumb|218x218px|Map of results of 2020 Bihar assembly elections, grouped by party and alliance]]
[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]

CPI(ML) Liberation contested as a member of [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagatbandhan]] and secured 12 seats with a vote percentage of 3.16% <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/cpi-mls-show-in-bihar-an-eye-opener-for-left-parties/article33087917.ece |title=CPI (ML)'s show in Bihar an eye-opener for Left parties|website=thehindu.com |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> 

Among the victorious candidates of CPI (ML) are the former [[Revolutionary Youth Association|RYA]] National President [[Amarjeet Kushwaha]] ([[Ziradei (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ziradei]]) along with present RYA National President [[Manoj Manzil]] ([[Agiaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Agiaon]]), former [[All India Students Association|AISA]] National General Secretary and also former [[Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union|JNUSU]] General Secretary [[Sandeep Saurav]]  ([[Paliganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Paliganj]]),<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Nov 12|first1=Avijit Ghosh {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=16:46|title=Ex-JNU students in Bihar polls: CPML, Cong win; BJP loses {{!}} Bihar Assembly Elections 2020 Election News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/ex-jnu-student-report-card-in-bihar-polls-cpml-cong-win-bjp-loses/articleshow/79187885.cms|access-date=2020-11-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> RYA Bihar President Ajit Kumar Singh ([[Dumraon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dumraon]]) , National Vice-President of [[All India Kisan Mahasabha]] (AIKMS) Arun Singh ([[Karakat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karakat]]) , [[Jan Sanskriti Manch]] activist Mahanand Prasad ([[Arwal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arwal]]) , Bihar Secretary of [[All India Agricultural and Rural Labourers Association]] (AIARLA) Gopal Ravidas ([[Phulwari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Phulwari]]) , AIARLA Bihar President Virendra Prasad ([[Sikta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sikta]]) , and Vice-President of [[All India Central Council of Trade Unions|AICCTU]] in Bihar Rambali Singh Yadav ([[Ghosi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ghosi]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/election-2020/bihar-election-results-constituency-wise-live-updates-rjd-jdu-bjp-nda-ljp-congress-ec-counting-tejashwi-yadav-winner-nitish-kumar-913419.html#1|title=Bihar Election Result Constituency-wise: RJD emerges single largest party, but NDA in the driver's seat|website=Deccan herald|access-date=2020-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the CPIML Candidates for the Bihar Assembly {{!}} Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|url=https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2020/11/meet-the-cpiml-candidates-for-the-bihar-assembly|access-date=2020-11-18|website=www.cpiml.net|language=en}}</ref>

The three previous incumbent CPI(ML) MLAs from 2015 retained their representation in the 2020 legislative assembly.

=== Jharkhand ===
Since the separation of Jharkhand from Bihar important places like Ranchi, Dhanbad, Giridih, Koderma, Jamtada and others have been field of work of the party. In Jharkhand the party is the representative of regional [[adivasi]]s who have conflicts with corporates and government against improper land seizure without proper rehabilitation. The party also has conflicts with the local coal mafias.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/liberation/february-2010/jharkhand-elections-and-after?default=yes|title=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Jharkhand Elections and AfterCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|website=cpiml.org|access-date=2016-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201020145/http://cpiml.org/liberation/february-2010/jharkhand-elections-and-after?default=yes|archive-date=1 December 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>[[File:Giridih in Jharkhand (India).svg|thumb|[[Giridih district]], Jharkhand|157x157px]]
==== Jharkhand Panchayat Election 2015 ====
In Giridih district the party emerged as the single largest party and won 11 Zila Parishad seats during the panchayat election of 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/ml-update/vol-19-no-01/jharkhand-panchayat-elections-cpiml-emerges-as-the-biggest-party-in-terms-of-seats-in-giridih-district|title=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Jharkhand Panchayat Elections : CPI(ML) Emerges as the Biggest Party in Terms of Seats in Giridih DistrictCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|website=cpiml.org|access-date=2016-11-16}}</ref>

==== Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election ====
[[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]

The party contested in cooperation with state left parties like  Marxist Coordination Centre(MCC),  CPI, and CPI(M) as an alternative to the BJP and INC led alliances. The party won one seat from [[Giridih district]] (Rajkumar Yadav from [[Dhanwar, Giridih|Dhanwar)]]. The party got 1.5% of vote in the state. All the left parties together got 2.5% vote in the state.

[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]

The party regained the legislative assembly seat of [[Bagodar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bagodar]] <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-23|title=Bagodar Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Vinod Kumar Singh of CPI(ML)(L) Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bagodar-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-2430769.html|access-date=2021-01-31|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> but lost the previous seat from [[Dhanwar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhanwar]].

=== Punjab ===
The party here represents the landless dalit labourers through the [[Mazdoor Mukti Morcha]] which is affiliated to AIALA. The Green revolution mechanised the agriculture since the rule of Indira Gandhi. But the landless remained land less.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/liberation/july-2010/punjab-popular-struggles-and-left-assertion?default=yes|title=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Punjab: Popular Struggles and Left AssertionCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|website=cpiml.org|access-date=2016-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119061145/http://cpiml.org/liberation/july-2010/punjab-popular-struggles-and-left-assertion?default=yes|archive-date=19 November 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[File:India - Punjab - Mansa.svg|thumb|Mansa, Punjab|167x167px]]

==== The Malwa Uprising ====
In 2009 there was a land siege by the landless farmers in the Malwa region which includes Singrur, Mansa, Bhatinda under the leadership of the CPI (ML) Liberation. This was as a result of  unprovided free land  as was promised by the ruling parties as per Punjab Land Consolidation and Fragmentation act of 1961. The protesters struck a deal with the government to legally allot them lands as per provisions within three months. The government demanded immediate vacation of the sieged lands. The farmers did not agree which led to a government crackdown on May 21.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/peasant-uprising-in-punjab/story-CmsM8Yl7BdyNAYfFB4ZNrJ.html|title=Peasant uprising in Punjab|date=2009-06-11|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>



== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://t.me/cpimllib Official Telegram Channel]
* {{official}}
* [https://twitter.com/cpimlliberation Official Twitter Handle]
* [https://www.facebook.com/cpimlliberation/ Official Facebook Page]
* [http://www.eci.gov.in/mis-Political_Parties/Constitution_of_Political_Parties%5CConstitution_of_CPIML.pdf Constitution of the Party]{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, retrieved at [[Election Commission of India]] website
* [http://www.epw.org.in/showArticles.php?_root=2005&leaf=04&filename=8510&filetype=pdf ''"The Naxalite Movement in Central Bihar"'' PDF document]{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. By Bela Bhatia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20030922063552/http://www.epw.org.in/ '''Economic and Political Weekly'''].  9 April 2005 pp 1536 – 1549.
* http://directaction.org.au/issue5/cpi_ml_builds_stronger_party_in_india
* http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/peasant-uprising-in-punjab/story-CmsM8Yl7BdyNAYfFB4ZNrJ.html
* http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/MNREGS-honour-for-Mansa-village/articleshow/50842406.cms
* http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ignored-by-state-govt-mansa-village-to-receive-national-honour/story-Pkiu9J1BtmVzhs1abzucUP.html
* http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/CPI-ML-plans-stir-for-land-reforms/articleshow/29804821.cms
* http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/in-jnu-we-are-fighting-for-india-s-democracy-cpi-ml-general-secretary/story-6rYRRqFVFjew2zlH1BBRjJ.html
* http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-cpi-ml-leader-swapan-mukherjee-dies-at-63-1455165

{{Indian political parties}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}}
[[Category:Political parties established in 1974]]
[[Category:Communist parties in India|Liberation]]