View source for Daman and Diu

{{short description| Union Territory India}}
{{about|the union territory of India|the current Indian union territory|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox subdivision
| common_name = Daman and Diu<br/>''Damão e Diu''
| conventional_long_name = Daman and Diu
| image ={{Photomontage
| photo1a = 
| photo2a = 
| photo2b = 
| size                            = 280
| spacing                         = 1
| position                        = centre
| border                          = 0
| color                           = white 
}}
| image_caption =
| nation = India
| status_text =  [[Union Territory of India ]]
| capital = [[Daman, India|Daman]]
| date_end = 8 January 
| event_end = Formation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
| p1 = Goa, Daman and Diu
| flag_p1 = Emblem of Goa, Daman and Diu.png
| s1 = Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
| flag_s1 = Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png
| image_flag = 
| symbol_type = Seal
| image_coat = Seal of Daman and Diu.svg
| image_map = IN-DD.svg
| image_map_caption = Map of Daman and Diu
| coordinates = 
| legislature = 
| house1 = 
| house2 = 
| political_subdiv = [[Districts of India|2 districts]]
| title_leader = [[Administrator of Daman and Diu|Administrator]]
| leader1 = Gopal Singh 
| year_leader1 = 1987 (''first'')
| leader2 = [[Praful Khoda Patel]] 
| year_leader2 = 2019 (''last'')
| title_deputy = 
| deputy1 = 
| year_deputy1 = 
| deputy2 = 
| footnotes =
|stat_year1 =
|stat_area1 = 112
|stat_pop1 = 242,911
}}
'''Daman and Diu''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|n|...|'|d|iː|uː}}; [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Damão e Diu''; {{audio|Daman & Diu.ogg|locally}}) is a district of the [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] union territory in western [[India]]. It was a separate [[union territory]] until January 8, 1983, later it is merged with [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] union territory to form a single UT due to its small landmass. With an area of {{cvt|112|km2}}, it was the smallest federal division of [[India]] on the mainland. The territory comprised two distinct regions—[[Daman District, India|Daman]] and [[Diu District|Diu]]—that are geographically separated by the [[Gulf of Khambhat]]. The state of [[Gujarat]] and the [[Arabian Sea]] bordered the territory. A [[Portuguese India]]n colony since the early 1500s, the territories were [[Annexation of Goa|annexed]] by India in 1961. Daman and Diu were administered as part of the union territory of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] between 1961 and 1987, when they became a separate union territory. In 2019, legislation was passed to merge the union territory of Daman and Diu with its neighbouring union territory, [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], to form the new union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] with effect from January 8 2783.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indusdictum.com/2019/12/04/dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu-uts-merge-for-better-admin-efficiency-service-mos-home/|title=Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu UTs merge for 'better admin efficiency, service': MoS Home|first=The ID|last=Staff|date=4 December 2019|website=Indus Dictum|access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref>

== History ==
For over 450 years, the coastal enclaves of Daman ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: Damão) and Diu on the Arabian Sea coast were part of [[Portuguese India]], along with [[Goa]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] were incorporated into the Republic of India on 19 December 1961, by [[Operation Vijay (1961)|military conquest]]. [[Portugal]] did not recognise the Indian annexation of these territories until the [[Carnation Revolution]] of 1974. The territory has also been ruled by [[Kolis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&q=Daman+Diu+Koli&pg=PA136|title=Gujarat–Daman–Diu: A Travel Guide|last=Ward|date=1998|publisher=Orient Longman Limited|isbn=9788125013839|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&q=Daman+Diu+Koli&pg=PP19|title=Daman and Diu|last1=Singh|first1=K. S.|last2=Solanki|first2=B. R.|last3=Sinha|first3=N. K.|last4=Pereira|first4=Jaime F.|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=9788171547616|language=en}}</ref>

The territory of Goa, Daman and Diu was administered as a single union territory until 30 May 1987, when Goa was granted statehood, leaving Daman and Diu as a separate union territory. Each enclave constituted one of the union territory's two [[district]]s. Daman and Diu are approximately 650 kilometres away from each other by road.

On 3 November 2019, Daman [[District magistrate|Collector]] Rakesh Minhas issued a [[Unlawful assembly#India|Section 144]] order banning peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting and the use of loudspeakers across the entire district and ordered the conversion of Government High School, Bhimpore and the Government Sarvottam High School, Moti Daman into 'temporary jails'.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 November 2019|title=Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'|url=https://thewire.in/rights/section-144-daman-protests-evictions|access-date=2 March 2021|work=The Wire|language=en}}</ref> This was in response to a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|local administration]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 November 2019|title=Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demolition-of-houses-section-144-in-daman-after-residents-protest-6103699/|access-date=2 March 2021|work=Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> that had confiscated their land and bulldozed their homes. The ensuing [[2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests]] resulted with the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests. Few of the [[adivasi]] fisherfolk were rehoused whilst most languished traumatised and homeless on the streets near the rubble of their razed homes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uppal|first=Jas|date=6 January 2020|title=Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished|url=https://www.justiceupheld.org.uk/daman-land-and-property-owned-by-the-fishing-communities-confiscated-and-homes-demolished/|access-date=2 March 2021|website=Justice Upheld|language=en}}</ref>

In December 2019, the Parliament of India passed legislation to merge Daman and Diu with the nearby union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] to create a new union territory to be known as [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Amrita Nayak |title=There will be one UT less as Modi govt plans to merge Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu |url=https://theprint.in/india/there-will-be-one-ut-less-as-modi-govt-plans-to-merge-dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu/261056/ |access-date=22 August 2019 |work=The Print |date=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/national/754685-govt-plans-to-merge-2-uts----daman-and-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli |title = Govt plans to merge 2 UTs -- Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli}}</ref><ref>http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/366_2019_LS_Eng.pdf</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{IndiaCensusPop
| title = Population growth
| state =
| 1951 = 49000
| 1961 = 37000
| 1971 = 63000
| 1981 = 79000
| 1991 = 102000
| 2001 = 158000
| estimate = 
| estyear  = 
| estref   = 
| footnote = Source:Census of India<ref name="Census Population">{{cite web|url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf|title=Census Population|work=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance India|access-date=18 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219073658/http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf|archive-date=19 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{bar box
|title=Literacy rates in Daman and Diu
|titlebar=#ddd
|bars=
{{bar percent|Male|lightblue|91.5}}
{{bar percent|Female|pink|79.5}}
{{bar percent|Total|grey|87.1}}
}}

According to the 2011 census, Daman and Diu had a literacy rate of 87.1%, higher than the national average of 74.04%.<ref>census 2011</ref> Male and female literacy rates are 91.5 and 79.5 per cent respectively. The lowest female-to-male ratio in India (618 females per thousand males) was recorded in Daman and Diu.<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_link/PDF_Links/chapter3.pdf |title=Ranking of States and Union territories by population size : 1991 and 2001 |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |pages=5–6 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192159/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_link/PDF_Links/chapter3.pdf |archive-date=2 January 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The Daman district, with a female-to-male ratio of 0.533,{{clarify|This is a number, not a ratio|date=February 2020}} is among the lowest of all the districts.

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Daman and Diu<ref name= "Census 2011 website">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/daman+and+diu.html|title=Daman and Diu |access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621222156/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/daman+and+diu.html|archive-date=21 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Hinduism|orange|90.50}}
{{bar percent|Islam|green|7.92}}
{{bar percent|Christianity|red|1.16}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.41}}
}}

Hinduism was by far the most common religion in Daman and Diu. Muslims were the second-largest religious group in the territory, followed by Christians. The Catholic Christians of Daman and Diu are pastorally served by the Metropolitan [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman]], which has its see in Goa, the [[primate (bishop)|primatial see]] of India.

===Languages===
{{Pie chart| thumb = right 
|caption=Languages of Daman and Diu (2011)<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Language – India, States and Union Territories |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General |pages=13–14 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
|label1=[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]|value1=50.83
|color1 = purple
|label2=[[Hindi language|Hindi]]|value2=36.31
|color2= orange
|label3=[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|value3=4.53
|color3= yellow
|label4=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|value4=2.15
|color4= green
|label5= [[Odia language|Odia]]
|value5 = 1.82
|color5= blue
|label6= [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
|value6= 0.58
|color6= brown
|label7= [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
|value7=0.51
|color7= violet
|label8=[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|value8=0.49
|color8= lightblue
|label9 = Others
|value9= 2.78
|color9= grey
}}

[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] was the mother tongue of most of the territory's population, as they belong to the Gujarati-speaking [[Damaniya]] sub-caste. Along with Gujarati, [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] are also widely used. Daman and Diu were once part of a combined union territory along with [[Goa]] (a Konkani-speaking region) before Goa became a state in 1987.

The use of Portuguese, which was the territory's official language during the colonial period, is in decline and relegated to home use. It is also used as a liturgical language by the territory's Catholics. Standard Portuguese exists in a [[post-creole continuum]] while [[Daman and Diu Portuguese]] is spoken by about 10,000–12,000 people in Daman.

The languages taught in schools in Daman and Diu under the [[three-language formula]] were:<ref>{{cite web|title=51st REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|date=15 July 2015|access-date=15 February 2018|page=125|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025959/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*First language: Gujarati
*Second language: Hindi
*Third language: English

== Administration ==


According to the Constitution of India, the administration of Daman and Diu was carried out by an Administrator, appointed by the President of India as an agent of the President, not a head of state/government or a governor. He was assisted by several other officers in carrying out his duty.

===Districts===
The union territory of Daman and Diu had two districts:
* [[Diu District]], an area of {{cvt|40|km2}}. The main settlement is the town of [[Diu, India|Diu]].
* [[Daman District, India|Daman District]], an area of {{cvt|72|km2}}. The main settlement is the city of [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]].

== See also ==

* [[Battle of Diu]]
* [[Damania]]
{{clear right}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikivoyage|Daman and Diu}}
* [https://www.daman.nic.in/ Daman Administration's official website]
* [https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_goa-dep.html#Daman WorldStatesmen, including lists of Portuguese captains/governors of Damão and Diu]

{{Geographic Location
| Centre    = Daman and Diu
| North     = 
| Northeast = 
| East      = [[Gujarat]]
| Southeast = 
| South     = 
| Southwest = 
| West      = [[Arabian Sea]]
| Northwest = 
}}

{{Daman and Diu}}
{{Portuguese overseas empire}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daman And Diu}}
[[Category:Daman and Diu| ]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Arabian Sea]]
[[Category:City-states]]
[[Category:Diu, India]]
[[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]]
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Gulf of Khambhat]]
[[Category:Portuguese India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1987]]
[[Category:Former union territories of India]]
[[Category:2019 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of India]]